Jichang Garden's construction time, history, status in Chinese gardens, famous attractions, urgently needed! ! ! ! !
Jichang Garden is located in Xihui Park on Huishan Heng Street at the east foot of Huishan on the east side of the western suburbs of Wuxi City, adjacent to Huishan Temple. The site of the garden was originally the dormitory of Huishan Temple and two monks' residences. In the early Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty (around 1527 AD), Qin Jin (named Fengshan), who was the Minister of the Ministry of War in Nanjing, acquired it and turned it into a garden, named "Fenggu Villa" . After the death of Qin Jin, his nephew Qin Han and his son Qin Liang, the governor of Jiangxi Province, returned to the clan. In the 39th year of Jiajing (AD 1560), Qin Han renovated the garden, dug ponds and stacked mountains, and it was also called "Fenggu Villa". After the death of Qin Liang, the garden was transferred to Qin Liang's nephew Qin Yao, the right deputy imperial envoy of the Duchayuan and the governor of Huguang. In the 19th year of Wanli (AD 1591), Qin Yao was dismissed because his mentor Zhang Juzheng was criticized. After returning to Wuxi, he expressed his depression among the mountains and rivers, dredged ponds, rebuilt gardens, constructed twenty garden scenes, and wrote a poem for each scene. The garden is famous for the word "send smooth" in the poem "Reply to the Rafter" by Wang Xizhi: "take the joy of benevolence and wisdom, and send it to the smooth mountains and rivers." In 1952, Qin Lianggong, a descendant of the Qin family, dedicated the garden to the country. The Wuxi Municipal People's Government carried out renovation and protection, and gradually restored the style of the ancient garden. Jichang Garden is a famous classical garden in Jiangnan, China. On January 13, 1988, the State Council announced it as a national key cultural relics protection unit. From 1999 to 2000, with the approval of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the Xihui Scenic Area restored the southeastern part of Jichang Garden that was destroyed during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War. It successively repaired Lingxu Pavilion, Xianyue Pavilion, Woyuntang and other buildings, and restored its The garden landscape in its heyday made the entire ancient garden coherent and full of elegance.
Jichang Garden is a villa-type garden at the foot of the mountain. The current area of Jichang Garden is 14.85 acres, long from north to south and narrow from east to west. The landscape layout is centered on the mountain and pond, which is cleverly borrowed and blended with nature. The rockery is shaped like a residual vein according to the terrain of the eastern foothills of Huishan Mountain. It also constructs a Qujian, with "two springs" flowing into it. It has a gurgling sound and is known as the "Bayinjian" in the world. In front of it is the "Jinhui Ripples" of the Quchi. The Yupan Pavilion Corridor, Zhiyu Sill, Qixing Bridge, Hanbi Pavilion and Qingyu Corridor are built around the water and complement the rockery. The garden has towering trees, whirling bamboo shadows, desolate outline, simple and quiet. With its ingenious borrowing of scenery, superb stone stacking, exquisite water management, and sophisticated architecture, it is unique among Jiangnan gardens.
Generally speaking, the success of Jichang Garden lies in its "natural mountains, exquisite water, condensed garden, ancient trees, and ingenious scenery." No wonder Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty visited this place many times and wrote poems repeatedly, which shows their love and appreciation. The Garden of Harmonious Interests in the Summer Palace in Beijing and the Kuoran Grand Duke (later also known as Shuanghezhai) in the Old Summer Palace were both built after the Jichang Garden in Huishan, Wuxi.
[Edit this paragraph] Historical evolution
Jichang Garden is also known as "Qin Garden". During the Yuan Dynasty, the site of the garden once housed two monks' houses, named "Nanyin" and "Nanyin". "Residence". During the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty (1506-1521 AD), Qin Jin, a descendant of Qin Guan, a famous poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, a Jinshi in the sixth year of Hongzhi, and a former minister of the Ministry of War in Nanjing, purchased the "椤房" of the monks' residence in Huishan Temple and built it in the original monks' residence. The foundation site was expanded, the mountains were built, ponds were dug, flowers and trees were transplanted, villas were built, and a garden was named "Fenggu Xingwo". There are many ancient trees in the garden, with a pier leaning against them. This pier was built by Zhou Chen, the governor of Jiangnan, in the 10th year of Zhengtong (1445 AD) in order to improve the feng shui of Huishan Temple. When the garden was completed, Qin Jin wrote a poem: "I have stayed in the famous mountain, and I have built a row of nests. The winding stream is surrounded by secluded rocks, and the long pines are blooming with green flowers. The peaks are high and I can see the bird crossing, and the paths are secluded and few people pass by. Qingmeng Spring In the sound, why listen to Yuke?" After Qin Jin's death, the garden was inherited by his nephew Qin Han and his son Qin Liang, the governor of Jiangxi. In the summer of the 39th year of Jiajing (AD 1506), Qin Han "renovated a garden at the foot of Huishan Mountain", and the name of the garden was also called "Fenggu Villa".
After the death of Qin Liang, the garden was owned by his nephew, Qin Yao, the right deputy censor of the Metropolitan Inspectorate and the governor of Huguang. Qin Yao was a member of the Donglin Party. In the 19th year of Wanli (AD 1591), Qin Yao was dismissed from his post and returned to his hometown because his teacher Zhang Juzheng was prosecuted. After returning to Wuxi, he was frustrated with the government and returned to his hometown. He was depressed, so he sent The feeling of depression was in the mountains and rivers, so the garden was renamed "Ji Chang Garden" based on Wang Xizhi's poetic meaning of "Ji Chang Shan Shu Yin". Wanli composed twenty scenes, and Qin Yao composed poems for each scene.
At the end of the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Kangxi period, Qin Dezao, the great-grandson of Qin Yao, renovated it. Zhang Lian (also known as Nanyuan) and his nephew Zhang Shi, who were famous gardeners at that time, were invited to carefully arrange the garden, arrange the mountains and waters, dredge springs and stack stones, and make the garden landscape more beautiful. Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong each visited this garden during their six tours to the south. This was the heyday of Jichang Garden. During the early Yongzheng period, Qin Dezao's eldest grandson, Qin Daoran, was imprisoned due to involvement in court struggles. The garden was deprived of its official position and the southwest corner was cut off to build the Wuxi County Chastity Temple.
In the first year of Qianlong's reign, Daoran's third son, Qin Huitian, passed the imperial examination and entered Zhinan's study. The next year, Daoran was released from the "Chen Qing Biao" and the garden was returned. Qin Ruixi, the second-brother's grandson of Dezao, the richest in the Qin family, invested 3,000 taels of silver to continue the construction, independently reformed, and preserved the ancient garden. Great work.
In the eleventh year of Qianlong's reign, the clan argued that "the garden pavilion is a place for sightseeing after all, and a family ancestral hall must be built before it can be immortalized", so the Jiashu Hall in the garden was changed into the "Shuangxiao Temple". Jichang Garden is the public property of the ancestral hall, so it is also called "Xiaoyuan". In the last year of Xin Dynasty (AD 1751), Qianlong made his first southern tour and designated Jichang Garden as the place where he visited. He was so pleased with its tranquility that he returned home with a picture and built a replica of "Huishan Garden" at the northeast foot of Wanshou Mountain in Qingyi Garden in Beijing, which is now The "Garden of Harmony" in the Summer Palace. During the Xianfeng and Tongzhi years, most of the buildings in Jichang Garden were destroyed by war and were slightly repaired later. In 1952, descendants of the Qin family dedicated the private park to the country for protective restoration. The original Zhenjie Temple was also incorporated into the garden, which is now the "Bingli Hall" group of small courtyards. Later, the Nine Lions Picture Stone was successively rebuilt, Jiashu Hall, Mei Pavilion, Linfan Pavilion, etc. were rebuilt.