Understand the progress of Japanese history

Main projects: Paleolithic Age in Japan

The confirmed human history on the Japanese archipelago can be traced back to about 654.38 million+years, even 30,000 years ago. About 34,000 years ago, stone tools called knife-shaped stone tools came from northern China and were widely used in the whole archipelago. But about 20,000 years ago, the Neolithic, known as the fine stone blade, came from Siberia and mainly spread in East Japan. For a time, the fine stone knife culture in East Japan coexisted with the knife-shaped stone tool culture in West Japan, and soon the fine stone knife also spread in West Japan. About 15000 years ago, the traces of knife-shaped stone tools quickly disappeared.

About 65438+2000 years ago, due to the end of the last ice age, it began to heat up sharply, which caused great changes in people's culture and life. Except Ryukyu Islands, the whole island has entered the next rope age.

Rope pottery

[Editor] Rope Age

Main item: rope age

About 12000 years ago, it began to be called the rope age. It can be divided into six periods: early stage, early stage, middle stage, late stage and late stage. At this time, people made rope pottery and settled in the early days. Most of them live in semi-basement houses (vertical caves). Use bow and arrow hunting, shellfish burial fishing, plant collection and other commercial life, use stone tools, grinding stone tools, bone horns and so on.

It is also cultivated, and rice is planted in the later period to the next year.

[Editor] Yayoi Era

Main project: Yayoi era

The period from the 8th century BC to the 3rd century BC is called the Yayoi period. The name of time division comes from Yayoi pottery, which is regarded as the representative of this period. The farming society centered on rice cultivation spread rapidly from northern Kyushu to all parts of the Japanese archipelago.

According to the form of pottery, it can be divided into three stages: the first, the middle and the last stage. In the early stage, it expanded from Kyushu to Feng Jingen (East Japan was still at the end of the rope pattern era), and in the middle stage, it expanded to Northeast China. The early flat-edged stone axe in Kitakyushu is similar to the mainland culture in terms of ground stone tools, bronzes and stone tombs. Yayoi culture has advanced farming techniques from the beginning, which is generally considered to be influenced by Korean immigrants. After the middle period, irrigation technology has been improved and agricultural production has gradually stabilized. In the later period, iron farm tools became popular and stone tools basically disappeared. Bronze ritual vessels, such as bronze priests, bronze swords, bronze spears and bronze daggers, are developed, and social division of labor such as ironmaking and salt making has emerged. Through trade and war, a unified political regional group was formed. At this time, Hokkaido can't grow rice, and it is still in the stage of rope culture.

At that time, the Japanese archipelago was called Japan and Japan by China.

See:

Wonu Wang Haibao

Japanese

[Editor] Tomb Age

(300-600 AD)

Main projects: Yamato Age and Tomb Age.

The ancient tombs in Daxianling (round graves before and after) prevailed in the era of building ancient tombs. Ancient tombs, large and small, centered on Nara Prefecture, are scattered in a vast area from Fukushima Prefecture in the north to Kumamoto Prefecture and Oita Prefecture in the south. In the 5th century, it expanded from Miyagi Prefecture to Kagoshima Prefecture. Ancient tombs only buried tribal leaders and were built by tribal members.

In the 5th century, primitive ownership began to disintegrate, and extended families developed into production units and movable property ownership units, which led to conflicts of interest within primitive tribes. Since the middle of the fifth century, the civil war between powerful tribes in Guinea has intensified. Some powerful tribes are related to the mockingbird tomb and the ancient city tomb where the five kings of Japan appeared. In the sixth century, the emerging forces of the system of succession to the emperor unified the tribes in the east of the capital and established the status of the king. Kitakyushu forces, led by MICHELLE Iwai's construction, had hoped to gain a similar status and resist, but this resistance had been defeated before obtaining this status. During the civil war, local leaders granted tribal members the right to build small ancient graves to enhance their combat effectiveness. Therefore, in the second half of the 5th century, the ancient grave, which used to be only the head tomb, evolved into a small ancient grave (cluster grave). This trend further developed in the 6th century. More than100000 ancient tombs have been built all over Japan. The main part of the ancient tomb also adopted a horizontal cave stone chamber. Several generations of family members are buried in the stone chamber, with weapons as the center. After death, there are necessities of life, such as hui utensils and earthenware utensils.

However, the appearance of a large number of small ancient tombs has gradually weakened the nature of ancient tombs as rulers' buildings. Therefore, from the end of the 6th century to the beginning of the 7th century, Japanese monarchs tried their best to build monasteries in Guinea, and at the same time restricted the construction of small ancient tombs, while kings and powerful nobles were buried in large square tombs modeled after the mausoleum of Emperor China. In this way, the era of ancient graves is coming to an end, and the so-called "thin burial order" of Dahua further encourages this tendency, leaving only the ancient graves of middle-class nobles in Gaosong, which are small but gorgeous. The ancient tombs in Guandong and Northeast China ended later than in western Japan, and the round tombs were still under construction until the first half of the seventh century.

See:

Haniwa

Japanese kingship

Seven knives

The five kings of Japan

Around the 3rd century, the Yamato Kingdom rose in Nara Prefecture and gradually conquered most parts of Japan. The leader was called the "king" and later renamed the emperor.

[Editor] Asuka period

(AD 600 to AD 7 10)

Main item: Asuka period.

Horyuji quintuple tower

Asuka period was named after torii in Nara Prefecture (now Asuka Village, then the capital of Fujiwara). Buddhism spread through Baekje during this period. Su, one of the two major forces in the imperial court, supported Buddhism, while Wu, another force, supported traditional Shintoism. There was a fierce conflict between the two sides. In 587, at the Battle of Yi Zhe, Suvo Ma Zi defeated the Ministry of Property and gained control of the imperial court.

In 592 A.D., a royal woman who was related by marriage to the Su family ascended the throne and became Emperor Tugu. She nominated Shoto Kutaishi (Prince of Stairs Gate) as Regent and carried out political reforms centered on strengthening imperial power. Shoto Kutaishi formulated Twelve Orders and Seventeen Constitutions, which laid the foundation of China's bureaucracy. At the same time, envoys and international students were sent to study in the Sui Dynasty. In order to maintain his autocracy, Su I strongly opposed the political reform. Su I entered Luyi and killed his son, the prince of northern Shaanxi. In 645, Prince Zhong Da (Emperor Tianzhi) and Nakatomino Kamatari (Fujiwara Sickle Foot) conspired to assassinate Su I and entered Luyi, ending Su I's dictatorship. In the same year, Emperor Kotoku acceded to the throne, issued a new imperial edict to reform Dahua, and promoted Dahua's innovation.

In 660, Baekje was destroyed in the Tang Dynasty. In order to revive its tributary Baekje, Japan sent troops to Korea and was defeated by the joint forces of Tang Dynasty and Silla in Baicun River. In 668, Emperor Tianzhi ascended the throne, imitating the household registration management system of the Tang Dynasty, and in 670, the earliest national household registration was carried out. In 672, Emperor Tianzhi died, and his son, the Prince of Judah, succeeded him as Emperor Hong Wen. Prince Hailmann, the younger brother of Emperor Tianzhidi, competed with him for a position, and war broke out. This is the famous Renshen rebellion in history. Prince Hairin defeated Hong Wen in Gifu County and became Emperor Wu of Heaven. During the period of Emperor Tianwu, the earliest coin "Fudu" appeared in Japan. 70 1 year (Dabao Year), Dabao Law was promulgated. In 7 10, the Yuan and Ming emperors moved their capital to Pingchengjing, and the Asuka period ended.

Dongdasi Giant Buddha

[Editor] Nara Age

(AD 7 10 to AD 794)

Main entrance: Nara era

The era with Nara as its capital. From 7 10 (the third year of copper), Pingcheng well was its capital, and it was moved to Changgangjing in 784 (the third year of extension) for 74 years. It is the heyday of the legal society, which is manifested in the political and economic system, class relations, culture and foreign relations. At this time, political struggles within the nobility continued to occur. After the change of Prince Nagaya, Fujiwara's four clean-ups, the orange brothers fought for power with the monk Yun Xuan, Fujiwara's Hirohito Rebellion, and Fujiwara Nakama rejected the royal family as the first non-royal Zheng Tai minister. Buddhist Taoist mirrors used filial piety to restore the emperor, punish Fujiwara Nakama and promote the French king, in an attempt to covet the throne by abdicating, weakening the absolute authority of the emperor's dictatorship. During the reign of Ren Guang and Emperor Kanmu, the imperial court tried to rectify the chaotic political situation, reduce financial expenditure, reform the military system, expand its territory to the northeast, seek plastic surgery and re-strengthen the legal system.

[Editor] In peacetime

(794- 1 185)

Main items: peacetime

The historical era with Pingan Jing (Kyoto) as its capital began in 794 (13th year of Yan Li) when Emperor Kanmu moved its capital to Pingan Jing, and finally the Kamakura shogunate was established in 1 185 (the first year of Wenzhi), which lasted for 400 years. Divided into three periods. The early period (794-967) was a period when laws and regulations were relaxed but continued to be used. The middle period (968- 1068) is the establishment and heyday of social politics. The later period (1069- 1 190) was the peaceful regime period of the Yuan government.

[Editor] Kamakura era

(AD 1 185 to AD 1333)

Main entrance: Kamakura era

Mongolia attacked the Wu Jia regime with the Kamakura era as the national political center. It started in 1 185 (the first year of Wen Zhi) and ended in 1333 (the second year of Zhengqing and the third year of Justin), lasting 149 years. There were other theories: 1 180, 1 183, 1 192 (Yuan Laichao was appointed as a foreign general).

After defeating the Ping family, Yuan Laichao made an enemy with his younger brother Yuan Yijing at the instigation of (the then emperor). Later, the Book of Changes was transferred to Fujiwara's home in Austria, and Lai forced Fujiwara's family to kill the Book of Changes. However, two months after the death of Yijing, Fujiwara's family in Austria was destroyed by the Kamakura shogunate.

After the death of the Yuan Dynasty, the regime of the shogunate began to be controlled by his wife Eiko Kitajima and his father Eiko Kitajima, also known as the general nun. Kitajima used the position of executive power to elevate the general, and even after the death of the third generation general, he married the noble Fujiwara and even the prince from Kyoto as the general. Since then, the shogunate regime has been led by the hereditary executive power of North Island.

Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan invaded Japan twice during the reign of North Island.

In the later period, tokugawa era gradually declined and could not be maintained. Finally, Daigo and his troops were defeated by the general and Ueno clan.

[Editor] Southern and Northern Dynasties

(A.D. 1334 to A.D. 1392)

Main projects: Southern and Northern Dynasties

After the elimination of the Kamakura shogunate, Weiqi Daigo carried out the first royal restoration and implemented the New Deal, which was known as the Jianwu New Deal in history. Because the New Deal did not meet the requirements of the samurai, it only reused the nobles in Kyoto, which attracted the dissatisfaction of the samurai. Among them, the first step to respect the history of general is even more dissatisfied. Although he was honored by the emperor's name, he still wanted to open a government. As a result, Ashikaga respected the teacher and forced Go Daigo to abdicate. The new emperor Guangming appointed him as the general to conquer foreign countries in the Northern Dynasties.

After Daigo abdicated, the three artifacts symbolized by the Emperor retreated to Yoshino and Yamato (now Nara Prefecture) and were used by the Southern Dynasties. At this point, the Northern and Southern Dynasties finally formed, and the history books also called it "two emperors went south to Beijing in one day."

bac sonian culture

After many attacks and defenses, the influence of the Southern Dynasties declined. Finally, the emperor of the Southern Dynasties handed over three artifacts to the emperor of the Northern Dynasties, ending the era of the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

[Editor] Muromachi era

(A.D. 1392 to A.D. 1573)

Main projects: Muromachi era

Zumu was originally a Ueno tycoon and a relative of the Kamakura shogunate general Yuanlaichao. Master Zumu opened a shogunate in Muromachi, Kyoto.

The unification of the Northern and Southern Dynasties was carried out by the third generation general ashikaga yoshimitsu, who attempted to usurp the throne after reunification. But after his death, the fourth generation general Ashikaga Yoshimochi stopped it.

In order to deal with the Southern Dynasties, Ashikaga had to set up a shogunate in Kyoto and a mansion in Kamakura, which led to chaos in Kanto.

When Ashikaga Yoshimasa, the eighth generation general, was in power, Ren Ying rebellion broke out because of the issue of inheritance, and the authority of the shogunate went from bad to worse. The name of Wei, which was originally sealed by the shogunate in various places, was gradually usurped by Wei Dai (adjutant), retainer and Chinese people, and some of them were able to maintain political power until the Warring States Period. From Ren Ying's rebellion to the demise of Ashikaga shogunate, it is called the Warring States Period.

In Kyoto, the authority of the shogunate gradually declined and was interfered and supported by the Hosokawa Morihiro family. The13rd generation general Ashikaga Yi Hui was killed, and his younger brother Ashikaga Yoshiaki was founded by Oda Xintai. Later, due to opposition to Xintai's exile, the shogunate perished and officially entered the Antu Taoshan era.

[Editor] Warring States Period

For details about the Battle of Nakagawa Island, please refer to the entries of the Warring States Period in Japan.

The period from the late15th century to16th century is called the Warring States Period.

[Editor] Antu Taoshan era

oda nobunaga

Toyotomi Hideyoshi's main entry: Antu Taoshan era

(A.D. 1573 to A.D. 1603)

In the first year of Tenzin (1573), after destroying the Ashikaga shogunate, Nobuyasu Oda gradually became the most powerful military leader in China and began to actively expand its ruling territory. Until the 10th year of Tenzin (1582), Takeda, a famous family in Jiafei, almost completely controlled the nearest place and the East China Sea, and his influence extended to China, Jiaxinyue, Shikoku and Hokuriku. In the same year, Akechi Mitsuhide launched the change of Benneng Temple, and Oda disappeared (or died). Oda Nobutada, the eldest son of Oda Governor, committed suicide after losing to Akechi Mitsuhide, and the whole Oda clan immediately fell into chaos.

At this time, Yukio Hatoyama, the department of Oda family, defeated Akechi Mitsuhide in the battle of Yamazaki, and gained an advantage in the later family meeting. In the battle of cheap Yue the following year, he defeated another important official and successfully integrated Oda's territory.

1584, a battle broke out between Yukio Hatoyama and Tokugawa Ieyasu, a local famous soldier in the East China Sea. After some confrontation, the two sides reconciled and formed an alliance. In the same year, Dabancheng was completed, and Yukio Hatoyama began to implement the plan to unify the whole country. After four large-scale Crusades, 1590, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who was given the surname by the Emperor, completed the unification of the whole country, making Japan enter a peaceful period for the first time in a hundred years, and the actual political center of the whole country was transferred to Toyotomi's family in Osaka.

Since then, Toyotomi Hideyoshi has encouraged businesses to expand their financial resources, continue to promote the work of national land inspectors and sword hunting orders, and weaken the fiefs of famous houses by various means. Starting from 1592, he launched two wars of aggression against Korea, collectively known as Ruben in history. The Battle of Qingchuang (that is, the Wanli Korean War, which North Korea called the Non-Chen Patriotic War). This war not only caused great losses to the famous western Japanese, but also caused a serious economic burden to the Toyotomi family and caused a serious division among ministers.

1598, Toyotomi Hideyoshi died, and the whole country fell into chaos again. At that time, Tokugawa Ieyasu, the most powerful celebrity, took control of the power center in Osaka by political means, which aroused the dissatisfaction of most celebrities and internal civil servants in Toyotomi Hideyoshi. 1600, disgruntled Daming attacked Tokugawa Ieyasu under the call of civil servant Ishida Mitsunari and Daming's keeper, and the two sides fought fiercely in the battle of Guanyuan. As a result, Tokugawa Ieyasu won a great victory and became the actual ruler of this country. 1603, the emperor decreed him as a general to conquer foreign countries, and he entered the edo period.

[Editor] Edo Period

Main projects: Edo era

The period from 1603 (the eighth year of Keio) to 1867 (the third year of Keio) in Tokugawa Ieyasu is called the edo period, and the edo shogunate was established in Edo.

After Toyotomi Hideyoshi's death, Tokugawa Ieyasu won the battle of Guanyuan (〒ヶのぃ) and was appointed as the general to conquer foreigners. Toyotomi Hideyoshi was destroyed in the battle of Osaka. The shogunate controlled the imperial court and the famous generals through the combination of government laws and military laws, and the famous generals needed to travel to and from Edo and its neighboring countries regularly because of the alternate attendance (attendance and attendance) system. The shogunate forbids Christians (キリシタン, Krister? O), experienced the chaos of the island and completed the policy of locking up the country, and only conducted a small number of transactions with the Netherlands and the Qing Dynasty in Nagasaki. Li keeps in touch with North Korea through North Korean journalists.

As soon as politics is stable, the economy will develop. In the era of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, the economy was prosperous, and Lu Yuan culture (Lu Yuan culture) prevailed among businessmen and citizens.

Ukiyo-e painting "Fu Yue-Thirty-six Scenes of Opening the Wind and Quickening the Qing Dynasty" In the middle of Edo, the shogunate's finance was in trouble, and Tokugawa's successor implemented the security reform (security reform) to temporarily restore the finance, but it deteriorated again. The subsequent political reform and natural forest protection reform tried to improve, but they didn't. On the other hand, with the development of merchant economy, Machiavellian popular culture, such as cultural politics, prevails. In the past, the basic income was the famous flag of rice (annual tribute), which became poverty. Daming carried out the reform of vassal administration, and Changzhou and Samoa were called Fan Xiong after the success of this reform.

In the end, it was called the end and was forcibly founded by European and American countries. Perry came to sail and signed unequal treaties such as the Japan-US Kanagawa Treaty (Japan-Rice Treaty) to split and lock up the country. With the strong thought of founding a country, respecting the emperor and resisting foreign countries, the authority of the shogunate weakened after falling into a state of semi-civil strife. Finally, Tokugawa Yoshinobu returned the political power to the imperial court.

[Editor] Meiji era

Main projects: Meiji

The Meiji period of Emperor Meiji (1868- 19 12) is called the Meiji era.

After the ancient imperial edict and Chen Wu War, the imperial government of Meiji Japan was established by supporting imperial governors. The new government actively introduced European and American systems, abolished vassals and set up counties. These reforms were called the Meiji Restoration. On the one hand, the new government established the state system, such as the establishment of the imperial parliament and the Constitution of the Great Japanese Empire; On the one hand, it has rapidly developed into a modern country under the impetus of the national policy of cultivating industry and strengthening military strength (making Qiang Bing a rich country). In addition, Japan won the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War and became one of the great powers. While ensuring its international status, in 1879, it got its hands on Ryukyu Kingdom, a tributary country of the Qing Dynasty, and changed to Okinawa Prefecture. After 19 10, Korea was annexed.

Culturally, Japan introduced new knowledge and art from Europe and America; With the individualistic novels that never appeared in Japan, literature began to appear, and a culture different from that before the Edo era began to appear. Religiously, it has changed the phenomenon of the confluence of gods and Buddhists (separation of gods and Buddhists) in the past, and there has been a movement to suppress Buddhism (abolishing Buddhism and destroying Buddhism) and so on.

[Editor] Taisho Times

Main project: Dazheng

Taisho period (19 12- 1926) is called Taisho period.

Emperor Meiji died in 19 12, and Zi Jiaren succeeded to the throne, which was the Taisho era. In the first year of Taisho, the first constitutional movement (Taisho Democratic Movement) started with the fall of the army, and party politics began to appear.

In the early Taisho era, World War I happened, which was the peak of Japan's national strength since the Meiji Restoration. However, in 192 1, Emperor Taishō was regent by Prince Hirohito due to illness, and the Great Kanto Earthquake occurred a few years later, as well as his defeat in international conferences, which made it increasingly difficult for Japan.

Powerful people and political parties constantly struggled, and the second constitutional movement took place and universal suffrage was implemented (1925). Saionji Kinmochi, the only veteran, recommended the Prime Minister and advocated "the normal way of constitutionalism".

[Editor] Early Showa

(A.D. 1926 to A.D. 1945)

Main project: Showa

Mushroom cloud produced by Nagasaki atomic bomb explosion.

1August 9, 945

Tokyo Tower1926 65438+On February 25th, Emperor Taishō died and Crown Prince Hirohito succeeded to the throne, which was the Showa era.

At the beginning of Showa, party politics gradually declined, the Prime Minister was even assassinated, and the military gradually seized power.

During the First World War, Japan's economy flourished; However, after the war, with the great economic recession, social unrest intensified. To eliminate this anxiety, Japan colonized Manchuria. But it aroused the response of China and America, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and then the Second World War began.

[Editor] Showa Mid-term

Also known as Japan's economic revival period (A.D. 1945 to A.D. 1972).

See allied military occupation of Japan.

At the same time as the Japanese surrender edict was issued, Hirohito's trusted cabinet secretary Suzuki resigned and instructed to form a cabinet with the royal family Dongjiujian Palace, which is the queen's uncle Jiujian Palace. Hikumiya Cabinet is the only royal cabinet in Japanese history. The emperor's life has fallen, that is to stabilize the situation. At that time, there were former Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe as Minister of State and Shigemitsu Mamoru as Foreign Minister in the Cabinet of Dongjiu Ergong. Later, Shigemitsu Mamoru resigned for some reason and was succeeded by Ji Tianmao, the son-in-law of Makino Nobuaki, the former Consul General in Fengtian.

At this point, the Allies sent an emperor, that is Douglas? MacArthur, the Allied General Command demanded that Iwate Yamazaki, the Interior Minister, who was forbidden to speak against the royal family, step down, and the cabinet of Tokugawa resigned. Became the shortest-lived cabinet in Japanese history, with a life span of 54 days.

After the collapse of the cabinet of Dongjiumi Palace, Hirohito appointed Jiro, a pro-American faction, to form a cabinet. In the 20th year of Showa (1945), Kurihara Cabinet was established. Currency is familiar with currency diplomacy in the 1920s.

After the war, a large number of political parties have mushroomed, including the Japanese Liberal Party (President Ichiro Hatoyama), the Japanese Socialist Party (Secretary Katayama Tetsu), the Japanese Progressive Party (President Tadashi Machida), the Japanese Cooperative Party (President Shihiko Yamamoto) and the Japanese * * * Production Party (Secretary Shoichi Tokuda). The following year 1 month, the allied headquarters announced the order to pursue public office. The so-called order to pursue public office is to prohibit war criminals from holding public office.

The first general election after the war was held on April 10th in the 21st year of Showa (1946). The Liberal Party won 14 1 seat, the Golden Party won 94 seats, the Socialist Party won 93 seats, the Cooperative Party won 14 seats, the * * * Production Party won 5 seats, and other factions won 38 seats. The Liberal Party became the first party, and Yukio Hatoyama prepared to form a cabinet, but the official order from the headquarters also burned on him, making him lose the power to form a cabinet, so he temporarily handed over the positions of the Liberal Party and the Prime Minister to Foreign Minister Ji Tianmao.

As a result, Ji Tianmao became the last prime minister appointed by the emperor under the old constitution. He invited former Prime Minister Yuan Yuan to join the cabinet and form a cabinet jointly with the Progressive Party. After the war, under the occupation of the allied forces, according to the Japanese Constitution, the emperor became a symbol of the country, and national sovereignty and pacifism were also established in the Constitution. In the first parliamentary election under the Japanese Constitution, Yoshida's political party lost, and the opposition party led by the Japanese Socialist Party won, forming coalition cabinet led by the Japanese Socialist Party and the Democratic Party. Katayama Tetsu of the Socialist Party and Hitoshi Ashida of the Democratic Party successively became prime ministers. Unfortunately, at that time, there was a serious opposition between the left and right factions within the Socialist Party, and the suspected prison incident in Zhao Dian broke out again, and this "middle-line regime" collapsed. Ji Tianmao re-entered the prime minister and formed a cabinet four times in a row, which is unique in Japanese history. After the signing of the San Francisco Peace Treaty, Japan resumed its national sovereignty.

After Ichiro Hatoyama came back, he opposed Yoshitomo. Finally, Ji Tianmao was forced to step down because of internal and external troubles. Ichiro Hatoyama compromised with the opposition party to form a cabinet on the condition that the parliament be dissolved immediately after going to Taiwan Province. After the election, he formed a cabinet again, and the left and right socialist parties, which had already split, merged to form the Japanese Socialist Party again. Ichiro Hatoyama once again United his Democratic Party and Liberal Party to form the Liberal Democratic Party, which is sometimes called a conservative contract. In the 1955 election, the Liberal Democratic Party won more than half of the seats, and the Japanese Socialist Party became the largest opposition party. This political ecology lasted until 1993, which was called "five-five system".

Ichiro Hatoyama retired to the second line after promoting the establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and the Soviet Union, and was succeeded by Zhanshan Shiqiao. However, shortly after Shiqiao formed a cabinet, he had major physical problems and had to resign. Finally, his successor was Foreign Minister Kishi Nobusuke, who had been accused of being a war criminal. In fact, Kishi Nobusuke's aim is to revise the Japan-US security treaty. For this reason, the two forces of innovation and conservatism finally confronted each other, and the largest social movement "security struggle" broke out in modern Japanese history. Later, after the amendment to the Japan-US security treaty came into effect naturally, Kishi Nobusuke resigned and was succeeded by Ji Tianmao's proud disciple, Minister of International Trade and Industry Ikeda Hayato.

After Ikeda came to power, facing the social opposition left by Kishi Nobusuke, he put forward the slogan of "tolerance and patience". The rapid economic growth (especially during Ikeda's cabinet period in 1960' s, the multiplication plan was realized) is also called an economic power. Ikeda formed a cabinet three times in a row, and even competed with Ji Tianmao's Eisaku Satō in the presidential election of the Liberal Democratic Party, and finally had to resign because of laryngeal cancer. Eisaku Satō succeeded. After Sato formed the cabinet, Shigao Prefecture was returned to Japan, which continued to develop on the basis of Ikeda, and Japan's economy rose further.

[Editor] Late Showa Period

(A.D. 1972 to A.D. 1989)

Eisaku Satō was elected president of the Liberal Democratic Party for four consecutive times and formed a cabinet for three consecutive times. His term of office also surpassed that of Ji Tianmao and Keitaro, teachers of Meiji era. After he announced his retirement, five members of the Liberal Democratic Party ran for the party's president, namely tanaka kakuei of Sato School, Zhengfang of Daping School, Fukuda Takeo of Futian School and Takeo Miki of Sanji School. Four of them participated in the presidential election. As a result, only Tanaka and Yasuo Fukuda were qualified, which was called the Jiaofu War in the world. Tanaka kakuei successfully wooed Daping, Miki and Nakasone (Kang Hong) to defeat Fukuda as the president to form a cabinet.

Tanaka kakuei's most important achievement is also the establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and People's Republic of China (PRC), and the transformation plan of Japanese islands. Meanwhile, Tanaka was accused of money politics. Since then, the LDP has been involved in a series of fraud cases. In October of the 49th year of Showa (1974), tanaka kakuei's research on his gold vein and personal connections was published in the Spring and Autumn Annals of Literature and Art, which aroused the investigation of the Party and Congress. Tanaka announced his resignation in the same year 1 1 month.

Yuesaburo, vice president of the Liberal Democratic Party, summoned Masayoshi Ohira, Fukuda Takeo, Takeo Miki and Nakasone Yasuhiro. Takeo Miki was appointed as the successor of President shiina. After Takeo Miki formed the cabinet, the aftermath of the Whitewater incident in the United States exposed the Lowahid incident. Tanaka was involved in a corruption scandal. Takeo Miki tried to tell tanaka kakuei about it. As a result, the big factions in the party formed a political party association and elected Fukuda Takeo as the successor president. As a result, in the House of Representatives election, the Liberal Democratic Party was defeated, Miki resigned and Fukuda Takeo succeeded.

Fukuda Takeo originally had a secret agreement with Daping Zheng Fang, and Fukuda handed over the party affairs to Daping, promising to do it only once and give it to Daping. However, Fukuda broke his promise to run for re-election as party president, and Daping stood for election. As a result, Fukuda lost by an overwhelming majority in the primary election, and Fukuda announced his withdrawal. Daping formed a cabinet.

In the House of Representatives election the following year, the Liberal Democratic Party was defeated by a series of scandals. Yasuo Fukuda, Miki and Nakasone asked Daping to resign, but Daping was supported by Tanaka and refused, which triggered a 40-day protest. In the fifty-fourth year of Showa (1979) 1 1 month, since the founding of the Liberal Democratic Party, it was the first time that the president of the Liberal Democratic Party and party member stood for election at the same time in the parliamentary prime minister election. As a result, with the support of Tanaka School and the small party New Freedom Club, Daping defeated Fukuda Takeo in the runoff vote to form a cabinet.

In the fifty-fifth year of Showa (1980), the Japanese Socialist Party, Komeito Party and People's Social Party proposed a motion of no confidence in the Cabinet, and non-mainstream factions formed a party style refreshing alliance. Ask for discipline. However, the leaders' responses were incomplete, and as a result, the non-mainstream factions were tough. Results With the support and absence of non-mainstream, motion of no confidence passed by 243-0/87, and Daping was forced to dissolve the parliament. Daping died suddenly in the election, and the Liberal Democratic Party won a great victory because of Daping's death. Finally, Zeng Keshi Suzuki formed a cabinet as a transitional figure.

Two years later, Zeng Keshi Suzuki was not re-elected. As a result, Nakasone Yasuhiro was elected president of the Party to form a cabinet, and Nakasone led the Liberal Democratic Party to the peak again. The president's term of office was also extended for one year, and he announced his resignation at 1987. Noboru takeshita of Zhu Xia School was appointed to succeed the president and form a cabinet.

[Editor] Heisei Times

(A.D. 1989 to present)

Main projects: Heisei

Hirohito died in Showa 64 (1989) 1.7, and Zi Mingren succeeded to the throne. The day after his death (1.8), he changed his name to Heisei Age (1.989-).

The Liberal Democratic Party was affected by the Rickut incident, and Noboru takeshita's cabinet was severely impacted. Noboru takeshita was forced to resign. His successor is Foreign Minister Hideyoshi Uno. However, due to the scandal between Ueno Hideyoshi and Igi, the public's dissatisfaction with the Ri Cullert incident, and the consumption tax imposed by the Liberal Democratic Party government, three major issues were severely impacted, and they were defeated in the Senate election in July that year. The number of seats elected by the liberal democratic party hit a record low. As a result, Uno's cabinet collapsed. His successor is Toshiki Haibe.

199 1 At the end, Toshihiko Haibe gave up his re-election and Gong Ze succeeded him as Prime Minister. At the end of the following year, Shin Kanemaru, the president of Takeshita Sect of the Liberal Democratic Party, resigned as the president of Takeshita Sect because of the case, and split into Obuchi Sect and Haneda Sect for the choice of successors.

1993, due to the failure of the liberal democratic party to achieve political reform, the haneda faction rebelled in a no-confidence case, leading to the general election. The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) lost more than half of its seats in the National Assembly under the election of Haneda School and Masayoshi Takemura. Under the running of Ichiro Ozawa, the core figure of Haneda School, Hosokawa Morihiro of the Japanese New Party was successfully wooed. Hosokawa Morihiro's eight-party coalition cabinet, they formed a non-self-and non-* * production party. 1955, when the system collapsed, Kiichi Miyazawa resigned as president of the Liberal Democratic Party and was replaced by Yohei Kono.

The following year, Hosokawa Morihiro stepped down. Tsutomu Hata, leader of the New Progressive Party, succeeded the Prime Minister, but the Socialist Party broke away from the ruling Coalition. In less than two months, Haneda's cabinet stepped down because of motion of no confidence. Although Ichiro Ozawa wooed Junshu, the former Prime Minister of the Liberal Democratic Party, the executive department of the Liberal Democratic Party established Tomiichi Murayama, chairman of the Socialist Party, to form a cabinet. Under the system of 1955- 1955, two opposing political parties jointly seized power at this time.

1996, Tomiichi Murayama stepped down and was succeeded by the new LDP president Ryutaro Hashimoto. The Socialist Party changed its name to Social Democratic Party and cooperated outside the Cabinet. Two years later, Hashimoto's cabinet collapsed due to a crushing defeat in the Senate election and was succeeded by Keizo Obuchi. Before Keizo Obuchi, he wooed Ichiro Ozawa of the same faction (at this time, Ichiro Ozawa had established the Liberal Party) to cooperate with the Komeito Party.

In 2000, the Liberal Party broke away from the ruling Coalition, while splitting the Conservative Party to stay in the ruling Coalition. Keizo Obuchi died shortly after a stroke, and was succeeded by Mori Yoshiro, the secretary general, with the consent of the Party's top management. During his tenure, Mori Yoshiro had a low image and often made a slip of the tongue. Announced not to be re-elected, Junichiro Koizumi and Ryutaro Hashimoto competed for the president of the Liberal Democratic Party. As a result, Koizumi won and began the Koizumi era for more than five years.

In 2003, Ichiro Ozawa's Liberal Party merged with the Democratic Party. In the House of Representatives election, the Liberal Democratic Party won more than half of the seats, and the merged Democratic Party made great gains in the election. In the Senate election the following year, the Democratic Party surpassed the Liberal Democratic Party to become the first party. It shows that Koizumi's reform has been challenged. However, after Koizumi's postal reform bill was not passed by the Senate in 2005, the House of Representatives was dissolved. Successfully turned all opponents into anti-reforms, and the Liberal Democratic Party and the Komeito Party won two-thirds of the seats in the parliament and firmly seized the control of the parliament (although the Senate rejected the bill, two-thirds of the House of Representatives passed it and became the resolution of the parliament).

In 2006, Koizumi said that he would not be re-elected, and Chief Cabinet Secretary Shinzo Abe was elected as the new prime minister. Although Abe opposed Koizumi's anti-China policy, many ministers of agriculture, forestry and fisheries were caught in fraud cases, which led to the unprecedented defeat of the Liberal Democratic Party in the 2007 Senate election. The number of elected members is the same as that of 1989 in the Senate election, and the opposition Democratic Party controls the Senate. Although the cabinet and the party's leadership were reorganized, the situation was full, and as a result, they had to step down.

Yasuo Fukuda, the son of Fukuda Takeo and former Chief Cabinet Secretary, was elected as the president of the Liberal Democratic Party, and maintained the party's unanimous governance through self-maturity. However, after one year in power, the cabinet is still unable to raise public support. There is less than one year left before the next House of Representatives election, and it is declared to be the downfall. Aso, who was elected as the president of the Party four times and served as the secretary-general in Abe and Fukuda, was elected to form a cabinet with the support of the Party because of his popularity among the people.