How to adapt to changing situations skillfully?
A foreign hotel owner tested three male candidates and asked: "If you accidentally open the door and see a female guest taking a shower, and she also sees you, what should you do?"
A replied: "Say 'I'm sorry' and close the door and exit." No title, although concise, does not meet the professional requirements of a waiter, and it does not help both parties get out of trouble.
B replied: "Say 'I'm sorry, Miss'. Then close the door and exit." The title was accurate but inappropriate, which actually deepened the passenger's sense of embarrassment.
C replied: "Say 'I'm sorry, sir'. Then close the door and exit."
As a result, C was hired. Why? Because of his adaptable speaking skills, he maintained the dignity of the passengers, was extremely decent and witty, and showed the professional qualities and adaptability that a waiter should have.
There are 6 ways to cleverly adapt to changing circumstances:
1. Error signaling
Error signaling is one of the techniques for successful speaking. People talk and talk and always try to avoid making mistakes. However, in some cases, intentionally mispronounced words and wrong words can have miraculous effects, enriching the expressiveness of language and making people's conversations more brilliant. Wu Qingzhao, who hosted the "China and West Daily" in the United States at that time, talked about Yuan Shikai in a speech. He said: "Yuan Shikai only did one thing in his life that was of great benefit to China." The listeners were stunned and eager to know what it was. Only then did he reply that this was a matter of great benefit to China: "That is to say, he died - absolutely died, and died at a very timely time." He died at a very appropriate time. This wise remark made everyone present Everyone smiled knowingly.
2． Homophonic method
Smartly using homophonic method when speaking can turn the ordinary into magical and achieve unexpected dramatic effects. There are roughly several forms of application of the homophonic method:
(1) Homophonic expression
Using the homophonic relationship of a certain word in the conversational language, you can euphemistically express your opinion on something. manner.
When Zheng Banqiao of the Qing Dynasty was the magistrate of Weixian County, he arrested a villain nicknamed "Local Snake". Because the villain's uncle and uncle were Jinshi in the same discipline as Zheng Banqiao, they came to the house with wine and food all night to plead for mercy. At the banquet, Jinshi proposed to make a drinking order, picked up a domino with the official name "Qing" engraved on it, and chanted word by word: "When there is water, it means Qing, and when there is Yuanshui, it means Qing. When there is no water, it means Xinben." "Nian Jing." Zheng Banqiao corrected him: "Brothers are different. We should not worry about it anymore." Jinshi was overjoyed when he heard this. Zheng Banqiao suddenly felt that he had been tricked, and then said loudly: "Alcohol can change the heart, and this has been made clear since ancient times. As a seventh-grade orderer, Lao Zheng does not recognize alcohol but recognizes it." Seeing this, the two people had to leave . Here, the Jinshi cleverly used homophonic pronunciation to plead for mercy, while Zheng Banqiao cleverly used homophonic changes to express his attitude of being an official with integrity and never showing favoritism.
(2) Homophone conversion
This refers to converting the homophony of keywords into words with another meaning, and using the new semantics to cover up the original semantics.
In 1772, Emperor Qianlong was worried about who should be in charge of compiling the "Sikuquanshu". Bachelor Liu Tongxun recommended Ji Xiaolan to him who was far away in Xinjiang. Therefore, Qianlong issued three imperial edicts to summon Ji Xiaolan to Beijing. When he went to court the next day, Qianlong called Ji Xiaolan and said, "Ji Aiqing, I want to play a couplet with you. I wonder if your couplet skills in Xinjiang have improved in the past few years?" Ji Xiaolan understood that the emperor was looking for excuses to test him again. Then he said: "I obey the order."
"Okay! I said 'two plates of beans'." Qianlong spoke.
“I said ‘a cup of oil’.” Ji Xiaolan followed closely. ,
"I said 'two butterflies fighting in the forest.'" Qianlong used homophony to secretly change the concept.
"I said 'a gull swimming on the water'." Ji Xiaolan followed suit.
"People say that 'the south of the Yangtze River is rich in mountains, waters and talented people.'" Qianlong raised another topic.
Ji Xiaolan immediately saw through Qianlong's intention. After thinking for a moment, he said: "I said, 'One day, one place, one saint in the North Country'."
When Qianlong heard this, he laughed. Ji Xiaolan was immediately awarded the title of Chief Compiler of "Sikuquanshu".
(3) Homophonic irony
Using the homophonic method, you can satirize ugly phenomena and characters that are inconvenient to explain clearly. In the Song Dynasty, there was a man who liked to chew words and recite poems and compose poems. Later, he heard that Ouyang Xiu was famous for his poetry and prose. He was very unconvinced and wanted to see what happened. Halfway through, he saw a dead tree. He became very inspired by poetry and recited two lines: "There is an old tree in front of the door with two big branches.
"I wanted to continue chanting, but I couldn't think of any words. By chance, Ouyang Xiu came from behind, so he added a few sentences for him: "In spring, moss becomes leaves, and in winter, snow becomes flowers. The man looked back and saw that he was an old man, so he said, "Old man, I didn't expect you could also compose poetry. Let's go visit Ouyang Xiu together and see how capable he is." "So they went on the road together. There happened to be a group of ducks jumping into the water by a river embankment. The man chanted: "A group of good ducks, jump into the river together." After hearing this, Ouyang Xiu added two more sentences: "White hair floats on the green water, and red palms stir the clear waves." Later, they crossed the river together, and the man began to compose a poem in the cabin: "The two of them boarded the boat together to visit Ouyang Xiu." Ouyang Xiu then added two more sentences for him: "Xiu already knows you, but you still don't know how to cultivate (ashamed)." ”
(4) Homophonic counterattack
Using the homophonic method, you can cleverly counterattack certain disrespectful words and deeds. Yang Guozhong, the favorite minister of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, always hated Li Bai’s talents. I wanted to ridicule him. Legend has it that one day, Yang Guozhong came up with a way to ask Li Bai to do the three-step sentence. As soon as Li Bai came in, Yang Guozhong said: "How do two monkeys cut trees in the mountain? "Saw" is a homologue of "sentence", and "monkey" alludes to Li Bai. After hearing this, Li Bai smiled slightly and said: "Please prime minister to start. If you can't match within three steps, I will lose." "Yang Guozhong wanted to take three steps quickly, but as soon as he took one step, Li Bai pointed at Yang Guozhong's feet and shouted: "The horse is stuck in the mud, let's see how the beast comes out!" "Hoof" is a play on "title", which matches neatly with the first couplet. Yang Guozhong wanted to take advantage, but was humiliated by Li Bai instead. As soon as he raised his feet, he was ridiculed as "a beast with hoofs", which made him very embarrassed.< /p>
(5) Questions about homophonic criticism?
In special circumstances, if you are unwilling to criticize explicitly, you can use the homophonic method to achieve the effect of euphemistic criticism. In Jiang Zilong's novel "The Personnel Director", Regarding "awards and awards", there are a few jingles: "Awards and awards, no one talks; awards and awards become more and more rigid; awards and awards take turns; awards and awards become equal awards." "The words "award" and "flat award" in the last sentence are homophonic. The author uses them like this to show that the award evaluation is unreasonable and has become an egalitarian big pot. These two homophonic words are used very cleverly.
(6) Homophone persuasion
There will always be disputes and unpleasant things of one kind or another in life. If you use the homophony method, you can harmonize interpersonal relationships.
There lived a family named Huang in a mountain village. Mr. Huang was very superstitious and attributed all temporary difficulties to poor Feng Shui. He often complained: "My neighbor to the east is named Chen, and my neighbor to the west is named Chen. How can my family survive?" 'Shenchen' things are attacking from both sides! "So, he wanted to drive others away, and often had conflicts and conflicts with his neighbors. Later, he couldn't drive away, so he cursed and wanted to move out by himself. Many people tried to persuade him, but to no avail. Fortunately, a clever peasant woman persuaded him to stop him. The peasant woman advised him this way: "Don't blame your niece for talking too much - why are you so stupid? If it were me, I wouldn't move away from this blessed nest even if I beheaded! "One sentence made the old man stunned. The woman continued: "You said that the neighbor to the east is Chen, and the neighbor to the west is also Chen. Do you know what 'Chen' they are? "The old man couldn't answer for a while. "Let me tell you, they are the ministers of civil and military officials. You have civil ministers on the left and military ministers on the right to protect you, the Yellow Emperor. As long as you have A lot, the good days are still to come, don’t worry!" The old man felt happy after hearing her explanation, and he happily accepted her opinion.
3. Method of Enlightenment
"Guo Ting Lu" of the Song Dynasty records: Sun Shan, a funny talent, went to the civil service examination with a son from his hometown, and Sun Shan got the last place in the examination. After Sun Shan returned home, the fellow countryman asked Sun Shan whether his son had passed the exam. Sun Shan did not answer directly, but imitated Ouyang Xiu's poem "Traveling on the Shasha", "Wherever the flat grass ends, there are spring mountains, and pedestrians are more frequent." The sentence "Outside of Spring Mountain" reads the following two lines of poetry: "The place where the name is known is Sun Shan, and the virtuous man is outside Sun Shan." It means: "Your son failed the exam." From then on, people became famous. The absence of a name on the list is said to be "famous".
Here, Sun Shan's answer used the rhetorical method of "indication". He cleverly transformed the sentences in Ouyang Xiu's Ci and expressed his meaning euphemistically and humorously.
The so-called enlightenment method is to process and transform other people's words or poems, sentences, proverbs, fables, etc. according to the needs of language expression, so as to create new meanings for your own use. In oral communication, the attunement method is a widely used artistic effect.
In practical application, there are mainly four expression methods of point-taking method:
(1) By analogy
This method refers to changing the logical form of the original words and making analogies. Imitation. For example, when Chairman Mao talked about some comrades crying because of their ratings, he inspired the old novel that "men don't shed tears easily, but they are not yet rated", and he kindly satirized the kind of people who put personal interests higher than others. All comrades. For another example, when the teacher talked to the students about the need to cultivate eloquence based on profound knowledge during teaching, he said: "The poet Du Fu said: 'Reading thousands of volumes, writing is like a spirit.' If we want to cultivate eloquence, we should also Read, read good books. Only by "reading thousands of books" can you "speak like a hanging river". "The teacher made analogies and analogies to Du Fu's poems, which helped students understand the problem.
(2) Use the opposite meaning
This method is to use the original meaning. Use the words contrary to their meaning and create new meanings to make the thoughts expressed more profound and meaningful. For example, in the speech "You Want a Career and a Life", college girl Zhou Yi explained with full passion that female college students must be ambitious. , capable, want both career and life. The last sentence of the speech is: "Comrades, we go our own way; weak, your name is not a woman!" "The last sentence is a hint of the famous saying in Shakespeare's "Hamlet": "Fragility, your name is woman." "Zhou Yi uses the opposite meaning here, reflecting that women in the new era dare to challenge traditional customs and have an enterprising spirit of high spirits and constant self-improvement. From the perspective of language expression, it also appears concise and powerful, inspiring and touching, and at the same time rich.
(3) Turning problems into gold?
This method is suitable for subtly changing the words of the opponent to ridicule oneself, and then using them to retaliate against the other party. For example, Premier Zhou was negotiating with the Kuomintang reactionaries in Nanjing. Within a few rounds, he completely refuted the enemy's fallacies. Debate is like "playing the harp to a cow." Premier Zhou smiled lightly, took over the conversation slowly, and said: "Yes... playing the harp to a cow." "He made a big pause after the word "right", thus comparing the enemy's clamor to "playing the harp". Premier Zhou used a little trick to turn stone into gold, using the enemy for our own use, fighting fire with fire, which can be called a wonderful counterattack.
(4) Introduce the old and bring out the new
Sometimes, some old fables and allusions are processed and transformed, and new ideas with practical significance can be discovered, turning decay into magic, and bringing out the new. The conversation was unique. For example, in early January 1958, Chairman Mao had a long late-night talk with several scholars from Shanghai in Hangzhou. When talking about Song Yu's "The Lustful Ode of Deng Tu Zi", Chairman Mao couldn't help but humorously said: "Deng Tu Zi Luo Lu". Zi married an ugly daughter-in-law, but his disciple Zi was always loyal to her. He abided by the "marriage law" as an example, but Song Yu said that he was lustful. Song Yu's method was to attack one point and not be as good as the rest. "Here, Chairman Mao reversed the case for Dentuzi and pointed out that Dentuzi's attitude towards love is worth learning from today's people, which gave this old fable a new meaning and made the conversation interesting.
In short, the clever use of enlightenment when speaking can make the conversation more novel and meaningful, elegant and interesting, and the words are sharp and profound. It can add to the artistic charm of speaking like Lu Dongbin's "Medicine" in the myth.< /p>
4. Reversing the word order can enhance the semantic meaning and make the conversation more profound. Reversing the word order can change the semantic meaning and make the conversation develop in a favorable direction. Zeng Guofan was suppressing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. At that time, he suffered several setbacks and suffered repeated defeats. He planned to ask the emperor to reinforce the army, so he drafted a memorial as a "note" for the interview. When talking about his military achievements, he had to admit that "a master has been defeated repeatedly." After reading this memorial, he felt that it was inappropriate. He thought hard about "repeated battles and defeats" for a long time. Suddenly, he had an idea and changed the positions of the words "war" and "defeat", so that "repeated battles and defeats" became "repeated battles and defeats". "Continuous defeats and repeated battles" thus changed the meaning of this sentence substantially. "Repeated defeats and repeated battles" showed incompetence; "continuous defeats and repeated battles" showed infinite bravery. The next day, the emperor listened to Zeng Guofan. After hearing the words "I have been defeated and fought again and again", Long Yan was delighted, thinking that he would never die in the face of failure and would never give up. From then on, his fortune was shining brightly, his image was great, and he was continuously favored by the emperor.
It shows that under certain circumstances, using the method of reversing word order can better express what people want to express.
There was an interesting anecdote when Bernard Shaw visited Shanghai. The weather in Shanghai had been very gloomy for those few days. When Mr. Lin Yutang accompanied Bernard Shaw for a walk in the garden, the weather cleared up and the cool sunshine shone on them. Mr. Lin Yutang said: "Mr. Xiao "You are so lucky that you can see the sun in Shanghai." But Bernard Shaw said: "No, it is the blessing of the sun that you can see Bernard Shaw in Shanghai."
5. Implication method
Implication is also a contingency method. A tour guide in Penglai, Shandong Province was guiding eight Japanese guests. After telling the story of "The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea," a Japanese guest asked: "Where did the Eight Immortals drift across the sea?" This is a difficult question that no one has ever verified. When the tour guide saw the eight Japanese guests in front of him, he suddenly had an idea and replied: "I think that in order to develop the friendship between the people of China and Japan, the Eight Immortals crossed the sea and crossed to Japan!" When the Japanese guests heard this, they laughed happily. . The tour guide's answer cleverly connected the scene in front of him, the coincidental numbers (eight immortals crossing the sea, 8 guests) along with the guests' questions and the friendship between the Chinese and Japanese people.
The emergency art of involving people according to the situation can indeed effectively help people get out of difficulties. However, it must be noted that the "involvement" must be natural and the "connection" must be clever. It cannot be far-fetched, otherwise it will Self-defeating.
6． Baiting method
Bad questioning is a kind of question that is deliberately asked to the other party in order to attract the other party to think about one's own problems, induce the other party to accept one's point of view, or elicit the other party's hidden point of view. Talking skills. When Mencius criticized King Xuan of Qi for not being able to govern the country, he used the trick of asking questions. Mencius met King Xuan of Qi and asked three questions during the conversation: "Suppose you have a minister who entrusts his wife and children to a friend to take care of him, and then goes to the state of Chu. When he comes back, his wife and children are starving and freezing. , What should we do with such a friend? "King Xuan of Qi replied: "Then break up with him." Mencius asked again: "What if an officer who is a judge cannot manage his subordinates well? What should we do?" "Then remove him from office." Mencius asked again: "Then, what should a king do if he cannot govern the country well?" This question made King Qi Xuan do it. It was easy to answer, so I had to hesitate and talk about other things to get out of the dilemma.
The superb speaking skill of Mencius is that he did not ask the third question first, but set up two questions first. The first two questions served as a foreshadowing to induce King Xuan of Qi to answer in the affirmative, and finally asked what should be done. Dispose of a monarch who cannot govern a country. King Xuan of Qi was in trouble and was struggling to deal with it, so he had to "look at him and talk about him". If King Xuan of Qi gave a negative answer to the third question, then he was actually denying his previous positive answer. Wouldn't it be a slap in the face for himself!
So, baiting is a sharp weapon. When used wisely, it can tightly hold the opponent's "nose" and make him submit.