How to deal with hot weather? Listen to the opinions of experts.
How to deal with hot weather? Listen to the opinions of experts.
Author: Yuan Source: Guangming Daily Editor: Yang Xue
Experts explain extreme weather in detail.
On July 22nd, the Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue the high-temperature orange warning: due to the subtropical high, there will be high-temperature weather above 35℃ in the eastern part of northwest China, Huanghuai, eastern and southern Sichuan Basin, Jianghan, Jianghuai, Jiangnan and northern South China in the next three days. Among them, on the 22nd, the highest temperature in parts of central and southern Shaanxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan and Chongqing reached 37℃ ~ 39℃, and the local temperature exceeded 40℃.
As of July 22nd, the Central Meteorological Observatory has issued a high temperature warning for 16 consecutive days. So, from the climate point of view, is this year's hot weather abnormal? How should the public face the continuous high temperature weather? How long will this hot weather last in the future? The reporter participated in "Chatting with Scientists" organized by China Meteorological Bureau, and interviewed Ai Wanxiu, chief climate service officer of National Climate Center, Niu Ruoyun, chief weather forecast office of National Meteorological Center, and Professor Lin Tian, School of Public Health of Capital Medical University, asking them to explain in detail.
The hot weather this year is global.
Reporter: Is this year's hot weather extreme? Does this have anything to do with global warming?
Ai Wanxiu: One of the characteristics of high temperature this year is "coming early". Take Beijing as an example. In fact, the high temperature in Beijing exceeded 35℃ at the end of April. By May, 40℃ high temperature weather appeared in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia. In fact, this year's hot weather is extreme, but it is not unique to China. Extreme high temperature weather is obvious throughout the northern hemisphere. In addition to China, extreme high temperatures have also occurred in Europe and North America. Portugal also caused mountain fires due to high temperature weather, and there was also a high temperature heat wave in Los Angeles. In summer, people are affected by high temperature and heat waves for longer and longer, which is inseparable from the background of global warming. In addition, with the dense urban population, a large number of automobile exhaust emissions have enhanced the "heat island effect". Generally speaking, people will face hotter and hotter weather.
Niu Ruoyun: Another feature of the recent high temperature weather in China is that there are high temperature weather in the north and south. Especially in the hot weather process from July 9 to July 13, the temperature in some places in Xinjiang, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Hebei even exceeded 40℃, and the highest temperature in Turpan, Xinjiang reached 49℃. At present, the hot weather in many places in the south continues and will continue until the end of July.
Reporter: There has been a continuous high temperature weather process in the north and south this year. What is the reason behind it? What are the characteristics of the distribution of hot weather in summer in China in recent years?
Ai Wanxiu: This is closely related to the advance of monsoon rain belt from south to north in China, and also related to the location of subtropical high. The time of high temperature in the south is generally when the monsoon rain belt pushes northward and the subtropical high control appears. In the future, the subtropical high will extend northward, the monsoon rain belt will push northward, and the high temperature weather in the north will gradually weaken.
What are the healthy summer ways?
Reporter: In hot weather, people will have various ways to escape the heat. Some people go to the mountains, some people go to the seaside, and some people are in their air-conditioned rooms. What are the healthy summer ways? In the face of such hot weather, do we have any other better methods?
Lin Tian: How to spend the summer healthily, the public should first understand the influence of high temperature weather on human body. The most common is heatstroke, that is, in hot weather, the body suddenly sweats, and then feels chest tightness, nausea and fatigue. At this time, it is necessary to consider whether it is heatstroke; In addition, the number of patients with hot colds will increase, because in summer, people are greedy for cold, eat a lot of iced things, like to turn on the air conditioner, which is easy to catch a cold and the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases is also high; For the elderly and infirm, hot weather may cause a series of respiratory infections, such as bronchitis and pneumonia. In hot weather, the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases will also increase. In addition, in extremely hot weather, the solar radiation is relatively strong, and the probability of sunburn and even dermatitis will increase.
How should the public respond? The first is to minimize going out in hot weather, especially for some special people, such as pregnant women, the elderly, children, patients with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; If you want to go out, try to avoid the hottest time at noon. You can wear an umbrella, a hat, loose cotton light-colored clothes and some sunscreen. Some cooling measures can be taken indoors, such as sprinkling water, ventilation, turning on the electric fan, etc., and the air conditioning time should not be too long. In addition, you must replenish water and drink more boiled water in summer. Some people who stay outdoors for a long time, such as sanitation workers, drivers, traffic police, etc., are suitable for supplementing light salt water, because people will lose a lot of salt when sweating, so they should be replenished in time.
I still have a few suggestions. Don't blow the air conditioner, drink cold drinks and take a bath immediately when you go home after going out, which is easy to catch a cold. Don't turn on the air conditioner and blow the electric fan directly when sleeping; It is best to prepare some medicines for heatstroke prevention and cooling at home, such as wind oil essence and Huoxiang Zhengqi water.
Reporter: What should I do if I have heatstroke? What are the specific characteristics of colds, who are more prone to this symptom, and how to deal with it?
Lin Tian: There are two kinds of heatstroke in medicine, mild heatstroke and severe heatstroke. Generally, people will feel sick and chest tightness when suffering from heatstroke. Generally, there is no need to go to the hospital. First, send the person to a cool and ventilated place, and then give him some salt water, and the symptoms will disappear. If it is severe heatstroke, you should go to the hospital, such as insufficient water and sodium caused by excessive sweating, extremely high body temperature, coma and so on.
The common cold is a summer cold. Common symptoms are nasal congestion, runny nose, dizziness, general fatigue and so on. For example, when the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is very large, blowing air conditioning as soon as you enter the room may immediately cause symptoms of nasal congestion. Some special people, such as pregnant women, infants, the elderly, patients with chronic diseases, especially patients with hypertension, are prone to catch a cold and need to take the above heatstroke prevention and cooling measures.
At high temperature, people's feelings are related to humidity.
Reporter: In hot weather, sometimes the temperature people feel is inconsistent with the weather forecast of the meteorological department. For example, the highest temperature may be 34℃, but people will feel very uncomfortable. Why is this happening?
Niu Ruoyun: Generally speaking, the weather forecast of the meteorological department has a specific observation environment, which is moderately ventilated, so that the somatosensory temperature of ordinary people is sometimes inconsistent with the temperature announced by the meteorological department. How hot people feel is generally the somatosensory temperature, which, as the name implies, is the temperature felt on the surface of the human body, sometimes muggy and sometimes dry and hot. At the same temperature, if the humidity is high, people will feel very hot; If you are in a well-ventilated environment, you won't feel so hot. Hot weather, high humidity in the south, like "sauna", and the feeling of "roasting" in the north. There is also the surface temperature, which may be much higher than the weather forecast.
Lin Tian: That's true. People feel uncomfortable in sultry weather, mainly because when it is sultry and sultry, the environmental humidity is high, and it is difficult for the human body to dissipate heat through sweating; Moreover, the air flow is very small in hot days, and the oxygen content in the air will be less; When people lack a little oxygen in hot weather, they feel uncomfortable and irritable. If the wind is strong and hot, people will feel cool when the wind blows and the air flows.