Looking for the original text, practice and explanation of the preface to seeing Ma Sheng off to Yang.
[Edit this paragraph] Translation
When I was a child, I especially liked studying. The family is poor and can't get books to read. They often borrow books from people who have books, copy them by hand, and return them on an agreed date. Even if the weather is very cold, the water in the inkstone turns into hard ice, and my fingers can't bend and straighten, and I keep copying books. After the transcription, I ran to deliver it, not daring to exceed the agreed time limit slightly. So people lend me books, so I can read all kinds of books. As an adult, (I) admire the theory of sages more, and I am worried that I can't communicate with knowledgeable and respected teachers. Once I ran a hundred miles, holding a scripture in my hand, and asked the local moral and learned predecessors for advice. The old man is highly respected, and the students (who asked him for advice) crowded his room. (He) didn't soften his words at all, and his face softened. I stood beside him and waited on him, asking questions, asking truth and leaning down for advice. Sometimes I will be reprimanded by my predecessors. My expression is more respectful and my manners are more thoughtful. I dare not say a word to defend it. Ask him when he is happy. So although I am stupid, I can finally gain something. When I was studying with my teacher, I carried a book box and dragged my shoes in the deep mountains and canyons. The cold wind blows hard in winter, and the skin on my feet is broken because of the cold and dryness, but I don't know it. Back to school, my limbs were stiff and I couldn't move. The orderly washed it with hot water (for me), wrapped it in a quilt and kept it warm for a long time. Staying in a hotel, the innkeeper provides two meals a day, and there is nothing fresh, fat and delicious. The other students who live with me are wearing gorgeous clothes, hats decorated with red headbands and jewels, jade rings made of white jade hanging around their waist, treasure knives hanging on the left and sachets hanging on the right. They look radiant, like immortals. I was dressed in rags among them, but I was not jealous. Because there are enough happy things in my heart, I don't feel that food and clothing are not as good as people. I study very hard, and that's about it. Although I am old now, I have achieved nothing, but fortunately, I am still among the gentlemen, bearing the honor of the son of heaven, following the emperor every day, waiting for inquiries, and praising my name inappropriately under the sun, not to mention anyone who can surpass me. Now every student is studying in imperial academy, and the imperial court supplies rice every day. Every winter and summer, his parents give him clothes to wear, and he has no worries about freezing and starving. Sitting in a big house reading poetry books, there is no hard work running around; There are doctors as teachers, but they can't get answers without consulting, and the requirements can't be realized; All the books you should have are concentrated here. You don't have to copy them yourself like me. You can only understand them by borrowing books from others. Some students are not proficient in learning and have poor moral character. They are either gifted or not as single-minded as I am. Is it someone else's fault? Ma Junze, a student from Dongyang, studied in imperial academy for two years, and his peers were full of praise for his talent. When I went to Beijing to meet the emperor, he came to see me as a compatriot. I wrote a long letter as a gift to show my respect, and the words were very clear. I argued with him, and his words were gentle and his attitude was peaceful; He himself said that in his teens, he studied hard and worked hard. This can be said to be a good learner! He is going home to visit relatives now, so I told him about the difficulties in his study. If I encourage fellow villagers to study hard, that is my ambition; You denigrate me, brag about my experience, and be proud in front of fellow villagers. Do you know me?
[Edit this paragraph] Note
[1] Addiction: special hobby. [2] No way: No way. [3] writing a book: get a book, here refers to buying books. To: I see. [4] Under the guise of: synonymous compounds. Borrow. "Fake" also means borrowing. [5] Fu's laziness: that is, "Fu's laziness" does not slack off and does not relax copying books. Christopher, no, "zhi" is the object of "lazy", which means "recording". Negative sentences, pronouns as objects, prepositional objects. [6] Go: Run. [7] overdue: beyond the agreed time limit. [8] guàn: After coronation, it refers to adulthood. In ancient times, when a person was twenty years old, he was crowned (put on a hat) to show that he had grown up. Later generations often use "crown" or "add crown" to indicate the age of 20. This means twenty years old. It's already started. [9] Suffering from: worry and anxiety. [10] Master: A knowledgeable teacher. Shuo, Da. [1 1] taste: once. [12] trend: running towards. [13] Xianda: a moral and learned elder. [14] Inquiry: Ask for advice. Knock on the door and ask. Delong Wang Zun: High moral prestige. Respected. Hope, prestige, reputation. The disciples crowded his room: the students crowded his room. Master, apprentice, student. To fill, block. It means crowded here. [17] A little low-key: gentle words and gentle expressions. Words, words and faces. [18] aid doubts: ask questions and ask the truth. Help, leadership and advice. Quality, inquiry [19] Bend down and ask with your ears tilted: Bend down and ask with your ears tilted (to show respect and concentration). [20] reprimand: reprimand, reprimand. [2 1] To: Deliberate. [22] A: This refers to defense. [23] as long as: wait. [24] negative basket (qiè) dragging basket (xǐ): book box, slippers (indicating that shoes are worn out). [25] Poor winter: deep winter. [26] chapped skin (jūn): chapped skin due to cold and dryness. [27] House: This refers to the school house and school. [28] Branch: "limb" means limb. [29] Yi: a married woman. This refers to the maid. [30] soup: hot water. [3 1] Lying off: water and washing. [32] To: Use. [33] He: (q and n) quilt. [34] Hug: Surround. [35] and: indicate modification. [36] Yes, only. [37] Traveling against the trend: staying in a hotel. Travel backwards, hotel. [38] quilt: by "wearing", this means wearing [39] tassel: hat belt [40] waist: waist. Waist, used as a verb. (masterpiece) [4 1] velvet: (xi) sachet. Smell: smell, here refers to aroma. [42] Ye ran: radiant. [43] robes: worn-out clothes. Old packing. Oh, it is broken. [44] slightly unattractive. Mu, Yan, envy. [45] People who enjoy it don't know that the battle of mouth and body is not like people: because there are enough happy things in their hearts (referring to reading), they don't think that food and clothing are inferior to people. China: Inside. Oral and physical service: refers to food and clothing. [46] G: Probably. [47] imperial academy: imperial academy, located in Beijing, is the highest institution of learning in China. [48] County Decree: This refers to the imperial court. Shaoshao: grain supplied by the state. [49] Shi Yi and Doctor: refers to imperial academy Shi Yi and Dr. imperial academy, both of whom are instructors. [50] Liu Dai: The same generation. [5 1] Imperial Capital of Yuchao: This means that the author went to Beijing to see the emperor after he became an official. Y: Me. [52] Yu Yu, a fellow countryman: Come and visit me as a fellow countryman of the younger generation. Pay a visit [53] Write a long book as a token: Write a long letter as a gift to show respect. Long book: long letter. Lu: It was a gift when we first met. [54] argument: debate. "Discrimination" means "debate". [55] Yi: Peace. [56] Prosperity of Opportunity: It was a good encounter. This refers to the official position. [57] strength: strength [58] heritage: give, give.
Selected exercises of sending horses to Dongyang
Read the following paragraph and complete the following exercise.
If you stay with your host, you will eat it again every day, and it will not taste fresh and fat. All the students are all embroidered, wearing hats decorated with treasures, white jade rings on their waists, swords on their left and smelly faces on their right. The rest of me wore robes and clothes, without any envy in them. I've had enough fun in it. I don't know that my mouth and body are not like people.
1. The correct interpretation of "she", "waist", "ellipsis" and "knowledge" in the above paragraph is ()
A.i can't feel anything at the waist of the house.
B.there is a little knowledge hanging on the waist of the house.
C. Hanging on the waist of the house without feeling.
D. I know nothing about the waist of the house
The correct translation of "eat every day" is ()
A. The second meal every day B. Eat two meals every day C. When eating the second meal every day
3. "Enjoy it" means ()
A. the author believes that reading is enough to be happy.
B. The author thinks that his family is poor and he is happy enough to study hard.
C. the author thinks there are things in the book that make him happy.
4. The purpose of the author's writing about students' luxury clothes is ()
A. highlight your diligence in study. Describe the hardships of your living conditions.
C. show contempt for classmates in the same room. D. show the ignorance of roommates.
Reference answer:
1.C 2。 B 3。 A 4。 B
Read Preface to Sending Ma Sheng to Dongyang
Liu Ke
Ningjiang district No.1 Middle School, Songyuan City, Jilin Province
Read the first paragraph and answer the questions.
When I was a child, I was addicted to learning. My family was poor and I couldn't read. Every time I borrow it from the library, I take my own notes and count the days. It's cold, the inkstone is hard, my fingers can't bend and stretch, and I'm lazy. After copying, please go back to China, and dare not exceed the agreed time limit slightly. So most people will lend me books so that I can read all kinds of books. It not only increases the crown, but also benefits the sage's way, suffering from the lack of masters, celebrities and tourists. Taste a hundred miles away and ask about your hometown. Senior honorary person, Yemeni students crowded his room, and his words and attitude were never slightly euphemistic. Li Yu waited around, assisted the suspect and leaned over to ask questions. Or the more respectful and polite he is when he scolds, the more afraid he is to say a word. Please ask again as soon as it is happy. So I was stupid and finally learned a lot. When I was a teacher, I dragged myself into the mountains and valleys. In winter, the wind is fierce, the snow is several feet deep, and the skin is chapped. After entering the room, my limbs were stiff and I couldn't move. The servant gave me hot water and covered me with a quilt. It took a long time to warm up. If you stay with your host, you will eat it again every day, and it will not taste fresh and fat. The students in the same school are all embroidered, wearing hats decorated with pearls and jewels, with a circle of white jade around their waist, a sword on the left and a smelly face on the right. I am wearing a robe, but I am not sad at all. Because there are enough things in your heart to make you happy, don't feel that the enjoyment of food is not as good as others. It's hard to hide the jade harp.
1. The author of this article is Song Lian, whose name is Jing Lian, whose name is Qianxi, and who is from Jinhua, Zhejiang. Prose writers in the early Ming dynasty, this article is a preface, referring to farewell words, the content of which is mostly encouragement, admiration and approval.
2. Explain the meaning of the words added below in the text.
(1) likes learning when he is young. (2) There is no way to read (get, buy).
(3) Borrowing books from the library every time (borrowing books) (4) Being lazy (slacking off).
(5) Walking (running) (6) Dare not exceed (exceed) the appointment slightly.
(7) Being crowned (referring to adults) (8) Celebrities walk without a teacher (a knowledgeable teacher)
(9) Taste a hundred miles away (go quickly) (10) Mentoring (full)
(1 1) Never put words (language and face) (12) in the question (put forward; Asking)
(13) or reprimand when you are happy (reprimand, reprimand) (14) (etc.)
(15) negative basket drag (book box; Shoe) (16) soup, add water (hot water)
(17) Cover (quilt) blanket (18) Stay in the master (hotel) of the defense brigade.
(19) white jade ring around the waist (hanging around the waist) (20) Ye Ran looks like a man of god (shining with brilliance)
(2 1) My robe (old wadding; Broken) (22) slightly unsightly (envious; Appreciate)
3. Find two words in this article:
○ 1 "limbs" with stiff limbs ○ 02 The same students are all embroidered and dressed.
4. According to the requirements of dictation:
1 reveals that the author studied hard when he was a child.
In my adolescence, I like reading.
2 The sentence that can best express the author's pain in copying books is:
It's cold, the inkstone is hard, and fingers can't bend and stretch.
A.3. Explain that the author has a taste of thousands of miles to study this sentence because:
It is conducive to advocating the way of sages, and it is also conducive to suffering from celebrities and tourists without masters.
○4 The reason why the author is "slightly indifferent" to other Taitai students is:
Reply time: June 22, 2006
211.160.73. * Second floor
Because there are enough things in your heart to make you happy, don't feel that the enjoyment of food is not as good as others.
5. The main content of the first paragraph is:
Describe a person's adolescent learning difficulties and inner difficulties.
6. From what aspects does the article describe the author's difficulties in learning as a teenager? Summarize in concise language.
The difficulty of learning at a young age; As an adult, it is difficult to ask the teacher for advice, travel and life.
Or four aspects: poor family, no books to read; It is difficult to ask for advice without a teacher;
Studying far away is hard; Hard school life.
Or difficult to read, borrow books and copy books; It is difficult to learn from teachers, braving the cold and snow, and going to other places to find teachers;
It is difficult to ask for advice and is often "scolded"; Life is hard, "eat every day" and wear "robes".
7. What is the author's purpose in writing about his difficult study experience?
The purpose is to persuade Ma Sheng not to live up to his good study conditions and to study hard in order to achieve something.
8. What is the function of the word "like learning" at the beginning of the article?
Lead and set the tone for the full text.
9. The author borrowed and copied books when he was young, which was determined by the contradiction between "studious" and "poor at home".
10. What does the word "coronation" mean? Can you find similar usage from ancient Chinese? For example.
○ 1 In ancient times, when a man was 20 years old, he was crowned and put on an adult hat. Later, it is often crowned or crowned, indicating that the man has reached adulthood.
○2 When a woman reaches the age of 15, her hair is tied up and her hair is put on, indicating that she has reached adulthood.
1 1. This paper comprehensively describes the author's diligent study life through typical examples. What does this have to do with his success?
As can be seen from the article, the author's diligent study and life is just a kind of perseverance, willing to give everything for knowledge, constantly overcome many obstacles and finally succeed.
12. Find some examples of image description from the text, and from what angle?
Difficult to ask: "Master's disciples have filled the room and have never declined politely. Li Yu waited around, assisted the suspect and leaned over to ask questions. Or the more respectful and polite you are when you meet, you dare not say a word. "
The difficulty of the journey: "I dragged my feet and walked in the ravine." In poor winter, the wind is fierce, the snow is several feet deep and the skin is chapped. "
The bitterness of life, compared with the classmates living in the same room: "If you eat again every day, you will not enjoy the taste of fresh fat. The students in the same school are all embroidered, wearing hats decorated with pearls and jewels, with a circle of white jade around their waist, a sword on the left and a smelly face on the right. I'm in the middle of my robe and I'm not very affectionate. "
13. What are the difficulties for the author to seek a teacher as an adult? (A highly summarized answer is enough)
The difficulty of asking questions; The difficulty of the journey; The bitterness of life.
14. What is the root cause of the author's "stupid, but learned something"?
He has a strong thirst for knowledge. In order to gain knowledge and insight, he took great pains, was not afraid of difficulties, and asked for advice humbly and sincerely.
15. Is the author really stupid? Why did he say that? Which sentence is taken care of here and in the text?
Not stupid, it is the author's modesty; The purpose is to explain that even if you are stupid, you will gain something by studying hard. And "if the industry is not refined, if the morality is not good, if it is not the inferiority of nature, then the heart will not be exclusive, and others will be too embarrassed." cross reference
65438+ What's the comment on "I don't know if my mouth and body are inhuman after playing enough in it"?
He takes pleasure in learning knowledge, does not envy others' food and clothing, and concentrates on his studies, which is really commendable.
17. What is the author's intention to insert the advantages of sharing students when describing young people's schooling experiences? What inspiration did you get from it?
Compared with the students who live in the same room, we show that we don't envy the superior conditions of others, but take pleasure in learning knowledge. This spirit of studying hard and concentrating on learning is worth learning forever.
,
18. The author wrote this article to encourage Ma Sheng to study hard. There is a story in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, in which Sun Quan persuaded one of his generals to study through his own experience. Later, the general made a strange plan to attack Jingzhou and defeat Guan Yu, which made great contributions to Wu Dong. So what's the general's name? What inspiration can you get from him?
Lumens;
Revelation: Learning the day after tomorrow is very important; Diligence can make up for stupidity, and learning can cure stupidity; Farewell for three days, impressive.
19. The author doesn't feel a little inferior because the conditions of food, clothing, housing and transportation are a little worse than "living in the same family", which shows that his heart is full and his ambition is high. Please make up the missing couplets in combination with his life.
The negative burden of procrastination makes teachers suffer; Bend down and study hard.
Read the second paragraph and answer the questions.
Now all the students are studying in imperial academy, and the county officials have a little support every day. Their parents inherited Qiu Ge's legacy at the age of 20, so they were protected from the cold. Sit downstairs and recite "poems" and "books" without running around; There are teachers, doctors are teachers, and those who don't ask, don't tell, ask but can't; All the books should be kept here. There is no need to record them through other people's hands and read them later. If you don't have a good career, you don't succeed in morality, and you don't have a low sex, you don't have a good heart and others are embarrassed.
Reply time: June 22, 2006
211.160.73. * Third floor
1. This article is selected from Song Lian, the author of Song Anthology, and Zhu Yuanzhang called him "the head of the founding civil servants"; Liu Ji called him "the first article today". He was the first of the "three great poets" in the early Ming Dynasty. One of the "four bachelors in the early Ming Dynasty".
2. Explain the meaning of the words added below in the text.
(1) County officials provide a little support every day (referring to the imperial court; State-supplied food) (2) Qiu Ge's legacy (summer clothes; Give)
(3) No cold (hunger; Trouble) (4) unnatural inferiority complex (talent, human intelligence; Low)
3. What did the second paragraph say?
Write about the superiority of students' learning conditions.
4. What are the advantages of "Tai Student"? Please give a general answer.
Four aspects: worry-free food and clothing (not afraid of freezing); No need to run (no need to run hard); There are doubts that can be solved (it is not difficult to ask the teacher) (or there are good teachers to teach you); A complete bibliography).
5. The reason why "Imperial College" didn't achieve anything was "not expert in heart", not "inferior in nature".
6. What are the main sentences in this article? What does this sentence mean? What conclusion can you draw from the expression of the main sentence? )
If you don't have a good career, you don't succeed in morality, and you don't have a low sex, you don't have a good heart and others are embarrassed.
It is concluded that whether academic and moral achievements are achieved mainly depends on subjective efforts.
7. How to understand the sentence "The heart is not like a spare ear" in the article?
Tell the students that the way to learn lies in concentration and concentration, and human subjective factors play a decisive role.
8. Write the words in this paragraph that are compared with the above four groups.
○ 1 "serve a little every day" and "if you eat it again every day, you won't enjoy the taste of fresh fat." Contrast;
○2 "There is a legacy of Qiu Ge at the age of two" and "One robe and one dress";
○3 "Sitting downstairs reciting poems, reading books and dragging in the ravine." contrast
○4 Comparison between "All suitable books are collected here" and "Every time I borrow them from the library, I have to record them myself and count the days to return them"
9. In order to better achieve the purpose of inspiring, encouraging and educating young people to study hard, this paper also successfully uses the contrast method. Please talk about the function of this article in your own language.
○ 1 Comparison of living conditions between "me" and "roommate";
○2 "I" learning experience and Taiwan students' excellent learning environment.
Function: Through comparison, naturally draw a conclusion (or deduce an argument) to highlight the main idea. Different and convincing.
10. What is the reason why "Tai Student" has accomplished nothing? Answer in your own words according to the full text.
"Taiwanese students" have achieved nothing because they lack the spirit and perseverance to fight hard.
1 1. The hardship of the author's learning conditions in the first paragraph contrasts with the superiority of the students' learning conditions in the second paragraph. What did you learn from it?
The author intends to show that he can be proficient in his career and achieve something in virtue in suffering; However, under superior conditions, it is possible that the industry is not refined and the morality is not up to standard. The fundamental reason is that the intention is not specialized.
12. Read the second paragraph carefully and talk about which choice do you prefer between "oral work" and "enough play"?
I am in favor of "having fun".
Because spiritual enjoyment is the greatest happiness in life.
"A gentleman doesn't want to eat enough, and he doesn't want peace. He is more sensitive than his words and just right. "
13. What do the authors think are the reasons why too many students fail in their studies? Do you agree with him? Why?
The fundamental reason is lack of dedication; Agree with this point of view, superior learning conditions may not necessarily lead to excellent grades, academic and moral growth, depending on whether you work hard subjectively.