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The Gregorian calendar we are using now is the Gregorian calendar that has been used since 1582. The Gregorian calendar shows 12 months, and the number of days in each month ranges from 28 days and 30 days to 3 1 day. Except for the year divisible by 100, every year divisible by 4 is a leap year, while the cross-century year divisible by 400 is a leap year, so-called "leap in one hundred years, leap in four hundred years". For example, 1700, 1800 and 1900 are not leap years, but 2000 is a leap year.
There are 365 days in a year. Every year, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10 and1February are big months, with 3 1 day every month; April, June, September 165438+ October is a miscarriage, 30 days per month; February in leap year is 29 days, and February in normal year is 28 days.
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What is the perpetual calendar for?
In other words, it can automatically identify the big month (3 1 day) and the small month (30 days) and February (28 days) in a year, and then it can automatically identify leap years every four years. February is 28 days in a normal year and 29 days in a leap year. A functional watch that jumps every four years. It is even more amazing that such amazing intelligent operation is not completed by electronic programs, but by mechanical operation.
Mechanical watches with perpetual calendar function need not be adjusted for at least 100 years if they have been running normally without stopping? Of course, most table owners don't live that long?
One of the oldest perpetual calendars in history, Patek Philippe's perpetual calendar of 3940. 6 o'clock shows the date and moon phase, 9 o'clock shows the week (24 hours at the same time), and 3 o'clock shows the month and leap year.
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The history of the perpetual calendar?
1762, one of the perpetual calendar pocket watches in the existing history, was created by Thomas mutch, a British watchmaker.
1864, a perpetual calendar pocket watch of Patek Philippe came out.
1884 Vacheron Constantin made a perpetual calendar pocket watch.
1889, Patek Philippe applied for the patent of perpetual calendar technology, which was the last important technology that influenced the watch industry when Adrian Fili, one of the founders of Patek Philippe, was alive (he invented keyless winding in 1844).
1925, one of the perpetual watches in history. It is also one of Patek Philippe's perpetual calendar watches (No.97975). Since then, the perpetual calendar function has been the most important and complicated function of Patek Philippe watches.
194 1 year, Patek Philippe's first mass-produced perpetual calendar watch 1526 came out.
1955, a mass-produced perpetual calendar watch of Audemars Piguet came out.
1984, Vacheron Constantin produced a mass-produced ultra-thin perpetual calendar watch.
1985, Patek Philippe 3940, which influenced the design of modern perpetual calendar watches, came out, equipped with the famous Caliber 324SQ automatic perpetual calendar movement. Patek Philippe 3940 is one of the oldest perpetual calendars in history, and it was not replaced until May, 2006140. Patek Philippe's favorite third-generation Stearns watch is the perpetual calendar watch. The longest worn watch is 3940, which has been worn for more than 30 years and is an indispensable part of Mr. Phillips' life.
1985, the Leonardo da Vinci calendar (with timing function at the same time) came out. This is one of the mass-produced watches with perpetual calendar function, and it is also one of the perpetual calendar watches with year display window in history. At the same time, because the price is relatively "close to the people", the Leonardo calendar of Wanguo became a perpetual calendar watch that sold more at that time.
After 2000, like flywheel, many brands began to develop and produce perpetual calendar watches that only a few brands could produce.
1762, one of the perpetual calendar pocket watches in the existing history, was created by Thomas mutch, a British watchmaker.
1925, one of the perpetual watches in history. It is also one of Patek Philippe's perpetual calendar watches (No.97975).
1985, Wen Da Xi perpetual calendar (with timing function at the same time) came out, which is one of the perpetual calendar watches mass-produced in the world and also one of the perpetual calendar watches with year display window in history (this website is a perpetual calendar with hands, but in the early days of the world, the perpetual calendar watch was a perpetual calendar with timing code function, and a perpetual calendar module was made on the basis of 750 movement).
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What's interesting about the perpetual calendar?
As mentioned earlier, the magical timing function brought by magical mechanical skills. For people who love watches, especially those technical men and perpetual calendar lovers, the last day of February is their own festival every year? -Look at the date of February and jump directly from February 28th to March 1 (general calendar watches, including February, have to manually adjust the calendar every month, and the 30-day abortion is also manually adjusted, because the date dial is indicated by 3 1 day). Every leap year in 4 years is a big holiday! ? Look at the date of 28th, and jump out of 29th in February of leap year. Then watch the 29th in the middle of the night and jump directly to March 1! Is this hobby simple and silly?
The perpetual calendar has complex functions and precise mechanical operation. Most perpetual calendar watches are difficult to adjust after stopping. Therefore, most people who own a perpetual calendar watch will have a watch turner, so that they can wind the watch when they are not wearing it, which can ensure the normal operation of the perpetual calendar watch and avoid the trouble of adjusting the time. Of course, mechanical watches also have errors. Every once in a while, you must set your watch and adjust the error. In this way, your perpetual calendar watch can truly and accurately run for "10,000 years". Wear it at any time, and the watch will accurately display today's time, date, week, month, moon phase and other time information for you.
People who like perpetual calendars should also distinguish between "full calendar", "annual calendar" and perpetual calendar. Although the time information displayed on the dial is almost the same, they are very different from perpetual calendars, especially full calendars. The full calendar only shows the date, week and month, but it can't automatically distinguish big month, small month, February and leap year, so it should be adjusted manually at least five times a year (2, 4, 6, 9, 1 1 month). This calendar is far from the perpetual calendar that automatically recognizes February and leap years, so it needs to be manually adjusted 1 time every year. The perpetual calendar does not need to be adjusted manually within one hundred years. The annual calendar of this brand is sometimes less than half the price of a perpetual calendar.
The calendar circle of the simplest calendar is 3 1 day. No matter what month you are, it will jump from 3 1 to 1 next month by default. Therefore, February 28th, 30th of abortion in normal year and February 29th of leap year must be manually adjusted to March 1. The perpetual calendar watch realizes intelligent automatic watch jumping through complicated mechanical operation.
Glashü tte perpetual calendar movement with clear time information.
Beautiful Lange perpetual calendar movement
The function of perpetual calendar is very complicated. Breakdown of Audemars piguet 5 134 automatic perpetual calendar movement
If you are obsessed with technology, you can carefully study Constance's movement subdivision diagram of perpetual calendar to understand the main functional modules of perpetual calendar function (click to enlarge)
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What is the market price of perpetual calendar?
Perpetual calendar watches are more complicated, and general intermediate and below brands cannot make perpetual calendar watches. The perpetual calendars of several brands basically start at 500,000 yuan (Audemars Piguet has a steel watch with a price of 494,000 yuan, even lower). Patek Philippe, Vacheron Constantin and Audemars Piguet have the largest and most comprehensive regular perpetual calendar watches. Langer and Breguet have almost no traditional perpetual calendar watches, but there are many ultra-complex perpetual calendar watches with other complicated functions. Blancpain, Jaeger-LeCoultre and IWC all have ordinary perpetual calendars, and the prices are also very cheap, starting at 157000 yuan. The lower price is Jaeger-LeCoultre's perpetual calendar series, 245,000 yuan. The price of Blancpain's classic series of red gold calendars is not high, 3 1.8 million yuan. There are many models of perpetual calendars, and now the production price is lower. It is a bronze model of a new type of fire-breathing fighter's large pilot's perpetual calendar watch, and the price is 223,000 yuan (there were less than 200,000 perpetual calendar watches in the world before, and now it has been discontinued). The most common Portuguese gold calendar series sells for 283,000 RMB, which is about 40,000 RMB more expensive than Jaeger-LeCoultre's gold calendar. More cost-effective perpetual calendar watches, two high-end brands, constance and Montblanc. Montblanc originally had a perpetual calendar, and the price was similar to that of constance, with a little over 90,000. Now this model has been discontinued, and the lower price Montblanc perpetual calendar is a perpetual calendar series, with steel model123,000 yuan and gold model of 205,500 yuan. Therefore, among all high-end watches, the steel perpetual calendar watch with lower price in constance costs 89,500 yuan.
Patek Philippe 5320G 63 1600 yuan
Vacheron Constantin calendar series ultra-thin 665438+ ten thousand yuan.
Vacheron Constantin's red gold is 720,000 yuan.
Audemars piguet Royal Oak Calendar China Edition 6 1 1000 Yuan.
Lange Lange Matic perpetual calendar red gold 85,000 euros.
Different Lange Calendar Richard Lange Calendar "Terraluna"
Breguet Classique Series 3797 Flywheel Calendar Watch
Blancpain classic perpetual calendar watch, 3 1.8 million yuan.
Jaeger-LeCoultre series red gold 245,000 yuan
The special edition of "150th Anniversary" of the Universal Portuguese perpetual calendar watch costs 297,000 yuan.
The bronze calendar of the international Spitfire fighter pilot is 223,000 yuan.
Montblanc inheritance series perpetual calendar gold 205,500 yuan. Steel model 123000 yuan
Constance steel perpetual calendar, 89,500 yuan, a Swiss perpetual calendar watch with lower price.
Constance gold-plated calendar, the price is similar to steel.
In fact, the price of Constance perpetual calendar steel with flywheel is less than 200,000 RMB, 65,438+097,500 RMB, which is also very cost-effective.
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More perpetual calendar watches
As mentioned above, after 2000, many brands began to own their own perpetual calendar watches. Cousins have more choices.
Senator Glashü tte's excellent perpetual calendar watch.
Parma Johnny Torik QUANTI? I'm a criminal? TUEL R？ TROGRADE perpetual calendar watch
White 1966 series perpetual calendar watches
White laurel series perpetual calendar watch
Count Gouverneur perpetual calendar watch
Hublot Big Bang Chronograph-Wang Jin Ceramic Model
Harry Winston Ocean Series Double Reverse Jumping Calendar Watch
Graff perpetual calendar watch
Chopin L.U.C lunar calendar watch
The same movement is also used by Chopin's other interesting perpetual calendar watch: L.U.C. "La Santa Muerte" perpetual calendar T Lingbiao.
Henry Mu Si simple perpetual calendar watch
Hermes perpetual calendar watch
Athens Watch Classic Ludwig Calendar Watch Edition
Jacdro's open flame enamel perpetual calendar watch
Except for a few complicated models, the perpetual calendars recommended in this paper are basically the entry perpetual calendars of the above brands or the main perpetual calendars with single function, but they do not include some exotic perpetual calendars with super complicated functions, and they also do not include more perpetual calendars, including some independent perpetual calendars with unique creativity. We'll discuss it later.
After reading this article, how much do you know about perpetual calendar watches?
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The above is the most accurate version of the perpetual calendar, and the sharing of the perpetual calendar. After reading the installation of traditional perpetual calendar, I hope this will help everyone!