What is the relationship between Lingnan and exiled officials?
In fact, Lingnan was a famous wild place in Song Dynasty, and it was also a "popular place" for exiled officials. Statistics show that as many as 49 1 officials were relegated to Lingnan throughout the Song Dynasty. These people were exiled to Lingnan not to travel and enjoy food. For them, Lingnan is the end of their career and even their life. But no one expected that these exiled frustrated officials invisibly promoted the economic and cultural development and social progress of Lingnan, and made indelible contributions to accelerating the process of Lingnan civilization.
Administrative division map of northern song dynasty
The geographical scope of Lingnan and the conquest of Lingnan in Song Dynasty
1, geographical range of Lingnan
Wuling refers to the five mountain ranges, namely Yuechengling, Dupangling, Zhu Meng, Qitianling and Dayuling, which are located at the junction of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. They generally run northeast and southwest and are the watershed between the Yangtze River Basin and the Pearl River Basin. Lingnan is the floorboard of the area south of Wuling, which generally includes Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, eastern Yunnan and southwestern Fujian.
Due to the different administrative divisions of each dynasty, the geographical scope of Lingnan is also different. Lingnan in Song Dynasty mainly included Guangnan West Road and Guangnan East Road. Guangnan West Road is located in Guizhou, and Guangnan East Road is located in Guangzhou. The second road * * * governs 7 states and 6 1 county. Today, Guangxi and Guangdong are the abbreviations of Guangnan West Road and Guangnan East Road, respectively, and Hainan was subordinate to Guangnan West Road at that time.
2. Song Dynasty's conquest of Lingnan
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Central Plains Dynasty sent troops twice to pacify Baiyue, which brought Lingnan area into the territory of unified political power early. However, once the control of the unified regime is relaxed, it is easy to form a separatist regime in Lingnan. At the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the region was divided, and Lingnan was occupied by Liu Jianli, a descendant of Dashi. The monarch of the Southern Han Dynasty was fatuous and tyrannical for several generations, and the domestic people were down and out. After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin devoted himself to the war of reunification, sent troops to destroy the Southern Han Dynasty in 97 1, and once again brought Lingnan under the rule of the Central Plains Dynasty.
The Road Map of Southern Han Dynasty Destroyed in Song Dynasty (Nanping, Wuping and Houshu)
The Song Dynasty relegated a famous minister of Lingnan.
According to Lu You's "Summer Vacation", Zhao Kuangyin once set an oath tablet in the ancestral temple, demanding that future generations "don't kill scholar-officials, don't write about others", thus forming a unique style of preferential treatment for scholar-officials in the Song Dynasty. As long as officials in the Song Dynasty did not commit serious crimes, they were rarely sentenced to death and were exiled at most, and Lingnan was the most popular "home" for exiled officials in the Song Dynasty.
In the Song Dynasty, there were a large number of exiled officials. According to the statistics of relevant scholars, according to historical records, there are at least 49/kloc-0 officials exiled to Lingnan, including senior officials such as prime ministers and ruling officials. They were exiled for different reasons, some violated the criminal law, some angered the emperor, and some failed in party struggle. Among them, the more famous senior officials are:
Lu Duoxun, a native of Qinyang, Henan Province, was appointed as a political advisor when Emperor Taizong was in power. When Emperor Taizong was an official, he became prime minister. He was banished to Asia (present-day Hainan) for participating in the rebellion of Zhao Tingmei, the king of Qin, and died in the relegated mansion.
Hu Dan, a native of Huimin, Shandong Province, served as an imperial edict during the reign of Emperor Taizong. Because he participated in the event of Wang Jien and others taking power, he angered Song Zhenzong and was banished to Zhou Xun (now Guangxi).
Kou Zhun, a native of Weinan, Shaanxi Province, was the political adviser of Emperor Taizong and the prime minister of Zhenzong. He was exiled to Leizhou (present-day Guangdong) and died in the relegation house because he was caught in a political dispute over Tianxi and conspired to supervise the country by the Prince.
Ding Wei was born in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province in the Song Dynasty, and was the official to the prime minister of Zhenzong. He was demoted to Yazhou (now Hainan) because of his autocracy.