Is the spotlight in the living room and bedroom useful? Not a vase, is it?

classification of lighting lamps

There are many classification methods of lighting lamps, such as classification by purpose, classification by luminous flux distribution ratio recommended by CIE, and classification by dust-proof, moisture-proof and electric shock-proof grades. Among them, the classification by use has been described in the fascicle of Consumer Guide, and the other classifications will be described in this fascicle.

Classification of lamps and lanterns recommended by CIE (indoor lighting)

According to the recommendation of CIE, lamps and lanterns are divided into five categories according to the proportion of luminous flux in the upper and lower space: direct type, semi-direct type, fully diffused type (including direct-indirect type with little horizontal light), semi-indirect type and indirect type.

(1) Direct lighting luminaire

Most of the luminous flux (9-1%) of this kind of lamps directly shines below, so the utilization rate of luminous flux of lamps is the highest.

(2) Simi-direct lighting luminaires

Most of the luminous flux of these luminaires (6-9%) is emitted to the lower hemisphere space, and a small part is emitted to the upper part. The component emitted to the upper part will reduce the hardness of shadows generated by the lighting environment and improve the brightness ratio of each surface.

(3) Diffused lighting luminaires

The upward and downward luminous flux of lamps is almost the same (4%-6% respectively).

The most common is the milky white glass spherical lampshade, and other closed lampshades with various shapes that diffuse and transmit light also have similar light distribution. This kind of lamp casts light evenly in all directions, so the utilization rate of light flux is low.

(4) Simi-indirect lighting luminaire

The downward light flux of lamps accounts for 1%-4%, and its downward component is often only used to produce brightness commensurate with the ceiling. Too much or improper distribution of this component will also produce some defects such as direct or indirect glare.

a translucent cover with an open top falls into this category. They are mainly used as architectural decoration lighting, because most of the light is cast on the ceiling and the upper wall, which increases the indirect light in the room and makes the light softer and more pleasant.

(5) indirect lighting luminaire

A small part of the light flux (below 1%) of the lamp is downward. When well designed, all the ceilings become a lighting source, achieving a soft and shadowless lighting effect. As there is little downward light flux of the lamps and lanterns, as long as the layout is reasonable, the direct glare and reflected glare are very small. The light flux utilization rate of this kind of lamps is lower than that of the previous four kinds.

noun phrase

luminous efficiency of lamps

The ratio of the total luminous flux output by lamps to the total luminous flux emitted by all light sources in lamps is generally expressed as a percentage.

distribution of luminous intensity of lamps

It is called light distribution curve or light distribution curve to express the light output intensity distribution value of lamps in all directions in space by curves or tables, which is an important characteristic parameter to characterize lamps.

glare

In a lighting environment, when the brightness of a light source or object is much larger than the brightness that the eyes have adapted to, people will feel dazzling or dazzling. This phenomenon is called glare.

glare can cause discomfort or/and reduced visibility. The former is called discomfort glare, and the latter is called disability glare.

lighting-eyes at home

if there are no lamps in the family, it is like people without eyes, and families without eyes can only live in the dark, so the position of lights in the family is very important. Nowadays, people call lighting lamps lighting. From the appellation, people can see that lamps are not only used for lighting, but also for decorating rooms.

Choosing lighting with a scientific eye

Room lighting is of great significance to human life. It not only ensures people's daily life, culture and entertainment, housework and so on, but also brings a peaceful and comfortable atmosphere to family life with its beautiful shape, color, pattern, artistic effect and interior decoration.

At present, the market of lamps is extremely rich in varieties, with ever-changing shapes and different performances. The aesthetic feeling of lamps is very important, and lamps with beautiful colors and good shapes can bring people a sense of pleasure. Because the lighting fixture is an organic part of the whole room decoration, its style, material and illuminance should be unified with the indoor function and decoration style, and the lighting fixture should be purchased according to this principle. Its ultimate goal is to make all kinds of light-receiving objects around the lamps evenly distributed, so that people's visual functions can play a good role. Because people's eyes are not fixed, they often follow one another. If the brightness distribution of indoor decorative lighting lamps is too large, it may bring brilliant brightness to people in a short time, and it will cause visual fatigue for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to scientifically purchase lighting lamps according to the use function of each part of the room.

There are living rooms, study rooms, living rooms, bedrooms, kitchens, bathrooms and hallways in general. Because of their different functions, they need different light sources. Choose different lamps according to different room functions.

the arrangement of lamps and lanterns in the living room should be conducive to creating a stable, generous, warm and warm environment, so that guests can feel at home. Generally, a single or multi-head chandelier can be installed in the center of the room as the main light. If there is a banner calligraphy and painting hanging on the back wall of the sofa, two wall lamps of appropriate size can be installed on both sides of the calligraphy and painting, and a floor lamp can be placed beside the sofa. This kind of lighting arrangement is stable and generous, and the light source can be selected according to different needs. The lights can be put on at the beginning, and the room will be full of brightness, or a single light can be put on alone, which will help us talk about the past.

The study room is a place for family members to work and study, which requires high illumination. General work and study lighting can use local lighting lamps, and incandescent lamps with higher power are better. The main lighting can be single-fork chandelier and fluorescent lamp, and the position is not necessarily in the center, but can be decided according to the specific indoor conditions. The shape and style of lamps should not be too gorgeous, and it is better to be elegant and beautiful, creating a quiet, quiet and comfortable environment for people to read.

A simple bedroom is a place for people to sleep and rest. It should give people a quiet and leisurely feeling, and avoid dazzling light and dazzling lamps. A hanging main lamp can be installed in a proper position in the room, and a bedside wall lamp can be installed at the bedside. If it is a multi-purpose bedroom, a ceiling fluorescent lamp can be installed in the center of the room, and two wall lamps can be installed in the key places where illumination needs to be increased. These lamps are controlled by switches respectively to meet different needs.

Restaurants are places where people eat, and the dining table requires horizontal illumination. Therefore, it is advisable to use lamps with strong downward direct illumination or pull-down lamps, so that they can be pulled down to a height of 6-7 mm above the table. The lamps are generally located directly above the dining table. In order to increase appetite, incandescent lamps with a capacity of more than 6 watts are used. Sometimes restaurants have other functions, so it is necessary to have multiple sockets as the power supply for desk lamps and floor lamps.

The kitchen is a place for cooking and washing tableware, which is generally small in area, and most of them use general lighting on the ceiling, with a capacity of 25-4 watts. Modern kitchens are equipped with range hoods above the cooktop, generally with 25-4 watt lighting lamps, which greatly improves the illumination above the cooktop. In modern kitchens, there are many cabinets above the cooking stoves for cutting vegetables and preparing meals, and local lighting can be installed under these cabinets to increase the illumination of the operation desk.

the bathroom should use bright and soft lamps, which should be moisture-proof and not easy to rust, and the light source should use incandescent lamps with high color rendering index. When using the wall lamp, install the lamp on the wall perpendicular to the curtain, so as not to reflect the shadow on the window. When using the ceiling lamp, avoid installing it on the bathtub directly covered by steam. The power of wall lamp or ceiling lamp should be 4-6 watts.

lighting installation should conform to the lighting principle

the room lighting is not just to illuminate the room, but to do it according to certain principles, so as to have good decorative effect and reflect the lighting function.

first, lighting must ensure the realization of different lighting required for various activities. Writing, games, rest, meeting guests, etc., no matter what kind of activities, there should be corresponding lamps to play a role. This kind of lighting should be a scientific light distribution, so that people do not feel tired, which is not only beneficial to eye health, but also saves electricity.

second, the lighting should set off the room more beautifully. Light irradiation should take care of the outline, level and main image of everything in the room, and also reflect and even beautify the colors of some special furnishings such as ornaments, hanging pictures, carpets, vases, fish tanks, etc.

thirdly, the lighting should be reliable and safe. Lamps and lanterns are not allowed to leak electricity, fire and other phenomena, but also to turn on as soon as they are turned on and turn off as soon as they are turned off.

the position of the light source is important in lighting, but the key to choosing this position is what you want the light source to illuminate. First of all, people, the most important part of people is the face. The light projected from different angles will make people's faces have different expression effects. If people stand directly under a chandelier, direct downward illumination will make people's faces indifferent and serious. If a light shines on the face from bottom to top, it will be even worse, and the face will become horrible and even fierce. Therefore, in the living room, dining room, sofa group and other places where people meet frequently, it is impossible to use direct upward or downward lighting. If direct illumination is adopted, that is, the light is projected from the upper side, which will make the facial contour lines rich and clear; If diffuse lamps are used and scattered light is used to project the face, a clear and amiable image will be obtained. The second is to illuminate the furniture, which depends on what effect you want to achieve. If it is a brand-new combination furniture, it should highlight its color and outline, and multi-light source lighting can be used to achieve the effect of few shadow parts of the furniture. As an integral part of decoration, lighting must arrange light sources and their positions according to different types.

Bedrooms in China often have multiple functions, such as living room, study room, dressing room and so on. Changing clothes requires uniform light to illuminate from the front of the person, so as to get a clear image in the mirror. Therefore, the light source cannot be placed behind the human brain. If you want to make up, you should also set up auxiliary lights on both sides, so that every hair on your face can be clearly seen. Reading and writing requires a writing desk lamp, and the indoor light can be darker and softer during sleep. But people who have the habit of reading in bed before going to bed, it is best to adjust the brightness and angle of the bedside lamp. The simple way is to install two lights, one bright and one dark.

The living room has many functions, such as meeting people, chatting, watching TV and listening to music. If there is a small bar next to the family audio-visual center, you can also have drinks here. Don't expect a chandelier to solve all the problems. When there are many people, you can use chandeliers, wall lamps and the like to obtain comprehensive lighting and even astigmatism. When two or three people have a heart-to-heart talk, floor lamps or wall lamps can be used to partially illuminate the coffee table in front of the sofa, instead of illuminating the people involved in the heart-to-heart talk. When the audio-visual center is used, only a small 3-watt lamp is needed as the background light in the living room to get some weak lighting.

If there is a hall in the house, it's worth decorating, because it can best affect a person's mood. As soon as you step into the house, if the hall is bright and lively, people who have worked all day will suddenly feel refreshed and tired when they are in the arms of their families. This requires the installation of embedded cylindrical ceiling lamps on the flat roof of the hall. When one is not enough, several lamps can be installed, and the color is better. If you are a family who loves art, you can make the walls and ceilings of the foyer and corridor dark, and embed a few small lights, which makes people feel unfathomable, and when you step into the room, it will be a hole in the sky. Of course, although this is chic, it may not be acceptable to everyone, because most people are used to following the rules.

The dining room is different from the kitchen. It's better to install a ceiling lamp for overall lighting in the kitchen, and set another spotlight on the stove for easy operation. Dining room is a place where people eat. Both East and West attach great importance to lighting effects here. Westerners pay attention to quiet dining, and the indoor light is softer and darker; And China has always been proud of his exquisite cooking, which is absolutely indispensable to the appreciation of the color of the dishes, which requires that the lights must be bright. In order to give consideration to both, it is suggested to adopt a stretchable hanging lamp. Not only can the height of the lamp be freely determined by the telescopic line, but the large lampshade with red or other beautiful colors will also increase the appetite. Houses usually put bathtubs in the bathroom, so the lighting in the bathroom is nothing more than taking into account the functions of both. When taking a bath, you only need simple global lighting; When you wash your face and make up, you need side light to illuminate your face. When washing clothes, you need to see if the clothes in the washing machine are clean and need local lighting. Therefore, the bathroom only needs two lamps, one is the main lamp, which can be a wall lamp or a ceiling lamp, and 25-4 watts is enough. The other lamp is equipped with an 8-watt fluorescent lamp above the washbasin, and it can also be used as a newly listed H lamp or other lamps.

The lighting for the elderly should be bright. A little brighter can dispel loneliness and increase the sense of security. Generally, 4-6 watt incandescent lamps are enough. Children should try to choose lively lamps in shape, and their brightness can be determined according to the actual use function. The desk lamp for reading and writing is 4 watts, so don't use fluorescent lamp, because its flicker with AC power will stimulate the nerves. The lights during the game can be brighter to illuminate the whole room and make the rich colors in the room more beautiful. When sleeping, you can turn on a special 3-watt ever-burning lamp, which not only solves the problem that children are afraid of the dark at night, but also solves the problem of getting up conveniently in the middle of the night.

lighting and lamps-a pair of sisterhood

The choice of lamps is often a difficult problem in decoration. Nowadays, there are many novel lamps on the market, such as round, square, flat, hanging, hanging, embedded, orange-red, milky white and transparent ... which one is suitable for

1. Modeling

The modeling of modern lamps. Some gorgeous bling chandeliers, animal-shaped wall lamps, and luxurious ceiling lamps with fine lines are all developed after the 18th century palace lamps. This kind of lamps is suitable for social occasions with large space, which can bring a dazzling sense of luxury to the house. Other modern lamps with unique shapes, such as spotlights, bull's-eye lamps and embedded downlights, belong to innovative lamps, and there is also a kind of practical lamps, that is, the usual fluorescent lamps, tricolor energy-saving lamps, writing lamps, floor lamps and bedside lamps belong to traditional common lamps. The modelling of these three types of lamps should be serialized as far as possible in the overall selection. People who like magnificence should choose the first kind of flashy lamps; Those who pursue innovation can choose the second kind of lamps with unique shapes; And practical lamps are indispensable, and they should be close to the upper choice when selecting, because the current practical lamps are also divided into antique and innovative.

2. Color

The color of lamps should obey the color of the whole room. Because the lamp itself emits light, it