What are the hazards of high uric acid?
1, gouty nephropathy
Persistent hyperuricemia, 20% have clinical manifestations of nephropathy. After several years or more, renal tubules and glomeruli may be damaged successively, and a few develop uremia. The incidence of urate nephropathy is second only to gouty joint damage, and it is closely related to the course of disease and treatment. Studies have shown that urate nephropathy has nothing to do with the severity of gouty arthritis, that is, patients with mild arthritis may also have nephropathy, while patients with severe arthritis may not necessarily have renal abnormalities. Early mild unilateral or bilateral low back pain, followed by mild edema and moderate hypertension. Urine is acidic, accompanied by intermittent or persistent proteinuria, generally not more than++. Almost all of them have decreased renal tubular concentration function, resulting in nocturia, polyuria and low relative density of urine. After about 5- 10 years, the nephropathy worsened, and then developed into uremia, and about 17%-25% died of renal failure.
2. Nodular tumor
Also known as gout nodule, it is a white crystal precipitated in a certain part of the body due to the excessive increase of blood uric acid and exceeding its saturation. Just like when the salt content in a glass of salt water exceeds a certain limit, white deposits will appear at the bottom of the glass. Where precipitated crystals are deposited, stones may appear. Gout patients can form tophi in almost all tissues except the central nervous system. Some tophi are invisible to the naked eye, but white needle-like crystals can be seen under a polarizing microscope. These tiny crystals can induce the onset of gouty arthritis, and can also cause the destruction of articular cartilage and bone, fibrosis of surrounding tissues, and lead to chronic joint swelling and pain, stiffness and deformity, and even fractures. Some tophi are deposited on the body surface, such as around the helix and joints, which we can see with the naked eye. There are also some tophi deposited in the kidney, causing kidney calculi and inducing renal colic.
3, kidney disease
About 20% ~ 25% of patients with primary gout have kidney calculi, and about 85% of them are uric acid stones. Renal colic and hematuria can occur when stones are large. Because uric acid stones can be detected by X-ray, they need to be detected by nephrography. About 20% ~ 40% patients can have intermittent proteinuria in the early stage. Renal insufficiency is often caused by interstitial nephritis or late kidney calculi's disease. In addition, gout patients are often accompanied by hypertension, obesity, arteriosclerosis, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease and so on.
4, leading to joint tissue fibrosis, and even necrosis.
High uric acid leads to joint tissue fibrosis and even necrosis, mainly because uric acid enters the joint soft tissue of human body with blood, which leads to urate precipitation and joint pathological phenomena. Clinically, patients with high uric acid will basically have decreased joint activity and different degrees of fibrosis, and it is also easy to cause fractures.
5, leading to gout.
Gout is a group of diseases caused by the disorder of purine metabolism, which leads to the increase of serum uric acid. It is caused by the long-term high uric acid and the deposition of uric acid in joints and kidneys. Lesions often invade joints, kidneys and other tissues. The onset age is mostly over 40 years old, and the prevalence rate increases with age. The ratio of male to female is 50: 1. Most gynecological diseases are postmenopausal women, and they often occur in spring and autumn.
Gout patients will have joint numbness, severe pain, swelling and other symptoms, skin fever, dark red and other obvious indications.
6, lead to a stroke
Uric acid is too high can affect endothelial cells, hinder the balance of nitric oxide in narrow blood vessels, and lead to the blockage of cells in the inner wall of blood vessels, thus causing a stroke. Therefore, people with high uric acid must pay attention to avoid the harm of stroke. In daily life, patients should take low purine food as the standard.
7, conditioning method
1, vegetarian
But not all vegetarians should eat more, such as purple eggplant, Shanghai green, lettuce and lotus white. Don't eat spinach for vegetables, and then all beans should be eaten less or not. Eat more fruits, lemons, etc. All kinds of fruits are composed of carbohydrates, which make the body alkaline and have positive effects, especially eating more cherries can reduce uric acid.
2. Control the intake of low-protein diet
We should control the intake of low-protein diet every day, give gout patients 0.4-0.5g protein per male, control the daily total protein at about 40g, and appropriately limit the intake of fish and beans.
3. It is forbidden to eat foods with high purine content.
It is important to ban foods with high purine content, such as fish and seafood containing fresh animal viscera. Gout patients should eat more foods with less purine content, such as milk, eggs, bread, cucumbers and tomatoes. So as to reduce exogenous purine from entering the body, reduce the level of serum uric acid and control the total calories.
Step 4 eat high-carbohydrate foods
In addition, it is necessary to give priority to foods containing high carbohydrates, and the main components of rice, flour and grains are carbohydrates. Therefore, gout patients should give priority to these foods in their daily diet to ensure calorie supply.
Step 5 limit fat intake
For patients with high uric acid, it is necessary to control the intake of fat. If the total fat intake of gout patients is about 50 grams per day, it is recommended to pay attention to vegetable oil and eat less animal fat.
6. Prohibition of alcohol
Alcohol is easy to accumulate lactic acid in the body, inhibit uric acid excretion and easily induce gout; Therefore, people with high uric acid must abstain from alcohol. It is absolutely forbidden to add seafood to beer. Beer itself contains alcohol, which will affect the excretion of uric acid, and in the process of alcohol oxidation, some substances will be produced, which will increase uric acid. Besides banning alcohol, we should also drink less coffee and tea.
7. Drink plenty of water
Water is an important part of human body, and drinking more water is better. Gout patients should drink plenty of water, thus diluting the concentration of uric acid in the body, which is beneficial to uric acid excretion and preventing the formation of stones. In addition, while drinking plenty of water and diuresis, when choosing drinking water, we should pay attention to the degree and not drink too much.
8. Keep going
Aerobic exercise can improve the nutritional level and immunity of human body, prevent overweight and obesity, reduce insulin resistance, control blood sugar, help excrete redundant acidic substances in the body, and relieve the pain of gout patients.
Patients with high uric acid can choose some aerobic exercises with low exercise intensity, such as walking, brisk walking, cycling and swimming. And avoid high-intensity sports, such as ball games, mountain climbing, jumping, etc. In addition, in high-intensity exercise, the joint bears great stress on its weight, which is easy to cause mechanical damage to connective tissue, which will cause urate crystals on the surface of joint synovial bursa to fall off, leading to gout symptoms.