Mencius' classical Chinese exhortation to the monarch
During the Warring States Period, the Qi people attacked the mound, and Zhao sent Kong Qing to lead the dead to the rescue to resist the Qi people. As a result, they defeated the Qi army, captured 2,000 chariots of the Qi army, and buried 30,000 bodies of the Qi army in two big graves.
Ning Yue said to Kong Qing, "It would be a pity if these vehicles and bodies were not used. It is better to return the bodies of Qi soldiers to Qi people, launch an invisible battle in Qi territory, let the chariots play another transportation function, and bury these bodies in Qi's national treasury and it will be exhausted. "
Kong Qing said: "What if Qi people refuse to accept their bodies?"
Ning Yue said: "It is a sin to lead an army into battle and not win all the victories; Only the people are allowed to go out, and the people are not allowed to return home. This is the second sin; Refusing to accept the bodies of war dead is sin three. With these three crimes, the people will resent the monarch and have no intention of loyalty to him. The monarch can't drive people to work. This is called the second attack. "
Ning Yue can be regarded as a man with both civil and military skills. He can win by strength, and win by virtue with literature.
2 Su Qin
For the sake of effectiveness, ostensibly advocating union and uniting all countries except Qin, in fact, provoking the relationship between countries and Qi, deceiving the King of Qi for a long time, inciting Qi to destroy the Song Dynasty, consuming national strength, and finally leading to the success of the allied forces in cutting Qi, but being killed before cutting Qi. Article 36 deals with the Warring States Policy.
There are too many stories about him. Please see Biography of Historical Records and Su Qin.
3 Doukhi
There are five articles about Doukhi in the Warring States Policy.
Du He wanted the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to reuse Cui Jing, so he said to the Eastern Zhou Jun, "Your country is very small, and it is not appropriate to dedicate your treasures to prominent princes to win people's hearts. You should reflect on it. For example, if you set a net to catch birds and set the net in a place where there are no birds, you will never catch birds; Setting the net in a place where there are many birds will easily wake the birds and scare them away. Only when the net is set in a place where there are birds, but not many birds, will many birds be caught. Now you spend money on celebrities, but these people look down on you; Spend money on ordinary people. You can't expect anything from these people, you are wasting money. The king can only realize his wish by spending money on those who are temporarily down and out, who are not prominent now and will surely achieve great things in the future.
4 homonym
Minister of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, later came to Chu, Qin and Han to seek development and strategize. Five articles on warring states policies.
Five weeks at most.
Duke Zhou, serve Zhao Haoqi, king of Qin. It has a strong ability, but its selfish desires are also very heavy, and it never forgets to make profits for itself, so it can't be a big deal. 2 1 article deals with the warring states policy.
Qi sent Zhou as the most ambassador to South Korea, coercing South Korea to appoint Han Rao as prime minister and recall his uncle. Zhou Zui is very upset about this. He said: "Uncle and Zhou Jun have a very good relationship. They sent me to South Korea, to make South Korea depose my uncle and make Bill Han look good. As the saying goes,' when people are angry at home, they will definitely show their anger in public. If uncle hates Qi, there is nothing he can do, but he will definitely break up with Zhou Jun and hate me. "Shi Ji advised:" go ahead, I'll let my uncle respect you. "
Zhou Zui came to Korea, and his uncle was very angry. When Shi She saw her uncle, she said, "I didn't want to go to Korea at first, but I forced myself to come. The last thing Zhou wants to come is for your own good. I forced him to come for your own good. " Uncle said, "Please tell me your reason." Shi She replied, "There was a doctor in the State of Qi who kept a fierce dog, so he couldn't yell at it. If he yells at it, he will bite. If a guest wants to try, first stare at it carefully, gently reprimand angrily, and the dog will not move; Yelled at it again, and the dog didn't mean to bite. I was lucky enough to serve you a week ago, but this time he had to go to Korea. He will slowly state Qi's request according to the etiquette. South Korean Wang Yi must think that Qi is in no hurry to do so, and will definitely not agree to this request. If Zhou is the last one to come, others will definitely come to perform the task. People who come here have no friendship with you and want to please South Korea. The task will be very fast and the tone of voice will be very urgent, so South Korean Wang Yi will definitely promise him. " Uncle said, "Good." So I respect Zhou Zui very much. Didn't let Korea take the uncle's position.
2. The translation of classical Chinese in Mencius (Hui Liang Wang Xia) is similar to that of others. Princes will try to save Yan. Wang Xuan said, "How do you treat those who try to attack me?" Attack Yan together and lay the foundation for Yan. Other vassal States plotted to save Yan. King Xuan said, "Many governors have plotted against me. How should we deal with them? " Mencius said to him: "I heard that seventy miles is the rule of the world, and soup is also." Never heard of people who are afraid of thousands of miles. The book says,' Tang Yizheng began in Ge.' The world believes in it, and it is expropriated in the east, hated in the west, expropriated in the south and hated in the north, saying,' Xi is the post-me?' People expect that if Yun Ni is also dry. Not only those who return to the city, but also the cultivators remain the same. If it rains, people will be very happy. The book says, "After worrying about me, I will be late." Today, Yan abused his people, and Suo Luo Zheng did it. People thought they would save themselves from the mire and eat the meat in the pot to welcome Julian Waghann. If you kill his father and brother, it will be a burden to his children, destroy his ancestral temple and move his heavy weapons. How can it be? The world is firmly afraid of the strength of Qi, and now it is twice as good as benevolent government. Moving the world is a last resort, which will make inferiority more than respect and sparseness more than qi. Could it have been an accident? Both left and right are virtuous, and cannot be done; Doctors are all virtuous, not for; People in China all say that they are virtuous, so observe and see how virtuous they are, and then use them. If both sides say no, they won't listen; All doctors say no and don't listen; People in China say no, then observe it, see it, and then go. Both sides can kill, don't listen; All doctors said they could kill, but they didn't listen; People in China say that if you can kill, you can kill it. Then, look around and see what you can kill, and then kill it. So, the people of China killed it. So, then you can be a parent. "
Mencius replied, "It is said that the world is unified by a large area 70 miles square, and this is the case in Shang Tang. I've never heard of people who are afraid of others because of their vast area and square distance. The history book says:' Shang Tang's conquest began in Ge.' People all over the world trust Shang Tang. When he conquered the East, people in the West complained. When he conquered the South, people in the North complained and said, "Why didn't you (conquer us first) leave us behind?" The people look forward to him, just as they look forward to the rainbow in the dark clouds during the drought. (Tang Dajun has arrived at a place.) The people in the market do business as usual, and the farmers do farm work as usual. Kill the tyrant there and show sympathy for the people there, just like timely rain falling from the sky, and the people are ecstatic. The history books also say,' When our king comes, we will be reborn. Now, Yan mistreats its people and the king conquers it. The people thought that they would be rescued from the hot water, so they used bamboo baskets to hold rice and clay pots to hold wine to meet the king's army. What if you kill their fathers and brothers, imprison their children, destroy their ancestral temples and take away the treasures of their country? The world was originally afraid of the strength of Qi, and now Qi has doubled its fiefdoms without benevolent policies, making all the governors of the world send troops to attack you. The king quickly issued an order to send the captured old people and children back, stop carrying the treasures of the Yan State, consult with the people of the Yan State, elect a new monarch, and then evacuate the Yan State, so it is still too late to stop. "
3. About Mencius' classical Chinese Mencius' Liang Shang' Mencius sees Liang.
The king said, "You have come a long way, but will it benefit our country?" Mencius said to him, "Why should you talk about profit? And benevolence and righteousness. Wang said,' Why is it good for our country'? The doctor said,' Why is it good for my family'? Shu Ren said,' Why is this good for me? It is dangerous for the state to pay taxes from top to bottom.
If the country of a thousand riders kills its monarch, it will be the home of a thousand riders; A thousand times the country kills its king, then a hundred times the home. It's not too much to walk a thousand roads and a hundred roads.
Righteousness before righteousness, profit first, and embarrassment if you don't take it. Those who leave their relatives without benevolence and righteousness, and those who leave their husbands without benevolence and righteousness.
Wang also said that it was only benevolence and righteousness. Why should he say profit? Mencius saw Liang, Wang Li was on the marsh, and Gu Hongyan was an elk. He said, "Are saints happy about this?" Mencius said to him, "A saint is happy when he has it, and a saint is happy when he has it." "Poetry" says, "The Lingtai started at the beginning and then set up camp. Shu Ren attacked it, but it failed for several days.
Don't be anxious from the beginning, the common people will come. Wang Zailing, Rufen Fuyou, Rufen Zhuozhuo, Bai Niao Crane.
Wang is in Lingnuma. He jumps into the fish. King Wen takes people's power as a platform.
When people are happy, they call it platform Lingtai, swamp spirit powder, elk, fish and turtle, and they are happy. The ancients enjoyed themselves with the people, so they could enjoy themselves.
Tang Shi said:' Time hurts? Give it to the woman and die together. "People want to die with them. Although there are birds and beasts in the pool, how can they enjoy themselves?" King Hui of Liang said, "I am a country, and I devote myself to it.
If Hanoi is fierce, it will move its people to Hedong and its millet to Hanoi. Hedong is also fierce.
People who observe the politics of neighboring countries have no intention like me. There are no more people in neighboring countries, and there are no more people in my country. Mencius said to him, "The king is belligerent. Please use the analogy of war.
Replenish drums, weapons company, abandon armor. Or stop after a hundred steps, or stop after fifty steps.
What if the pot is too black? "No, it's not a hundred paces straight, but it's also a walk." He said: "If Wang knows this, there is no hope that there will be more people in neighboring countries.
If you don't go against the farming season, the valley can't take food; If you don't count, neither fish nor turtle can be eaten. Axe gold gets into the mountain in time, and mywood can't be used. Valley and fish turtles can't fight for food, and wood and wood can't fight for it, which makes people lose their lives and have no regrets.
Keeping in good health and dying without regret is the beginning of kingly way. Five acres of houses, trees for mulberry, fifty people can wear clothes; Chickens, dolphins and dogs are all domestic animals, so there is no time to waste. Seventy people can eat meat; A hundred acres of land, if you don't hurry, a family of several can be hungry; I sincerely hope that the godson of the cult will be filial, and the winners will not be on the road.
Seventy people eat meat, clothes and silk, and the Lebanese are neither hungry nor cold, but they are not kings and have nothing. Dogs don't know when they eat food or when they are hungry. When people die, they say,' It's not me, it's age.
Why is it different from stabbing and killing people? Say,' It's not me, it's a soldier.' The king is innocent, and the people in the world are heavy. "
King Hui of Liang said, "I would like to teach in peace." Mencius said to him, "Isn't it unusual to kill people with hammers and blades?" Yue: "There is no difference."
"Is it unusual to use the blade and politics?" Yue: "There is no difference." He said, "There is fat in the barn, fat horses in the stable, hungry people and hungry people in the wild. This causes wild animals to eat each other.
Animals eat each other and people hate them. For the sake of people's parents, the administrative department has to lead wild animals to eat people.
Evil is being the parents of the people? Zhong Ni said: "The initiator will not have any consequences!" It's also used to make it look like a person. How did it make people starve to death? "King Hui of Liang said," The State of Jin, Mo Qiang, knows everything.
And my body, the East was defeated by Qi, and my eldest son died; West, lost seven hundred miles in Qin; The south is a disgrace to Chu. I'm ashamed of it. I'd rather spill it than die. What can I do? Mencius said to him, "The earth is a hundred miles away, so you can be king.
The king is kind to the people, saves punishment, collects taxes thinly, and cultivates the fields easily. Strong men can cultivate their filial piety and loyalty in their spare time, serve their fathers and brothers, and serve their superiors, so that they can make a fuss about the strong men in Qin and Chu.
When he took his people away, he couldn't farm to support his parents, who were hungry with cold, and their brothers and wives were separated. He drowned his people, but Solo collected them. Who are the enemies of the king? So:' The benevolent is invincible.
Wang, please don't doubt it! "Mencius see Liang Xiang king. Coming out, the speaker said, "I don't look like a gentleman, so I can't see what I'm afraid of." "
Suddenly he asked, "Is this world evil?" I said to him,' I booked one. Who can be one of them? Right:' Those who are not addicted to killing can be killed.
Who can match it? Yes:' There is nothing in the world but peace. Is it Miao? If there is drought in July and August, the seedlings will die.
When the sky looks like a cloud and it rains repeatedly, the seedlings will thrive. If so, who can resist? There are no people who are not addicted to murderers now. If there are people who are not addicted to murderers, people all over the world will look forward to it.
If so, the people will return to it and the water will come down. Who can resist? Qi Xuanwang asked, "Have you ever heard of Qi Huan and Jin Wen?" Mencius said to him, "The followers of Zhong Ni who have nothing to do with Taoism and literature will never be handed down in the future. I haven't heard of it.
If there is nothing to do, what is a king? "Yue:" What kind of virtue can be king? "He said," If you protect the people and be king, you can't protect yourself. " He said, "How can I protect the people if I am alone?" Said, "yes. "
Yue: "How do you know I can do it?" He said: "I heard from Hu Weiqi that the king of Qi was sitting in the hall. When he saw him passing under the hall with a cow, he said,' What is a cow?' Yes: "This will be a clock." The king said,' Give it up! I can't bear to be swaddled. If I am innocent, I will die.
Yes: "but why use a clock?" Yue:' What can be abolished? Trade sheep for them! Know nothing? Say, "Yes." . "He said," the heart is king.
People love the king, and I know the king can't stand it. "The king said," of course.
There are sincere people. Although Qi is young, why do I love a cow? I just can't bear to be swaddled, and innocent people die, so I exchange sheep. "
He said: "The king and the people love him no different. Small is easy to be big, and evil is known? If Wang hides his innocence and dies, what about cattle and sheep? " Wang smiled and said, "Why are you sincere? I must love its wealth.
And it's good to use sheep, and it's appropriate for people to call me love. Yue said, "There is no harm." . "This is a kind of technology, but you don't see sheep when you see cows.
A gentleman is to an animal, seeing its life, and can't bear to see its death; I can't bear to eat its meat when I hear its voice. Far cooking is also a gentleman. "
The king said, "The Book of Songs says,' If others have a heart, they can worry about it.' Master is also called.
I did what I had to do, but I asked for it, not really. What the master said is of great concern to me.
Why is this heart suitable for the king? "Yue:" The King Fu said,' I am strong enough to raise a hundred monarchs', not enough to raise a feather; "Bright enough to see the end of autumn", but no salary, then what about Wang Xu? .
4. Mencius' classical Chinese "Mencius" said: "I am not as good as the North Sea." No, I can't. Breaking branches for the elderly, people say' no'. Do it if you don't do it. Therefore, the king is not the king, not relying on Mount Tai to surpass the North Sea and so on; The king is not a king, but a broken branch or something.
Mencius said: "I jumped over the North Sea with Mount Tai in my arms and said to people,' I can't.' This is really impossible. Bow to the old man and say,' I can't do it. This is not impossible, not impossible. Therefore, the king did not rule the country with benevolence, and did not belong to the category of leaping over the North Sea with Mount Tai. Kings don't rule the world with benevolence, which belongs to the category of bending over and saluting the elderly. "
He said: "However, a small entity cannot be the enemy of a large entity, a small entity cannot be the enemy of many entities, and a weak entity cannot be the enemy of a strong entity. The land of the sea, Fang Jiu, has one in the collection; Why is it different from Zou's enemy Chu Tsai? The cover is also the opposite. Today, the king is in power and benevolent, so that all the officials in the world want to stand in the dynasty, all the cultivators want to plow in the king's field, all the merchants want to hide in the king's city, and all the people in the world want to paint in the king. If so, how to resist? "
Mencius said: "It can be seen that a small country cannot be an enemy of a big country, a sparsely populated country cannot be an enemy of a populous country, and a weak country cannot be an enemy of a powerful country. At present, the total land area of China is about 9 million square miles, while the total land area of Qi is only/kloc-0.00 million square miles. What is the difference between taking one-ninth of the strength as the enemy and taking the other eight-ninth as the enemy? This road is impassable, why not start with Ben? Now, if political reform and benevolent governance are implemented, all scholars in the world will regard Qi as an official, all cultivators will treat Qi as a farmer, all merchants and businessmen will treat Qi as a businessman, all travelers will pass through Qi, and all those who hate their monarch will complain to you. Sure enough, who can stop it? "
5. Mencius Liang said: "I am in the country, and I am dedicated to it. If Hanoi is fierce, it will move its people to Hedong and its millet to Hanoi.
Hedong is also fierce. People who observe the politics of neighboring countries have no intention like me. There are no more people in neighboring countries, and there are no more people in my country. Why?
What else? "
Mencius said to him, "The king is belligerent. Please use the metaphor of war. Replenish drums, weapons company, abandon armor. Or walk a hundred steps.
Stop, or take fifty steps before you stop. What if the pot is too black? "
He said, "No, it's not a hundred steps straight, it's also a walk."
He said: "If Wang knows this, there is no hope that there will be more people in neighboring countries. If you don't go against the farming season, the valley can't take food; The count does not enter the pool,
Fish and turtles can't beat food; Axe gold gets into the mountain in time, and mywood can't be used. Fish and turtles can't eat food, and wood can't be used.
Is to keep people healthy and lose their lives. Keeping in good health and dying without regret is the beginning of kingly way.
Five acres of houses, trees for mulberry, fifty people can wear clothes; Chickens, dolphins, dogs and cats are animals that have no time to waste. Seventy people can eat meat.
Hey; A hundred acres of land, if you don't hurry, a family of several can be hungry; I am willing to teach you the order of filial piety, but not for nothing.
Wear it on the road. Seventy people eat meat, clothes and silk, and the Lebanese are neither hungry nor cold, but they are not kings and have nothing.
Dogs don't know when they eat food or when they are hungry. When people die, they say,' If it weren't for me, I would be old.' What's the difference with it?
Stabbed the dead and said,' It's not me, it's a soldier'. The king is innocent, and the people in the world are heavy. "
King Hui of Liang said, "I would like to teach in peace."
Mencius said to him, "Isn't it unusual to kill people with hammers and blades?" Yue: "There is no difference." "With the blade and politics, there is a difference.
Huh? "Yue:" There is no difference. "
He said, "There is fat in the barn, fat horses in the stable, hungry people and hungry people in the wild. This causes wild animals to eat each other. Animals eat each other and people are evil.
One. For the sake of people's parents, the administrative department has to lead wild animals to eat people. Evil is being the parents of the people? Zhong Ni said: "The initiator has no successor.
Forget it! It's also used to make it look like a person. How did it make people starve to death? "
King Hui of Liang said, "Jin State, Mo Qiang knows everything in the world. And my body, the East was defeated by Qi, and my eldest son died; western
Buried in Qin 700 Li; The south is a disgrace to Chu. I'm ashamed of it. I'd rather spill it than die. What can I do? "
Mencius said to him, "The earth is a hundred miles away, so you can be king. The king is kind to the people, saves punishment, collects taxes thinly, and cultivates the fields easily. A strong man
In his spare time, cultivating his filial piety and loyalty, serving his father and brother, and serving his long-term career can help Qin Chu's Qiang Bing. that
When they take their people, they can't farm to support their parents, their parents are frozen and hungry, and their brothers and wives are separated. He drowned his people, but Solo recruited them.
Husband, who is against the king? Therefore, as the saying goes,' the benevolent is invincible'. Wang, please don't doubt it! "