What is Ninggu Pagoda?

It is said that the distant ancestors of the Qing royal family had six brothers who lived here. In Manchu, "six" means "Ninggu Pagoda", so the place is called Ningguta Beile, or Ninggu Pagoda for short. There are two old and new cities: the old city is located in the old street of Hailin City today. According to Volume 31 of "Tongzhi of Shengjing": "In the old city of Ningguta, there is a stone city (inner city) on the south bank of the Hailan River (today's Langlang River), which is more than ten feet high, with one gate on the east and west in a week." The actual measured inner city (i.e. Stone City) is a square with a side length of 171 meters and a circumference of 684 meters. The outer city wall is 2.5 kilometers around and has a gate on each side. In the fifth year of Kangxi (1666), a new city was moved and built, which is now the urban area of ​​Ning'an and is called Ningguta New City. In the early Qing Dynasty, the Ninggu Pagoda was set up to the north of Shengjing (today's Shenyang) to govern the vast areas of Heilongjiang and Wusuli River.

The Ninggu Pagoda, which has a history of more than 300 years, has a history of more than 300 years. Whether it is the flowing waves of the Wave River or the roaring Mudan River, they have all witnessed your ups and downs, vicissitudes of life, and heard your sighs and sighs of sorrow and indignation. Now you have fallen silent, and few people come to disturb your clear dreams. The dust of the years has buried your beautiful figure, and the wind and rain of time have washed away your sadness. Under the gaze of three hundred years of sun and moon, you have become beyond recognition like a shambling old man.

1

In the past, I always thought that my hometown was a newly developed land, far from the famous capitals, ancient castles, famous temples, famous mountains and rivers, and celebrities that people in Jiangnan are proud of. A sad and long-lasting story. Since I read Mr. Li Xingsheng's "History of Chinese Exiles" and Mr. Yu Qiuyu's "The Land of Exiles", I have learned that in the land I have lived in and been familiar with since I was a child, there once was a "Haidong Shengguo" and a Ninggu Pagoda, a famous city in Northeast China, has famous celebrities who have spread their voices throughout China. However, these ancient existences and the stories that happened with them that either made people happy and proud or made people sigh have become a thing of the past, and now they have disappeared in people's memories. This can't help but make me sigh.

In fact, there are many written records of the cultural and historical relics of this land in historical archaeological and historical records. In 1963, during the archaeological excavation of the Yinggeling site in the Mudanjiang River Basin, it was discovered that primitive agriculture had appeared in the Mudanjiang River Basin during the Neolithic Age, about 4,000 years ago. The ground stone axes, hammered shoulder stone axes and plate fellers unearthed at the site are the primitive tools used by the ancestors to cut down trees. A stag-antler pickaxe was also unearthed at the site, which was the original tool for digging holes and sowing seeds. A large number of net pendants and abundant wild boar and roe deer skeletons were also unearthed from the site, indicating that fishing and hunting still accounted for a large proportion of the economy at that time. Looking through those ancient historical books that have turned yellow, the earliest "Bamboo Book Chronicles" and "Da Dai Li Ji" and later "Historical Records", "Guoyu", and "Shan Hai Jing" all have some reference to this area. Customs, historical stories and folklore are recorded. In modern times, "Heilongjiang Local Records", "Heilongjiang Ancestors Biography", "Shengjing Records", "Jueyu Chronicles", "Liubian Chronicles", "Ninggu Pagoda Chronicles", "Heilongjiang Local Records" and "Shengjing Records" have emerged. There are a large number of works such as "Landscape Records of Ninggu Pagoda". Some of these books are historical monographs on this area. However, many books have now been lost in the pile of yellowed old papers for a long time. They have only become the exclusive property of a few historians to study history. It is impossible for some ordinary people to care about it. This has become a history that few locals know about. Phenomenon. As a result, they will not know much about this land, and there will be less glory, less regret, less sighs, and less intellectual bourgeois-like warmth and grief. But this is something that a person with conscience and national sentiments does not want to see. This cannot help but make you feel unfair for this land that once had a heavy sense of history.

I was speechless and couldn’t tell what kind of emotion was in my heart. But I knew I had to go and take a look in person, even if it would bring more confusion and uneasiness to my heart.

2

Northeast China and Jiangnan are less graceful and charming, and more masculine and open-minded. What you often see when you go to the south of the Yangtze River is continuous drizzle, small bridges and flowing water, and pavilions and pavilions. In the Northeast, you are greeted by endless wilderness or rolling mountains and rivers. Mudanjiang is a landform integrating mountains, basins, and flowing water, covering hundreds of miles of land here. It is located between Zhangguangcai Ridge and Laoye Ridge in the remaining mountains of Changbai Mountain. From a distance, the mountains are undulating and the peaks are connected, stretching across the horizon. Looking closer, you can see the green water and green mountains, the vast expanse, the meandering pines and cypresses. Surrounded by mountains, there are basins where the land is fertile and the water flows, often where people live. Looking from a distance, wisps of smoke float over the simple villages, and the dense crops glow with a strong dark green in the afterglow of the setting sun.

On such an autumn day, I came to the Old Street Township along the Langlang River in Hailin City. This is the autumn melon harvest season. The cement road leading to the depths of the distant mountains has been built quite well. A melon farmer drove a cart full of watermelons and cantaloupe past me, heading towards the city. A wave of wind immediately filled the dry air around me. A hint of melon and fruit. And more and more people are crowded in cars, breads, and minibuses, driving all the way to the mountains in the dust. People are tired of the boring life in the city and go to the Langlang River to drift, to live in villa areas in the mountains, to taste the quiet and leisurely life of wild farmhouses in the mountains, and let the coolness of the mountains and the sweet smell of fruits and vegetables satisfy the cravings of the stomach. At this time, I embarked on a long journey to find historical footprints with an ancient dream.

In any case, going to such a place full of antiquity and temptation is enough to make people's blood boil. Starting from Mudanjiang City, I have been imagining everything here: surrounded by rugged mountains, and the ancient castle can be vaguely seen surrounded by mountains and hidden by dense forests. The castle is built of hard stones. The towering gates, protruding battlements, fluttering flags, mighty soldiers, and the moat that winds around the city all make the castle appear solemn and mysterious. However, when passers-by pointed ahead and said that Gucheng Village had arrived. I got off the car and looked up in the direction pointed. Under the setting sun, an extremely ordinary small village stood in front of me, but it suddenly made me wonder: Is this the ruins of the old city of Ninggu Tower?

The earliest name for this land in history books was Ninggu Pagoda, which originated from the early Ming Dynasty when the savage Jurchens moved to the Langlang River Basin and were called "Ninggu Pagoda Road in Donghai Wojibu". From then on, people began to call it "Ninggu Pagoda Road". The Langlang River basin is called Ninggu Pagoda. There are many theories about the origin of the name Ninggu Pagoda. One of them is that it is said that there was a pagoda on Longtou Mountain in the east in ancient times. On a foggy day, no one could be seen for hundreds of miles, and only the thundering roar of cows could be heard, and there was a constant "boom" sound. When the fog cleared, the tower on Longtou Mountain had collapsed. Therefore, people thought that the ox arched the pagoda, and this place began to be called the "Niu Gong Pagoda". Later, it was called Bai Ninggu Pagoda. However, looking through ancient books, we will read several other aspects. Wu Xiechen's "Ninggu Pagoda" said: "Manchuria calls the six Ninggu pagodas, and each one is a pagoda, which is the Chinese word for six." Fang Gongqian's "Jueyu Jiluo" says: "I don't know where the Ninggu Pagoda is. , I don’t know where it belongs, there is nothing to be found thousands of miles away, and there is no reason to ask.” It is said that there were six people sitting in Fu, and one of them was called Ning Gong. It is said that Ning Gong Pagoda and Ning Gu Pagoda are just false names. According to recent research by Manchu experts, "Ninggu Pagoda" is the "six residences", which means six tribes, including Shalan, Mudan, Jiaoluo, Shaerhu, Jiujie and Mudang.

I am not an archaeological expert, but I have to take my praise of Ninggu Pagoda seriously. Because it is related to the yesterday, today and future of Ninggu Pagoda. After all, Ningguta was once an important town north of Shengjing (Shenyang) in Northeast China, an ancient city that governed north of Jilin, most of Heilongjiang, and part of the coastal border area in present-day Russia. Although few people know it today, it flourished and prospered after all. That's enough.

3

The ruins of the old city where General Ning Guta was stationed are located on the south bank of the Langlang River in the west of Gucheng Village, Jiujie Township, Hailin City. It is the ruins of an ancient city in the Qing Dynasty. The area is one of the broad basins of the Langlang River Basin. Here the mountains are beautiful and the trees are green, the water is clear and fish-rich, the land is rich, and there is access to both land and water. According to records, in 1631 (the fifth year of Tiancong), the old city of Ningguta was built under the supervision of Wu Bahai, the imperial guard of Ningguta. The inner city of the old city of Ninggu Tower is built of stones, more than one foot high and one mile in circumference. There is only one door on the east and west to lead in and out. The outer city is five miles in circumference, with a gate on each side. Because the inner city is built of stone, it is also called Stone City. Following directions from the villagers, I arrived at the Shicheng ruins. So I searched carefully, carefully checked the soil and stones, and finally found the vaguely identifiable ancient city wall after being disappointed again and again. It is said that these are the only remaining east and west walls of the inner city, which are about 300 meters long. The city walls are built with wooden sticks between loess and the city base is built with stones. If it weren't for a stone monument standing there, your mind would never connect this place with an ancient castle. Today, in order to protect the ancient city wall, the local government has built a weir about 10 meters long and 3 meters high on the ruins of the ancient city wall. But in other places, the city walls and foundations have been buried by the remaining soil, and the wooden sticks have long been weathered away. Only round holes are left, like question marks, telling you the doubts in its heart.

Why was Ninggu Pagoda later moved from the old city to the new city (today's Ning'an Town, Ning'an City)? There was a legend: Once upon a time, the old city was surrounded by nine mountains, like nine dragons. This city is like a nine dragon playing with beads, making it a geomantic treasure. Later, some people came to Longtoushan to dig for treasures and unearthed golden figures and horses, so they cut off the dragon veins and made Kowloon lose its balance. From then on, there were continuous floods, wind and fire, and there was no peace here. In fact, according to historical records, there were ten consecutive floods in the Langlang River Basin from 1814 to 1885. Since the old city is close to the river and the terrain is low, floods have submerged the old city many times, making it very unsafe. At the same time, Tsarist Russia invaded the Heilongjiang Basin many times. The water level of Langlang River was usually not high, so it was necessary to move the station to the Mudan River so that it could be easily dispatched to hunt down Tsarist Russian bandits at any time. So in 1666 (the fifth year of Kangxi), General Ningguta Bahai led his troops to start building the new city of Ningguta. In December of the same year, the station was moved to the new site. According to the annals of Ning'an County: "The new city was built with military force and made of pine wood with rammed earth, more than two feet high. The inner city has a circumference of 585 feet and has three gates in the east, west and south: the east is called Sheng Sheng, the west is called Wangque, and the south is called Yingxun. . The inner city is the general's office, and the outer city has East and West Streets. "The new city served as the residence of General Ningguta for ten years after the old city. It was not until 1676 that the Qing government ordered General Ningguta's mansion to be moved to Jilin.

When interviewing the history of Ningguta, I cannot help but introduce to you three historical figures with reverence. They are Sharhuda who served successively as the Zhangjing of Ningguta Angbang. , Bahai and Sabsu. Sarhuda, whose surname was Guarjia, was good at conquering and fighting. He was a one-yuan war general during the founding period of Nurhaci. In the 10th year of Shunzhi (1653), the first Ningguta Angbang Zhangjing (capital commander) was appointed, and he became a famous general in the history of our country in fighting against foreign aggression in Quguanjingbianzhong. Bahai was first appointed as Niulu Zhangjing (associate leader), and in the 14th year of Shunzhi (1657), he was awarded the bachelor's degree at the Imperial Academy. In the 16th year of Shunzhi (1659), he took over the official position of his father Shaerhu Daangbang Zhangjing and garrisoned Ninggu Tower (Old City). In the first year of Kangxi (1662), Ningguta Angbangjing was renamed General Ningguta, and Bahai succeeded him and became the first General Ningguta. During his tenure, Bahai built a new city, built a post station, established an official village, stored food, strengthened armaments, and fought against Tsarist Russia, writing a very glorious page in the history of Ninggu Pagoda. During the reign of General Bahai Renningguta, the remnants of Tsarist Russia invaded the Heilongjiang Basin many times. After hearing the news, Bahai sent his troops northward. With the cooperation of the local people of all ethnic groups, he sent out surprise troops to ambush the Russian army near Gufatan Village, dealing a heavy blow to the enemy. His meritorious service against Tsarist Russia was successively awarded by Shunzhi and Kangxi.

Another one is Sabusu, who rose to prominence from Ningguta and later became the first Heilongjiang general. His surname was Fucha. He was born in Ningguta on the side of the Hulha River (Mudanjiang). He once led his troops to leap into the Yangtze River. He whipped the enemy away, commanded the warships to break through the wind and waves, and successfully commanded the Battle of Yaksa, performing a witty, strategic, heroic but majestic border defense epic. People still admire them when they talk about them.

Four

Among the many memories that Ninggu Pagoda brings to people, there is also a past event full of blood and tears that cannot be ignored. In the Manchu Dynasty, which ruled China from the great forests of Northeast China to the Central Plains for more than three hundred years, "Exiling Ninggu Pagoda" was a synonym full of fear and death. After the Qing Dynasty made Beijing its capital, the Ningguta area was determined to be the land of Longxing and was banned for a long time, turning it into a vast wilderness of ice and snow, where tigers and wolves were rampant. Starting from the Shunzhi period, Ninggu Pagoda became the receiving place for the Qing court's exiled criminals. Due to the internal power struggle in the Qing court and the inquisition of gossip, failures on the battlefield, delays in missions, corruption of court officials and local officials, and even unnecessary crimes, all can be found in this sentence. When he died, he was immediately sent to the wild land of Northeast China. Some of them were officials, some were literati, some were craftsmen, prisoners of war, and even ordinary people. When they walked towards the distant and lonely Ninggu Pagoda, they had to bow in the direction of the court to thank the Lord Long En. Then, carrying splints and filled with humiliation and grief, they trekked towards the ill-fated journey in the wind and rain. The road to Ninggu Pagoda has high mountains, long rivers, rapid peaks, and is difficult to navigate in the presence of tigers and wolves. Some of them died of illness during the journey, and some were devoured by tigers and wolves. Those who were lucky enough to reach Ninggu Pagoda would also suffer hardships in the ups and downs. With all his energy gone, the black-haired man turned into a white-haired man, with only a trace of strength left to survive. When they finally reach Ninggu Pagoda after thousands of miles of hardship and suffering, everyone will shed tears because of the experience of struggling from the edge of life and death.

Among the many talented celebrities in the Northeast, the "amazingly talented" Jiangnan celebrity Wu Zhaoqian should be an outstanding representative. He was born into a scholarly and noble family. He was known as a genius at a young age because of his intelligence and enlightenment. It is said that when he was nine years old, he wrote the "Fu" of several thousand words, which shocked the countryside and spread his fame to the imperial court. In the 14th year of Shunzhi, Wu Zhaoqian took the Nanwei Township Examination and passed the examination. However, he was unjustly imprisoned in the Jiangnan Examination Case that shocked the government and the public. Although the final trial was "unruly and unfair", he was still in the 11th year of Shunzhi. On the 28th of the month, he was sentenced to be sent to garrison Ning Guta. Before Wu Zhaoqian left, many friends came to see him off. Many friends did not forget to say goodbye with poems at this time. The most famous one is Wu Meicun's poem, "Life is thousands of miles away, and we are just saying goodbye in ecstasy. Why do you do this?" "Mountains are not mountains, water is not water, life is not life, death is not death." Say goodbye to the moment. , the poem is written with tears and sincere feelings, and all the listeners are shocked.

Although the personal situation of the people who moved to Ningguta was like falling into an inhuman state, and they suffered unbearable physical and mental pain, they made great contributions to the development and construction of the Ningguta area. Made an indelible contribution. According to historical records, Yang Yue, a refugee, spread farming techniques and house-building methods among the local indigenous people, and exchanged the items he carried with him for fishing and animal husbandry products with the local indigenous people. At the same time, some highly educated immigrants established private schools here, which not only spread culture but also planted the seeds of civilization. The influx of refugees changed the original living conditions of the local people who relied on fishing and hunting. They learned to grow grains, tobacco leaves, and collect ginseng and honey, which led to rapid development of agricultural farming. A group of insightful people took the mountains and rivers here at Ninggu Pagoda as the object of their own investigation, and left them in the form of writing for future generations, which has become a rare wealth for us to study regional culture today. For example, Fang Gongqian's "Ninggu Pagoda Chronicles", Zhang Jinyan's "Ninggu Pagoda Landscape Chronicles", Yang Bin's "Liubian Chronicles", Wu Zhenchen's "Ninggu Pagoda Chronicles" and so on. These works are of extremely high academic value and have made a significant mark in the history, geography and literature of Northeast China.

Ning Gu Pagoda has become a history book sealed on the deep bookshelves of the library, sealed in the mist and dust of Ning Gu Pagoda’s long time ago, sealed in the memories that the older generation has gradually forgotten. middle. That Ninggu Pagoda, which carries a history of more than 300 years, whether it is the flowing waves of the Wave River or the roaring Mudan River, has witnessed your ups and downs, vicissitudes of life, and heard your sighs of sorrow and indignation. Now you have fallen silent, and few people come to disturb your clear dreams. The dust of the years has buried your beautiful figure, and the wind and rain of time have washed away your sadness. Under the gaze of three hundred years of sun and moon, you have become beyond recognition like a shambling old man.

Lonely Ning Guta in front of me, I am crying for you.

I look forward to and believe that you will become young again.

Political and economic center.