Common sense of couplet poetry

couplets stress duality, that is, the upper and lower phrases or sentences must have the same structure, the same number of words, the same part of speech and closely related meanings. From the specific form of duality, couplets have different antitheses. As far as the content is concerned, there are people's names, place names, flowers and trees, birds, animals, insects and fish. As far as form is concerned, it is divided into empty word pair, real word pair, disyllabic pair and overlapping rhyme. As far as the connection between the upper and lower links is concerned, it can be divided into right and wrong, and serial equivalence. Judging from the ideographic forms of couplets, couplets can use many rhetorical forms.

1. allusions. It refers to the use of ancient stories, folk customs or warnings in couplets to express ideas and make couplets rich in connotation and lasting appeal. Such as:

where is Teng Wang? Left behind, the drama pity painting a bead curtain, all turned into empty pools and clouds;

Yan Gong can preach, and the scholar is a preface, and he sends a message to the southeast host and guest, so don't underestimate the talents.

(Jiangxi Tengwangge couplet)

2. Inscribed names. Also known as embedded characters, it is to embed special nouns such as names of people, places and things in couplets, making couplets novel and personalized. Such as:

navigation marks lead the way, flags guide the way, build peace, create great achievements in China together, and laugh at the beautiful rivers and mountains;

National music welcomes relatives, rural tea narrates feelings, seeks development, * * * builds the vision of Yan Huang, and the land of Chu and Han is beautiful in color.

3. comparison. Put out the positive and negative things and situations and compare them. Such as:

the cicada noise forest is getting quieter; Tonamiyama is more secluded. (Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden)

4. Reduplication. It is to stack the same words to highlight the key points and strengthen the tone. Such as:

Xiu Xiu is everywhere in the mountains and rivers; Fine, sunny, rainy and always curious. (West Lake couplet)

5. Pun. A couplet has two meanings. On the surface, it means this, but in fact it means another meaning, which is the true meaning of the speech. This technique is subtle, tortuous and lively, which makes the couplet witty and humorous.

As far as the conditions are concerned, pun can be divided into homophonic pun and semantic pun, and these two forms can be combined.

(1) homophonic pun. Refers to a pun made by using the condition of homonym or homonym. Such as:

Lights are lit in the tower, and the layers are clear and bright; Lotus roots are picked in the pool, and the roots are too white to grow.

The upper and lower couplets are homophonic, and the names of Zhuge Liang and Li Changgeng (that is, Li Bai) are embedded, which is quite wonderful.

(2) semantic pun. Pun made by using the duality of semantics. For example,

In the later period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the reactionary Kuomintang government was even more corrupt, and the judiciary was also "the yamen opened to the south, so it was reasonable not to come in without money". At that time, someone drew up a couplet for the court:

organized; Lawless.

It means that it makes sense to have gold bars, and there is no darkness without coins. Eight words expose the corruption and degeneration of the reactionary regime to the fullest, which makes people applaud.

6. loopback. It refers to the clever use of rhetorical devices in couplets, which read the same thing in sequence and reverse, forming the beauty of reciprocating in phonology. Such as:

the water in the pool is ringing; The valley of gold is golden.

There is also a kind of couplet that forms a pronunciation loop with the help of homophones. According to legend, Tang Yin visited a friend's house one day in the Ming Dynasty, and saw a picture of the Lotus Out of the Water painted by a monk hanging on the wall. He blurted out:

Draw a picture of a lotus monk, and

The couplet spread, but there was no right for a long time. It was not until the Qing Dynasty that there were two antitheses. One is right by Li Boyuan:

The book is attached to the book of Han Tie Hanlin.

The other is right by Ji Xiaolan:

guanyin temple's pre-Tang Yinguan.

7, the truth. That is to say, between several words before and after the couplet, the same language components connect the upper and lower couplets, which makes the couplet compact in structure, coherent in meaning and smooth in sound and rhyme. For example,

According to legend, Emperor Qianlong visited the natural residence restaurant in Beijing incognito, and he was suddenly inspired. For this reason, the first topic was linked to the cloud:

A guest who lives in a natural residence is actually a guest in the sky;

Later, Ji Xiaolan passed the Great Buddha Temple in the suburb of Xinchang County, Zhejiang Province, and saw that its Buddha statue was as high as more than ten feet, so the sentence:

People passed the Great Buddha Temple, and the Buddha statue was bigger than others.

8. repeat. It is to repeat the rhetorical format of a word or a sentence in order to highlight a certain meaning or emphasize a certain emotion. Such as:

beautiful mountains, beautiful waters, beautiful winds and beautiful moons, and beautiful land for thousands of years:

Crazy voices, crazy colors, crazy dreams and infatuation, and generations of idiots. (Nanjing Qinhuai River Fengyue Pavilion)

9. Set sentences. Refers to the quotation of famous philosophical aphorisms. It can enhance the persuasiveness of couplet and the elegance of language. Such as:

and a mist from the Yun and Meng valleys, has beleaguered the city of Yueyang, the scenery here is unique;

There are so many beauties in the stars lean down from open space, and the moon comes running up the river and Jiangshan.

1. Use polyphonic words. Refers to the clever use of Chinese characters with the same shape but different sounds and meanings. Such as:

the clouds are moving towards each other; The tide is long, long, long and long. (Wenzhou Jiangxin Temple Association)

This association was written by Wang Shipeng, the champion of the Southern Song Dynasty. It skillfully used the multi-tone words "Chao" and "Chang", and described the changeable and colorful scene of Wenzhou Jiangxin Island by writing about clouds gathering and tides ebbing.

11. Be absent. Refers to the form of deliberately hiding some words in a couplet, which causes people to think of another meaning to promote the couplet. For example:

2345, 6789 (horizontal is "north and south")

The couplet implies "one (clothing) is missing, ten (food) is missing".

Common sense of poetry: 1. What was the first collection of poems in China? The Book of Songs 2. Who is the representative poet of Chu Ci? Qu Yuan, Song Yu 3. In which dynasty did Yuefu poetry first appear? Which two poems does Yuefu Double Wall refer to? Qin dynasty; Mulan Poetry and Peacock Flying Southeast 4. There was a famous pastoral poet in the poetry history of the late Eastern Jin Dynasty. Who was he? Tao Yuanming 5. Four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty were the main poets in the pioneering period of Tang poetry. Who were they? Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin, Luo Binwang 6. What are the two forms of quatrains? Five-character quatrains and seven-character quatrains 7. Who were the two "seven-character masters" in the Tang Dynasty? Li Bai and Wang Changling 8. Is it the ancient poetry or the modern poetry that pays attention to the level and level? Modern Poetry 9. Who did Li Du and Li Du refer to in the Tang Dynasty? Li Bai Du Fu, Li Shangyin Du Mu 1. What are the poetic styles that Li Bai and Du Fu are good at? Li Bai is good at quatrains and ancient styles, while Du Fu is good at metrical poems.