Information about Shandong immigrants
In the early years of Hongwu, the central and eastern parts of Shandong were the most densely populated areas in the north, comparable to southeastern Shanxi. Therefore, Jiaodong does not have a large number of immigrants moving in. On the contrary, immigrants are exported to the western part of the province and even other areas. This is why there are few immigrants in Jiaodong and Shanxi, because it is an area of population migration.
During the Yongle period, the population in other areas of Shandong increased, but the population growth in Jiaodong slowed down. The reason is not yet known. At this time, Yunnan had been pacified and garrison soldiers arrived. But the number is not as high as the proportion stated in the family tree.
In the early years of Yongle, this period was also the period when Jiaodong exported a large number of people. Although King Zhu Di of Yan raised troops in Beijing, not all people in Hebei supported him. The Battle of Jingnan by King Yan ended in southern Hebei and The war in northern Shandong was the most intense. After Zhu Di came to power, he massacred the eastern and southeastern parts of Hebei that had opposed him (the legendary "King of Yan swept the north"), and then moved the population from other provinces here, choosing densely populated areas. One is southeastern Shanxi and the other is eastern Shandong. King Lu of Shandong once defeated Zhu Di's army, so Shandong suffered heavier taxes in Yongle, and the Tang Saier Uprising soon broke out. Nowadays, in Tianjin, Hengshui, and Cangzhou in Hebei Province, there are many records of Shandong immigrants recorded in the shops. Some people even think that the counties and cities below Tianjin are more generous than the people in the city because their ancestors are from Shandong.
As for Shandong, after the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, it was suppressed by the southern regime. This can be seen from the "Nanmanzi broke Feng Shui" recorded in the family tree of the "Liu family of Changle", and the family tree of the Wen Deng Cong family. There are very similar statements, and there is also a branch-continuation genealogy that avoids ancestors. It was not made public until many years later in the Qing Dynasty, resulting in many mistakes. It can be seen how tense the climate was at that time. This is also similar to the saying "Zhu Yuanzhang killed Shandong" spread in Shandong.
The prosperity of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties must have been suppressed by the Ming Dynasty. This can be compared to the history around 1949.
When the "Muping County Chronicle" was compiled in the Republic of China, the "Ming Dynasty immigrants" were already questioned. The recent investigation when compiling the "Rushan City Chronicle" put forward the view that the indigenous surnames "in order to seek clan protection, were added to the Ming Dynasty in the late Yuan Dynasty" They were among the large families with the same surname who moved into the country in the early Ming Dynasty." If compared with the above analysis, it makes sense.
The first is the brutal rule of the Yuan Dynasty. Since the Song Dynasty, Shandong has been in constant war. First there was the Shandong peasant uprising in the late Northern Song Dynasty, and then there was the struggle against the Jin Dynasty. Not long after the Jin people's rule in Shandong was consolidated, another Jin-Yuan war broke out. After the Yuan Dynasty unified China, it implemented ethnic discrimination policies, and the Han people were at the lowest level of society. The cruel national oppression and crazy economic plunder by the Yuan Dynasty government and the local classes of Mongolia and Han resulted in slow population growth in Shandong. According to statistics, the population of the northern provinces in the Yuan Dynasty was only 1/5 of that in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
The second is the peasant uprising in Shandong at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. After the Red Scarf Army uprising broke out at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, all parts of Shandong responded one after another. In 1357, Liu Futong sent the Northern Expeditionary Army from Haizhou (today's Lianyungang) to the Shandong Peninsula via the sea route. They first captured Jiaozhou, then Laizhou, and occupied Yidu Road. The Red Scarf Army and the Yuan Dynasty government forces waged a tug-of-war in Shandong for four years. As the war raged, various parts of Shandong suffered great damage, displaced people, and caused social disorder.
The third is immigration. As Shandong's economy suffered heavy losses at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang implemented a policy of recuperation and recuperation. Compared with Luxi, which was "thousands of miles away", Jiaodong suffered less trauma at that time. Therefore, in the 25th year of Hongwu (1392), the Ming government moved more than 5,600 households from Denglai Prefecture to Dongchang Prefecture. In the 28th year of Hongwu's reign, another 1,500 households moved to Dongchang from Qing, Deng, Lai and other places, causing a further decrease in the population of Jiaodong.
It is clear from this that the immigrants at that time were the targets of the suppressive dictatorship of the rulers at that time. It was not until the Qing Dynasty that they dared to recognize their ancestors!
In the 25th year of Hongwu (1392), the Ming government moved more than 5,600 households from Denglai Prefecture to Dongchang Prefecture. In the 28th year of Hongwu's reign, another 1,500 households from Qing, Deng, Lai and other places moved to Dongchang, totaling more than 7,100 households. After Zhu Yuanzhang's death, his eldest grandson Zhu Yunwen (i.e. Emperor Jianwen) succeeded to the throne and decided to reduce the vassal status. Zhu Di, the king of Yan in Peiping, took the initiative and marched towards Nanjing in the name of the Qing emperor. This was the "Battle of Jingnan". During the Battle of Jingnan, Zhu Di fought against Emperor Jianwen's army in Shandong and won many times. Zhu Di plundered people and burned grain and grass in Shandong. In the end, due to the stubborn resistance of Shandong Chief Secretary Tie Xuan (who is worshiped by Tiegong Temple in Daming Lake in Jinan today) and the support of the Shandong people, Zhu Di was defeated in Dongchang and was forced to retreat north.
Two years later, Zhu Di bypassed Jinan and conquered Nanjing to ascend the throne, becoming the founder of the Ming Dynasty. During the "Battle of Jingnan", the looting and massacre of the Yan army was very serious. In the "History of Ming Dynasty" alone, it is recorded in many places that the Yan army "beheaded 30,000 people" and "beheaded tens of thousands, and drowned more than 100,000 people." During this four-year war, Shandong was the main battlefield and its social economy was severely damaged. Especially after Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty came to the throne, he carried out a retaliatory massacre in Shandong. The reason was that Zhu Di and Emperor Jianwen's army fought in Shandong. Zhu Di was defeated in Dongchang and was forced to retreat north. After he took the throne, he retaliated against Shandong.