Introduction and detailed information of Zuojiang
Mainstream Overview
Zuojiang River is the largest tributary of the Yujiang River, an upstream tributary of the Xijiang River system. In ancient times, it was called Jinnan Water and Jinyuan Water, originating from Kulong Mountain at the junction of Vietnam and Guangxi. The upper reaches are called Qiqiong River (also called Li Xi) in Vietnam, and are called Pinger River after entering China at Ping'er Pass on the border of Pingxiang City. When it reaches Longzhou County, it is joined by Shuikou River, a tributary, hereafter called Zuojiang River. The Ping'er River Basin covers an area of 7066.5 square kilometers, of which 6468.9 square kilometers are in Vietnam and 597.6 square kilometers are in Guangxi. Zuojiang River flows eastward to Shangjin, Longzhou County, and Mingjiang River, a large tributary with a basin area of 6379 square kilometers, joins from the right. The highest golden section of Longzhou is also called Lijiang. It flows through the junction of Tuohuai Village and Jiangzhou District of Chongzuo City, and another large tributary, Heishui River, joins from the left. It flows through Chongzuo and Fusui County to Chonghetun, Funan Township, Fusui County, where the tributary Wangzhuang River (basin area 1,258 square kilometers, river length 124 kilometers) joins from the right. It flows to Song Village, Hejiang Town, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City (formerly under the jurisdiction of Yongning County) and joins the Youjiang River in the Baise Section of the Yujiang River. It is the traditional starting point of the Yujiang River Section and (Yujiang Yongjiang Section).
The total length of the Zuojiang River is 539 kilometers, with a basin area of 32,068 square kilometers, of which 11,579 square kilometers (including the Shuikou River, the upper and middle reaches of the Ping'er River and part of the Heishui River basin) are in Vietnam, accounting for 11,579 square kilometers of the total basin. Area of 36.1. Zuojiang and Mingjiang River Valleys are located between Shiwanda Mountain, Xidaming Mountain and Sifangling. They are areas with low precipitation and runoff. The average annual runoff in the entire basin is 20.54 billion cubic meters. Pinger River Section
Pinger River, known as Songji River in ancient times, belongs to the upper reaches of Zuojiang River and originates from the mountainous areas of northern Vietnam. The upstream is Vietnam's Qiqiong River (Qiqiong River), which enters the country from the west side of Pinggong Mountain, turns northeast along the Sino-Vietnamese border, then turns east and south around Ping'erguan, flows south to Bannitun, Pingxiang City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and turns eastward. From Nameng to Pingjia, it turns north to Puchi, then gradually northwest to Tuoli, then northeast to the junction of Pingxiang City and Longzhou County, along the dividing line to the southeast and then north into Longzhou County. The Ping'er River flows through Pingxiang City for about 19 kilometers.
In Longzhou County, the Pinger River runs from east to west through Anzhen, Yashui, Tuoben, Jugai, Xiahong, and Louyuanjiao, and is named after it joins the Shuikou River at Ximatan. Zuojiang.
Zuojiang Section
In Longzhou County, the main stream starts from the confluence of Shuikou River and Pinger River, and flows eastward through Baisha Street, Diaoyutai, Shaye, Dawan, Lianjia, Nongmiao, Qinjiang, Hecun, Da'an, Baixue, Juanfeng, Zangshao and Xiangshui exit Tuomian and enter Chongzuo County, with a total length of 72 kilometers and a rain collection area of 12,875 square kilometers.
In Jiangzhou District, Chongzuo City, Zuojiang was formerly known as Lijiang. The river section flowing through Jiangzhou enters from the southwest, turns northeast and traverses the central part of Jiangzhou District, naturally dividing the district into two major parts, north and south. The river in Jiangzhou is 139.6 kilometers long (including 18.6 kilometers of the river section at the junction of Longzhou County and Ningming County, and 21 kilometers of the river section at the junction with Fusui County). The upper reaches start from Yigu Village, Heping Township, which borders Longzhou County. It enters 0.4 kilometers southwest of the village, flows through Heping, Chongzuo (city area), Setuan, Tuolu, Leizhou and other townships (towns), and reaches Anding Village, Liantang Village, Leizhou Township downstream, and flows into Fusui County.
In Fusui County, the Zuojiang River section was called Luding River and Lijiang in ancient times. In the west, it flows from Jiu'an Village in Chongzuo into Laelu Village in Fusui County, passes through 6 townships including Qujiu, Quli, Funan, Xinning, Changping and Longtou, and flows into Yongning County from Naqin Village in Longtou Township. The basin area is 2638.7 square kilometers, and the river length (main stream) is 93 kilometers. Hydrological characteristics
The multi-year average natural annual runoff is 17.41 billion cubic meters; the maximum annual runoff is 26.7 billion cubic meters (1973), which is 2.78 times the minimum annual runoff of 9.61 billion cubic meters (1963) times; the coefficient of variation of inter-annual changes is 0.27. The runoff from May to October during the wet season accounts for 86.2% of the annual runoff, of which June to September accounts for 72.1% of the annual runoff. The Zuojiang River Basin is an area with high concentration of precipitation and runoff.
In the Pinger River section of Pingxiang City, the river width is 120 meters in high water and 100 meters in low water; at its narrowest point, it is 90 meters in high water and 50 meters in low water; The water depth is 9 meters when the water is small and 2.5 meters when the water is small. The maximum flow rate is 5150 cubic meters/second (September 1955), the minimum flow rate is only 4.3 cubic meters/second (May 1958), and the average flow rate is 108 cubic meters/second.
In Jiangzhou District, Chongzuo City, the maximum flow rate of Zuojiang River is 10,400 cubic meters/second, the maximum flow rate is 2.4 meters/second (measured by Laituan Hydrological Station in 1968, the same below), and the minimum flow rate is 25.7 cubic meters/second. seconds (1980), and the multi-year average flow rate is 5700 cubic meters/second (1955 to 1985). The annual highest water level is 98.87 meters (in 1955, frozen base level), and the lowest water level is 73.25 meters (in 1980); the basin area (catchment area) is 31,510 square kilometers. According to the "Results of Flood Inundation Survey in Chongzuo County" compiled by the Nanning Hydrological System Survey Team in June 1957, a flash flood occurred in the Chongzuo River Section of Zuojiang River in October 1881, with the peak and flood mark elevation being 110.79 meters (flood mark elevation). The mark was on the wooden pillar of the Jiangbei Bank office in Taiping Town; another flash flood occurred from September 27 to 29, 1955, with the peak elevation reaching 106.98 meters (the flood mark was located in the warehouse of the county department store, measured by the Setuan Hydrological Station); in 1986 Another major flood occurred on July 26, with the peak elevation reaching 107.16 meters. The above-mentioned three flash floods were the largest floods in recorded history. The Zuojiang river bed is low, the flood and dry water levels vary greatly, and the water lifting heights on the north and south banks are high. The cost of utilization is high and it is difficult. Most of the river bed geology is limestone, except for a section of the river from behind the Gupo Railway Station in Heping Township to the high dock.
In Longzhou County. The water quality of Pinger River is turbid and yellow all year round. It is called "White Dragon" in "Double Dragons Fighting for Pearls". The county is 30.3 kilometers long, with a rainwater collection area of 7172 square kilometers (data from Yashuitan Hydrological Station), and the maximum annual flow is 5410 cubic meters. m/s, the average flow is 125 cubic meters/s, the minimum flow is 16 cubic meters/s, the average annual runoff is 3.938 billion cubic meters, the highest water level is 124.4 meters, the lowest water level is 111.6 meters; the natural drop is 20 meters, and the water energy reserve is 1.4. Ten thousand kilowatts, 0.3 million kilowatts can be used
Zuojiang has a maximum flow of 6980 cubic meters/second, an average flow of 276 cubic meters/second, a minimum flow of 30 cubic meters/second, and an annual runoff of 8.636 billion cubic meters. , the water depth of Longzhou Hydrological Observation Station is 4.6 meters, the flow rate is 0.52 cubic meters/second, the highest water level is 124.5 meters, the lowest water level is 104.69 meters, the river width is 118 meters; the natural drop is 13 meters, the water energy storage capacity is 19,100 kilowatts, and 11,400 can be developed and utilized kilowatts. The Zuojiang river beaches in the county include Datalc Beach, Water Talc Beach, Hengjiang Beach, Natuo Xin Beach, Liushui Beach, Sib Beach, Shichang Beach, Heling Heng Beach, Crucian Carp Beach, Heye Beach, Shang There are 16 beaches including Zhetan, Xiazhetan, Juanfengtan, Tuobantan, and Tuomiantan.
In the Fusui County section, the maximum flow rate is 8,410 cubic meters/second, and the minimum flow rate is 40.5 cubic meters/second. , the average flow is 664 cubic meters/second. The annual runoff is 20.9 billion cubic meters, and the average height is 9.7 meters. The water level standard stipulates that an elevation of 70 meters is a low flood, 76.5 meters is a medium flood, and 83 meters is a high flood. Flood.) 10 to 20 times, at least 4 or 5 times. The river bank is high, the river bed is many, and the average width is 200 meters. The total water energy reserve is 38,600 kilowatts. Pinger River System
Pingxiang River, formerly known as Pingjiang, belongs to the Pinger River System and has two sources. One is from the east of the Pukouqi Mountains in the western mountains and flows through Bancha; the other is from the central mountains. It flows through Naling, and the two sources meet at Xiali, from south to north, passing through Xinna, Banwen, and Dazhuang to the urban area where it joins Napeng Creek, and then turns northwest to flow through Nayan and Bamboo. Keng, Nahang, Nahuang and Naxi then turn to the northeast and merge into Pinger River through Chacuo. The total length is about 28 kilometers, the drainage area is 107 square kilometers, the water surface area is 0.11 square kilometers, and the average flow rate is 0.3 cubic meters/second.
Sanlian River belongs to the Ping'er river system. It originates from Zicong, Longzhou County, flows through Sanlianianshe and Puzui and merges into Ping'er River. It has a total length of 8 kilometers and a drainage area of 20 square kilometers. The water surface The area is 0.02 square kilometers, and the average flow rate is 0.04 cubic meters/second.
The Hengle River belongs to the Pinghe River system and originates from the foothills of Xiulngling Mountain. From north to south, it flows through Napeng, Diai, Baikong, Songcheng, and Hengle and merges into Pinger River. The total length is 9 kilometers, the drainage area is 75 square kilometers, the water surface area is 0.02 square kilometers, and the average flow rate is 0.06 cubic meters/second. Zuojiang River System
Shuikou River is a tributary of the Zuojiang River, an upstream tributary of the Xijiang River in the Pearl River Basin. Originating in Pingmeng, Napo County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, it flows through Vietnam and repopulates at Shuikou, Longzhou County. It is called Pingjiang in Vietnam, and Longzhou County merges into Zuojiang. Also known as the Binh Muang River, it originates from the vicinity of Gu Qiu Tuen, Nong Xin Village, Binh Muang Town, Napo County. It flows from north to south, passes through Binh Muang Street, exits the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and Cao Binh Province at Binh Muang Pass, and then flows into Shuikou Pass. In my country, it flows back to the Zuojiang River in Longzhou County. The river within the county is 9.4 kilometers long, with a rainwater collection area (including rainwater collection area outside the county) of 7,800 hectares. The maximum flow is 81 cubic meters per second, the multi-year average flow is 0.5 cubic meters per second, and the flow in the dry period is 0.16 cubic meters per second. The annual diameter The flow rate is 42 million cubic meters, and the theoretical water energy reserve is 128 kilowatts. The developable capacity is 48 kilowatts. The power station was built on Ping Meng Street in 1963 with an installed capacity of 28 kilowatts. It has now been replaced by the power grid.
Mingjiang River originates from Longding, Shiwandashan Dagou in Shangsi County. It flows northeast, then turns north, and turns to the west when it reaches Shangsi County. It traverses Ningming County, flows northward through Ningming County into Longzhou County, and joins Zuojiang River at Shangjinwei.
The Heishui River originates from Dalongtan at the foot of the stone mountain on the east side of the fisherman's net in Huanhe Village, Xinjing Town, Jingxi County. It flows south and is named Longtan River. On the right side of the Jiudu Bridge, there is Goose Spring The river flows into it, henceforth it is called Nantan water. It flows into Vietnam to the west of Yuewei Town, with twists and turns. One section is the boundary river between Vietnam and China. It enters the Chinese border again at Detian Village, Shuolong Township, Daxin County, and flows eastward for 19 kilometers. There is Xilei in Nianditun. The river (also known as Luoshui, with its upper reaches in Jingxi County) merges into the Zuojiang River at the junction of the two counties in Mianhe Village, Xiangshui Township, Longzhou County. This section is called Guichun River, hereafter called Heishui River.
The Miaohuai River originates from the Baidai and Nakui Tushan areas of the Sheshan Mountains in Debao County. It is divided into two tributaries: Baidai and Nakui, and merges southeast of Miaotun in Nahuai Village, Longguang Township. . It flows through Shangqin, Nianlie and Miaotun, reaches Dabangfuliu, and joins Zuojiang River in Jingxi Hurun. The flow is 19.2 kilometers, the basin area is 186 square kilometers, the average elevation of the basin is 490 meters, the average flow rate is 3.19 cubic meters per second, the average slope is 18.0‰, the natural drop is 350 meters, the usable drop is 20 meters, and the theoretical water energy reserve is 1670 kilowatts. Develop 130 kilowatts. As of 1990, six hydropower stations, Shuanghua, Qintai, Duokui, Dabang, Nalong and Baibu, had been built along the coast, with 15 installed units and a capacity of 93 kilowatts.
In the Fusui County section, the main tributaries are:
Wangzhuang River originates from the northern foot of Sifangling, a branch of Shiwanda Mountain. It is converging with 12 tributaries, passing through Shanwei, Dongmen, Bapen and Wangzhuang merge into the Zuojiang River at Nongzhai. The upper reaches are called Qurong River and Yinhe River, and the lower reaches are called Wangzhuang River. The main stream is 49 kilometers long, with a basin area (including 12 tributaries) of 1,620.5 square kilometers, a maximum flow of 1,400 cubic meters/second, a minimum flow of 1.8 cubic meters/second, an average annual runoff of 648 million cubic meters, and a total water energy reserve of 3,090 kilowatts. . One medium-sized reservoir and 7 small reservoirs will be built along both sides of the river; 14 water wheel pumps will be installed, with 15 water wheel pumps installed; 20 small hydropower stations with an installed capacity of 55 kilowatts; and 42 water pumps with a maximum power of 772 horsepower will be installed. The designed irrigation area is 74,476 acres, and the actual irrigation area is 55,602 acres.
The Kelan River, also known as the Xiangshui River, originates from the northern foot of Mount Nuo in the southeast of Liuqiao Town. It flows through Naga, Liuqiao, Baliu, Zaowa and other villages into the Kelan Reservoir, and then flows into the Kelan Reservoir. It flows into Zuojiang River through Kelan, Bamo, Bahe and other villages. At the mouth of the Zuojiang River, there is a stone cliff with overhanging water like a waterfall. It always makes a sound, so it is named Xiangshui River. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were rotating waterwheels along the river to irrigate the fields.
The middle and lower reaches of the river are the dividing line between Chongzuo and Fusui. The county's drainage basin covers an area of 531 square kilometers, with a main stream length of 42 kilometers, a maximum flow of 840 cubic meters/second, a minimum flow of 0.3 cubic meters/second, and an average annual runoff of 18,585 cubic meters. The water energy reserve of the main river is 0.87 million kilowatts, and three small hydropower stations have been established in Bamo, Bahe and Zaowa, with an installed capacity of 870 kilowatts.
Dubang River, also known as Banyao River. It originates from Dubang Niao, flows through Quli Town, and flows into Zuojiang River in Niyao Village. The basin area is 91.8 square kilometers, the length is 14.2 kilometers, the maximum flow is 177 cubic meters/second, the minimum flow is 0.08 cubic meters/second, and the average annual runoff is 32.13 million cubic meters. The water energy reserve is 0.19 million kilowatts. Four small hydropower stations have been built, including Wangzhuang Village, Wangzhuang Reservoir, Xiyao, and Bagliao. The installed capacity is 51 kilowatts, and 139 kilowatts can be installed. The Nami River originates from Sanbaoling, flows through Funan Township, and flows into the Zuojiang River at the mouth of the county town. The basin area is 63 square kilometers, the length is 16.9 kilometers, the maximum flow is 116 cubic meters/second, the minimum flow is 0.02 cubic meters/second, and the average annual runoff is 25.2 million cubic meters. The water energy reserve is 0.004 million kilowatts.
Shangsha River originates from Tengguangde Ancient Ridge, flows through Linwang and Nagui Village, and flows into Zuojiang River at Longtou. It is named because it flows into the Zuojiang Beach. The basin area is 74.4 square kilometers, the length is 20 kilometers, the maximum flow is 125 cubic meters/second, the minimum flow is 0.1 cubic meters/second, and the average annual runoff is 26.04 million cubic meters. The water energy reserve is 0.12 million kilowatts, and 6 small hydropower stations have been built, including Wangling, Najuan, Nadai, Jiunamao, Wangcun, and Shangyang, with an installed capacity of 47 kilowatts, and 73 kilowatts can be installed. It can divert water to irrigate about 4,000 acres of farmland.
The Xiasha River originates from Nahu Village in Yongning County, flows through Jiangxi Town in Yongning County and Tengguang Village in Longtou Township, and flows into Zuojiang River in Liangting. The drainage basin in the county covers an area of 78 square kilometers, has a length of 19.1 kilometers, a maximum flow of 137 cubic meters/second, a minimum flow of 0.15 cubic meters/second, and an average annual runoff of 27.3 million cubic meters. The water energy reserve is 0.18 million kilowatts. A Tengguang small hydropower station has been built with an installed capacity of 12 kilowatts and 168 kilowatts can be installed.
Luoyang River is also known as Baijia River and Wengjiang River. It originates from the eastern part of Xidaming Mountain, flows through Zhongdong Town, and flows into Zuojiang River near Fengzhuang Village, Longtou Township. The drainage basin in the county covers an area of 180 square kilometers, has a length of 51 kilometers, a maximum flow of 412 cubic meters/second, a minimum flow of 0.10 cubic meters/second, and an average annual runoff of 72 million cubic meters. The water energy reserve is 0.555 million kilowatts, and 7 small hydropower stations have been built in Jiuxian, Sanshao, Luoyangqiao, Xin'an Reservoir, Zhongdong Middle School, Longzhuang and Changle, with an installed capacity of 120 kilowatts and 1,000 kilowatts can be installed. Overview of water conservancy
In the Chongzuo Jiangzhou section, the river has many meandering shoals and was navigable during the wet season in summer and autumn before liberation. In 1969, taking advantage of the favorable geological conditions of this section of the river bed, we dammed the river on the Cowboy Beach upstream of the ancient slope and built the Pioneer Water Wheel Pumping Station, which is the largest water conservancy project in the county. The total length of the north-south main canals is 59 kilometers, with a designed irrigation area of 32,057 acres and a maximum completed irrigation area of 19,400 acres (1975). After 1980, due to lack of water in winter and disrepair of canals and other reasons, the irrigated area decreased year by year, and by 1984 it was only maintained at about 5,000 acres. There are three highway bridges crossing the river section within the territory (Chongzuo First and Second Bridges, and Tuolu Bridge); the larger ferries are Nanjin, Zhongdu, Xiadu, and Tuolu Ferry in the county; the larger wharves are Nanjin, Zhongdu, and Xiadu (both in the county town, Zhongdu and Xiadu piers are now abandoned). Both the Chongzuo and Zuo River sections are navigable. Since the reform and opening up in the 1980s, freighters have often transported local products (such as asparagus, yellow, kenaf, soybeans, red melon seeds, etc.) to Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Macao and other places.
In the upper reaches of Longzhou County, on the Pinger River, Xianfeng and Ya hydropower stations were built successively after 1966. Before the construction of barrages and power stations, sailboats could connect from Longzhou to Lang Son, Vietnam. It was one of the water passages between Guizhou and Vietnam in China. Vietnamese timber was brought into the country by raft all year round. It was the main channel for the transportation of foreign trade goods between Guangxi and Lang Son, Vietnam. .
The Zuojiang section is 118 meters wide and has a natural drop of 13 meters, making it suitable for shipping. During the Sino-French War during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, hundreds of sailing ships transported military supplies to Longzhou every day for transfer to Lang Son and Caoping in Vietnam. During the Republic of China, British and French warships went up to Longzhou from the Xijiang River, and merchant ships went directly to Wuzhou Port and Hong Kong. After liberation, this waterway remained the main transportation line for goods from Longzhou to Nanning. In 1965, Chongzuo County built a barrage and a water wheel pumping station at the Cowboy Beach in its territory, interrupting the Longyong transportation channel. There are still motorized vessels operating within the county.
The Fusui County section is navigable by ships and sailing boats both upstream and downstream. The total water energy reserves are 38,600 kilowatts. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, 40 large and small electric irrigation stations were built along both sides of the river, with a total installed capacity of 6,404 kilowatts and an irrigation area of 46,550 acres. Tourism resources
On both sides of Zuojiang River in Jiangzhou District, there are beautiful peaks and beautiful mountains and waters. Taking a boat along the river, you can see Duiji Mountain, Tuojiao Mountain, Longniang Mountain and Huangchao Mountain on both sides of the river. There are more than 20 cliff murals (commonly known as Huashan murals) created by ancestors more than 2,000 years ago such as the city, Lantern Mountain, Tuobai Mountain, and Moon Mountain; as well as the famous Guilong Pagoda standing in the center of the river; you can also view The beautiful scenery of the sugarcane sea banana forest, green trees and bamboos, and the flying cranes and birds on the riverside. In March in spring, there is a world of flowers everywhere along the river, especially the fiery red kapok. Xu Xiake, a traveler in the Ming Dynasty, traveled to Zuojiang for 20 days. After enjoying the scenic spots of Zuojiang, he left a good saying: "The stone mountains are not particularly scenic, but the stone banks are particularly strange."
Among them, the Huashan Rock Paintings and the rivers in the control area have been included in the World Cultural Heritage List.