There are mice at home. I heard from friends that mice are afraid of turtles. I wonder if it's true. Is there any way to put the old one ...
First of all, it is very important to cut off the food of mice. In addition, if the food is misplaced, mice will also have cockroaches.
Then buy rodenticide. It's very useful. The mice that attack for the first time are all killed at once, but you must pay attention to cleanliness, because mice will not die near food, they will die in hidden places behind some furniture. In short, you should take this opportunity to clean up the whole family and mend it after it is too late. Think about why there are mice in your house and how to prevent them from coming in again.
Method 1: Rat poison-when there are children and small animals at home, change the method!
Method 2: mousetrap-there must be bait, and you can bring some rat poison on the bait! Watch out for the children!
Method 3: sticky mouse board-you must press a corner with a heavy object and put bait, which is usually sold in grocery stores. Very useful!
Method 4: electronic mouse repellent-it can emit ultrasonic waves. The mice can't stand this ultrasonic wave and run away!
Method 5: Rat trap-then find a cat, hee hee!
The existing rodent control methods can be roughly divided into four categories: instrument method, drug method, biological method and ecological method. Judging from the requirements of rodent control in epidemic areas, poison bait is the most widely used in drug control, and various rodent control measures in ecological method are very important to reduce the incidence of population. All methods should learn from each other's strong points and make comprehensive use of them. The criteria for selecting and evaluating rodent control methods are as follows: ① the effect is good, which can reduce the density of rodents to a very low level; (2) quick response and timely control of diseases; (3) high work efficiency, which is conducive to large-scale simultaneous action; (4) saving expenses, which can be widely promoted; ⑤ When there is little direct contact between human and mice, the accidental infection rate of HV is low.
1. Instrument deratization method
The advantages of instrument deratization are: ① it is safer for people and animals and does not pollute the environment; ② Simple and easy to implement, and easy to popularize; ③ Dead rats or live rats can be obtained for monitoring or research, which is also conducive to reducing the occurrence of corpse odor. The disadvantages are as follows: ① the effect of using the same mousetrap together decreases rapidly; ② Low working efficiency; ③ The density of residual rats is high; (4) The effect varies greatly with the proficiency of users.
In the rodent control work in epidemic areas, mousetraps are often used as tools for density investigation, rodent control effect evaluation and inspection data acquisition. After poison bait is used to kill rats, it can also be used to consolidate the results of rodent control.
1. 1 common mousetrap
(1) mousetrap: There are many types of mousetraps widely used. Usually, the board or iron plate is the main body, and the mouse touching the bait hook is tied with iron wire ring by using the elasticity of the spring sodium wire. When catching rats, the model of rat trap should be determined according to the size of the object to be caught. Large Rattus norvegicus should be used to catch Rattus norvegicus, and medium Apodemus agrarius can be used to catch Rattus norvegicus. If a large mousetrap is used to catch rats, it is advisable to add a wire in the middle of the wire ring. The mousetrap with bait board can be used without bait, and the bait board can be placed on the mousetrap.
(2) Rat cage: it is a common tool for catching live rats, made of iron wire, nail boards or bamboo tubes. The cage is rectangular or round. The mesh of the wire cage should be less than 0.5 cm. The capture rate of rat cage is low; However, some mousetraps can catch rats continuously and are suitable for use in places with dense rodents. Because live mice are caught, the problem of parasite escape of mice is not as serious as that of mousetraps.
(3) Electronic cat: There are many models, all of which are high-voltage (1000V or above) power grids, but the current is very small. When in use, put the wire cloth in the place where mice must pass or often go. The wire is off the ground 1~3cm, so it must be tightened. After the net is laid, there will be someone on duty. After the electronic cat sends out the hit light and electric signal, it will immediately catch the comatose mouse and handle it properly. For the sake of safety, it is forbidden to pull bare wires directly from lighting or power supply to catch rats.
(4) Rat-sticking board: A high-molecular polymer or other high-viscosity colloid is coated on the cardboard, and the cloth is placed in the place where rats move, so that rats stepping on the rat-sticking board can be stuck.
There are many kinds of mousetraps, but no matter which one, it should be suitable for the ecological characteristics of the main object and our work requirements, and the pertinence should be improved.
1.2 Use of mousetraps: For mousetraps that need bait, fresh bait should be selected, and those that are easily available locally but urgently needed or used by rats should be updated regularly. Mouse traps should be placed in places where mice often move or feed, and some must be placed in holes. When laying indoors, such as along the wall, the cage mouth or clip end should be at right angles to the wall. In order to overcome the new reaction of domestic mice, bait can also be used instead of support, and the mice can support the mousetrap after adapting.
In order to improve the effect of catching mice and reduce the density of residual mice, more mousetraps should be placed centrally at the same time, and even various baits should be colored for mice to choose food. When rats can't be caught for several days, the mousetrap can be removed. Avoid being left empty for a long time.
The mousetrap should be placed before the peak of mouse activity. If it does not interfere with non-target animals, it can also be placed continuously and checked regularly. Camouflage the mousetrap properly if necessary. However, in order to improve the effect, the mousetrap should not be cleaned after catching rats, nor should it use unpleasant disinfectant. If you want to consider disinfection from the perspective of disinfection, try to use tasteless disinfection method, otherwise it will affect the sensitivity of mousetrap (such as high temperature treatment of mousetrap will damage the spring).
2. Drug deratization method
Both enterotoxin and fumigation poison can be used to kill rats. Enterotoxin is often used as bait, and its main advantages are: ① good effect, usually killing more than 80% mice; (2) high efficiency, suitable for large-scale simultaneous action; ③ Less expenditure; ④ Easy to use, etc. The main disadvantages are: it may injure non-target animals or pollute the environment. The main advantages of fumigation and rodent control are: ① quick response, suitable for emergency treatment in epidemic areas; (2) There is little contact between human and mouse and their ectoparasites, which will not lead to the spread of diseases; ③ Safe for non-target animals. The main disadvantages are: high cost, low work efficiency, and inability to use it everywhere.
2. 1 poison bait method to kill rats
(1) Common rodenticides: At present, there are acute and chronic rodenticides used in intestine. Acute rodenticide or quick-acting drug can take effect only once; As a chronic rodenticide or slow-acting drug, several Tian Ru drugs need to be taken continuously to be effective. Chronic drugs are widely used because of their good effect and safety to non-target animals.
According to national regulations, only rodenticides approved and registered by relevant state departments can be used, and it is illegal to use rodenticides that are explicitly prohibited or unapproved.
1) Zinc phosphide: This product is a gray-black powder with garlic flavor, soluble in water and lipophilic. It is stable when drying, but slowly decomposes under the influence of moisture, and reacts quickly with inorganic strong acid to release phosphine gas. It mainly acts on the nervous system and destroys Xie. After poisoning, mice lose their appetite and mobility, often paralyzing their hind limbs and then dying. This is a quick-acting medicine.
The oral LD50 of zinc phosphide to various mice is between 20 and 50 mg/kg, and the toxicity to different animals is not different, but birds are slightly sensitive. Generally, it will not be absorbed through the skin, and it is not easy to accumulate and produce drug resistance. Because of its special smell, it is easy to cause rejection, so it is not suitable for continuous use.
It is palatable to mice, and the effect is often satisfactory when used for the first time. It will cause secondary poisoning, but people are not easy to eat by mistake.
2) Poisonous rat phosphorus: white powder or crystal, insoluble in water, slightly soluble in benzene and ethanol, soluble in dichloromethane. The pure product has no obvious smell and is relatively stable in dry state. When it enters mice, it inhibits cholinesterase in nerve tissue and red blood cells, leading to excessive accumulation of acetylcholine, exciting smooth muscle, inhibiting cardiovascular system, increasing gland secretion, narrowing pupils, and increasing heart rate and blood pressure.
Its LD50 is between10 and 20 mg/kg for many kinds of mice, but as high as 1800mg/kg for chickens. It can be absorbed by sensitive animals through the skin, and its effect has a incubation period of more than ten hours, but it dies soon after onset. There is cumulative poisoning, and the risk of secondary poisoning is lower than zinc phosphide.
It has good palatability to mice, little individual difference in toxicity, and is not easy to cause antifeedant and drug resistance. The overall effect is good.
Its analog, bromotetramine, is similar to bromotetramine in physical and chemical properties, toxicological effects and rodent control efficacy.
Other acute drugs used for rodent control, such as fluoroacetamide and tetramine, have been banned, and other unapproved drugs may not be used.
3) Rodenticide: white or colorless crystal, insoluble in water, soluble in alkaline solution to form sodium salt. Odorless and tasteless. It is a typical chronic drug, and its toxicity is related to the number of times it is taken. Once you take the medicine, you can only kill rats if the dose is quite large. When taking drugs for many times, although the total amount of each drug is much lower than that of one drug, it can also kill rats. It destroys the blood coagulation ability of rats, damages capillaries and causes internal bleeding, leading to anemia, blood loss and eventually death. Its effect is slow, the death peak is 4~6 days after taking the medicine, and a few people die after 20 days. Increasing the dose does not accelerate the death accordingly.
4) diphacinone sodium salt: it is khaki crystal or powder, pure and tasteless, soluble in ethanol and acetone, slightly soluble in boiling water, and stable in nature.
Trichlorfon is yellow and insoluble in water. Its toxicological effect is basically the same as rodent control.
The toxicity of diphacinone sodium salt to rats is stronger than that of rodenticide, especially the difference of acute and chronic toxicity is far less than that of rodenticide. Therefore, the feeding times can be reduced. But its palatability is not as good as rodenticide.
Diphacine sodium is less toxic to chickens, ducks, cattle and sheep, more toxic to cats, rabbits and dogs, and more toxic to people, so it is not as safe as rodenticide.
5) Rodenticide: This product is microemulsion white crystal or powder, odorless and tasteless, insoluble in water, slightly soluble in benzene and ether, soluble in acetone and ethanol, and relatively stable. Its toxicological effect is similar to that of rodenticide, but it still has a good killing effect on rodenticide-resistant mice.
Rodenticide is more toxic than rodenticide and has a wide effective spectrum, which is suitable for domestic wild rats. Good palatability and good effect, but not safe for poultry.
6) DDVP: This product is yellow needle-like crystal or powder, tasteless, insoluble in water, soluble in acetone and ether, and also soluble in vegetable oil. Relatively stable. Toxicological effect is similar to rodenticide, but the toxicity is stronger, and the difference between acute and chronic toxicity is smaller. Because of its acute toxicity, it can reduce the times of administration and is suitable for the field. Safe for people and animals, and good palatability for mice. Its oil solution is often used as poison bait.
The above four chronic drugs are all the first generation anticoagulant rodenticides. The following chronic drugs are the second generation products:
7) Bromadiolone: white crystal or powder, odorless and tasteless, almost insoluble in water, soluble in acetone and ethanol, relatively stable. Its main function is similar to that of rodenticide, but it can kill rats that are resistant to rodenticide. Strong toxicity, especially acute toxicity, can reduce the number of times of administration, and the speed of action is still close to that of the first generation of drugs. Can be used for domestic mice and wild mice. It tastes delicious and poses little threat to cats, dogs and pigs, but poultry are very sensitive to it.
8) Dalong: This product is yellow-white powder, odorless and tasteless, insoluble in water, soluble in acetone, ethanol, etc. , stable in nature. Its effect is similar to that of rodenticide, but it can kill rats resistant to rodenticide.
The acute toxicity and chronic toxicity of clofenuron are very strong, the difference is small, the target spectrum is wide, the palatability is good, and the feeding times can be reduced. Because of its acute toxicity, the danger to poultry and livestock has also increased.
9) Kill it: It is white powder, similar in toxicity and biological activity to Dalong, and can effectively kill drug-resistant rats. Acute and chronic toxicity is strong, palatability is good, and intermittent feeding can be used to save poison bait. Safer for cats and chickens.
(2) Bait and additives: Whether the bait is a favorite food for rodents is directly related to the rodent control effect. At present, there are several kinds of bait widely used: ① Whole grains or their fragments, such as wheat, rice, buckwheat, sorghum, millet, broken corn and so on. This bait is mainly added with rodenticide by sticking or soaking. Cereals should be fresh, not aged for many years. In hot or humid seasons, it is best to use "live" grains such as wheat instead of "dead" grains such as rice. The former is not easy to grow mildew, and even if it germinates, it has little effect on palatability. ② Grain flour, such as corn flour and flour, is mainly used to make mixed bait. Fish meal can also be added to grain flour to improve palatability. Such bait should also be kept fresh; (3) compressing particles, that is, mixing various powders according to a certain proportion and pressing into strip particles, which can often be used as bait; (4) Melons, vegetables or fruits, such as sweet potatoes, carrots, watermelon peels, cucumbers and apples, are mainly used to attach poison bait and have been used now; ⑤ Waxing the grain flour: After the grain flour is stirred evenly, it is poured into the melted wax to make a wax block poison bait, which can be used in wet places.
In order to improve the palatability of the bait, in addition to keeping it fresh, 1%-3% vegetable oil, or 0.5% salt, 0. 1% monosodium glutamate, 3%-5% sugar or 0. 1% saccharin, a small amount of fish meal and a small amount of milk powder can be added to improve the rat's palatability. It should be pointed out that there is no "universal" mouse attractant at present.
Other additives used in the preparation of poison bait, such as warning color, should also be acceptable to mice. At the same time, in order to avoid eating by mistake, it is not appropriate to use the colors commonly used in food.
(3) Preparation of poison bait: Besides using reliable commercial poison bait, self-made poison bait should also be strictly required in the following three aspects: ① Rodenticide, bait and adhesive must meet the standards. Do not use rodenticide with insufficient content and excessive impurities, bait that is not fresh or disliked by mice, and additives that affect palatability; ② Mix the bait evenly, so that the rodenticide and bait are mixed evenly. When using low concentration rodenticide, the rodenticide should be made into mother powder or mother liquid first, and then mixed with bait; ③ The concentration of rodenticide should be moderate. For chronic drugs, increasing the concentration does not improve the speed of action.
The most commonly used preparation methods of poison bait are adhesion, mixing and waxing.
Grain poison bait is usually prepared by adhesion method. For example, when preparing 2% zinc phosphide wheat bait, take wheat, dust it, remove impurities such as stones and wheat stalks, weigh 10kg, put it in a seed dressing device, and pour in 200g of vegetable oil. Rotate the seed dressing device to make the medicine adhere to wheat evenly, add 50- 100g vegetable oil, and then rotate for a while.
Granular bait is usually prepared by mixing. For example, when preparing 0.025% diphacinone sodium salt granular bait, firstly, make the medicine into 0.5% mother powder, mix it with powdery bait, add a proper amount of water (generally about 55%-65% of the weight of bait), make wet noodles, squeeze them into strips by machinery (meat grinder or granular feed machine), cut them into sections, and dry them in the air or use them after drying.
The wax bait used in wet places is usually prepared by wax addition molding. For example, to prepare 0.0 1% bromadiolone wax bait, the bromadiolone and bait can be mixed evenly by adhesion method or mixing method until the concentration is 0.0 154%, and then the wax block equivalent to 35% of the total amount of bromadiolone and bait is melted, poured into the bait with drugs, mixed evenly, poured into a mold, cooled and solidified before use.
After the bait is prepared, it should be packed in a special package with obvious signs, indicating the name, main components and content, purpose and dosage, production date and unit, address, etc. Don't use the packaging of other items.
(4) Poison bait: Poison bait should be administered by trained personnel. Scribing contract, responsibility to people. The specific distribution mode should be adapted to local conditions and aimed at the activity characteristics of rodents. Common feeding methods are:
1) hole feeding: it is suitable for wild rats with obvious holes and domestic rats in rural houses in northern China. This method can ensure that rats encounter poisonous bait. The poison bait is put in or outside the hole about 10cm away from the hole. In the wild, avoid the floating soil at the mouth of the cave to prevent the bait from being buried. 0.5- 1.0g for acute bait, 20-30g for first-generation chronic drug and 5- 10g for second-generation chronic drug. When rats have more holes and fewer holes, the dose should be increased.
2) Release according to rat tracks: it is not easy to find rat holes in most areas, but the activity location is easy to determine, so poison bait can be released according to this method. Some rat holes are not obvious, but the main activity places are known, and they can also be released according to this law. The dosage of poison bait should be slightly higher than that of acupoint throwing; The number of bait piles depends on the density of rats. For Mus musculus, the number of piles should be increased, but the amount of poison bait per pile can be reduced. The effect of using this method to throw poison bait is closely related to the professional level of the baiter and the understanding of the rat situation.
3) Equidistant release: it is mainly suitable for rodent control in open field, and can also be used for rodent control in big warehouse and large workshops. In the field, according to the chessboard method, a pile of poison bait is placed at a certain distance in each row or column, and the row spacing and column spacing are not necessarily equal, generally 5- 10m or 20m. Indoor, throw a pile of poison bait every 10m or 20m along the wall root. The weight of each bait is similar to that put in the hole.
4) Even feeding: This method is suitable for use when the density of rats in the field is high, and it can be fed by machinery or aircraft. This method is efficient, but it consumes a lot.
5) Strip poison bait: it is used to kill wild rats, and the poison bait is spread in a straight line or curve shape at regular intervals according to the sowing form. The acute drug dose is 1.0- 1.5g/m, and the chronic drug dose is1.5-3.0g/m. The distance between strips depends on the species of mice, and is generally wider than 20m. In farmland area, it can be distributed by ridge.
6) Poison bait packaging and poison bait box: Granular or granular poison bait is sealed and packed in small plastic bags, which can prevent moisture and insects before rats bite the bag. Whether indoors or outdoors, it can be used in wet or rainy season.
In key epidemic areas, poison bait boxes or feeding stations can be promoted. Their functions are: ① to reduce and avoid people and animals eating by mistake; (2) extending the applicable period of poison bait; (3) Providing hidden feeding places for rats and increasing feeding opportunities; (4) Relieve the concerns of the householder. It is suitable to put poison bait for a long time and control the density increase.
Bait boxes can be made from local materials, and the design structure varies with rats. Wood boards, fiberboards, bricks, adobe, cartons, bamboo tubes, cans and hollow bricks are all acceptable.
Generally speaking, it is relatively large, with two opposite entrances, close to the wall and close to the ground. Rats eat the poison bait in the box more slowly than it is completely exposed, but it is more stable than that outside the box after starting to eat. The adaptation period of rats made of bricks and blanks is short, that of rats made of wood and fiberboard is short, and that of rats made of plastic board, iron sheet or glass is short. But generally it should not exceed 5 days. If no mice enter after 5 days, the position should be changed. After putting the box, Qin Ying should check it and replenish fresh bait in time. After the density of rats drops, check to supplement or replace the poison bait once a month. When killing wild rats, the feeding station should be located in places frequented by rats, and should be inspected and supplemented regularly.
Besides poison bait, intestinal rodenticide can also be made into poison water, poison powder or poison paste for use.
3. Poisonous gas killing rats: There are two kinds of poisonous gas killing rats: one is a general chemical fumigant; The other is smoke agent, which is only used in the wild.
(1) aluminum phosphide: this product has been processed into gray-green tablets, 3g each. When in use, the container is opened, the tablets are taken out and quickly thrown into the rat hole, and the hole is immediately blocked. When aluminum phosphide meets water vapor in the air or moisture in the soil in the cave, it will release phosphine immediately. Generally, a mouse hole only needs a piece of aluminum phosphide.
Calcium phosphide releases phosphine when it meets steam, which also has a strong rodent control effect and can be used according to the usage of aluminum phosphide.
(2) Chloropicrin: This product is a colorless oily liquid with strong irritation. Its specific gravity is greater than that of water, and it is easily soluble in ether and ethanol. , but insoluble in water. When in use, it is poured on carriers (such as dried cow dung, old cotton, fine sand, hay bales, etc.). ), put it in the hole and plug it. Generally, each hole is 3~5ml.
(3) Smoke-generating agent: generally composed of combustion improver, fuel and main medicine. 20%~30% sodium nitrate is commonly used as combustion improver, sawdust, pulverized coal and cow dung as fuel, and main medicine is added. Combustion improvers can also be used to add olefin substances without adding main drugs. After burning, it can produce a lot of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, which makes rats suffocate and die. When in use, the floating soil in the tunnel is cleared, the smoke agent is ignited, and quickly thrown into the tunnel to block the hole. Generally, 20~30g is put in each hole. The fire source must be strictly controlled when manufacturing and using smoke generating agent. Fuzes for igniting smoke can be made according to the formula of firecrackers, and incense, rotten wood or sunflower stalks can be used to ignite the fire.
4. Biological rodent control method
The organisms used for rodent control include not only natural enemies of various rodents, but also pathogenic microorganisms and parasites of rodents. The latter is easy to cause immunity, the effect is not good, and it is rarely used. The World Health Organization basically holds a negative attitude towards microbial rodent control.
The evaluation of natural enemies by rodent control in epidemic areas is different from that of general rodent control. As far as domestic cats are concerned, the rat density can only be reduced by 1/3 to 1/2. Because of the high density of mice, cats can take away infected mice and their ectoparasites, which increases people's chances of getting sick. Cats themselves can take poison and detoxify from urine, so cats are not advocated in epidemic areas. For wild natural enemies such as eagles and snakes, we should try our best to protect them, prohibit hunting, provide them with habitats as much as possible, and supplement them with food when necessary to reduce the chance of secondary poisoning. However, because the number of natural enemies is far less than that of rats, and their rat catching activities belong to a long-term type, it is impossible to quickly reduce the density of rats in a short time. Therefore, only natural enemies can not meet the requirements of disease prevention, and can only be used as an auxiliary means.