How to carry out the rational layout of rural land use

I. Status of Land Use Our district is located in the junction of the mountainous areas in the south-central part of Zhejiang Province and the coastal warm and yellow plains. It is mountainous, with a large forestland area of 435 14.8 1 hectare, accounting for 44% of the total land area, with per capita 1. 143 mu, less cultivated land, with a total cultivated land area of 127658. According to statistics, by the end of 2002, the protected area of basic farmland was 1 1767 hectares, most of which were fertile fields with high and stable yield. In 2002, the multiple cropping area of grain in the whole region was 1 1767 hectares, and the total grain output was 67,348 tons. In 2002, the total fruit area in the whole region was 9388 hectares, and the total fruit output was 128500 tons. At the same time, as one of the three major components of Taizhou urban built-up area, the urban built-up area has a total area of about 1 067.9 hectares and an urban population of about 273,000. The urbanization level of the whole region is 48.4%, and the per capita urban land is 65.5 square meters. The total area of rural residential land in the whole region is 3376. 1 hectare, accounting for 34.5% of residential land and industrial and mining land in the whole region. In addition, the total traffic area is 8 12.57 hectares, and the planned area of Huangyan Economic Development Zone is 9 12 hectares. Second, the main problems in land use 1. The contradiction between farmland protection and non-agricultural construction land is acute. The per capita arable land in the whole region is less than 0.4 mu. Although 1995 has adjusted and demarcated the basic farmland protection areas, there are still some problems in the total area of basic farmland and grain fields. We must strengthen the management of all kinds of cultivated land occupied by non-agricultural construction and agricultural restructuring, implement land use control, strictly control the natural population growth, earnestly implement the basic national policy, and control the sharp decline of cultivated land. 2. The utilization efficiency of existing construction land is low, and the potential of land bearing function and agglomeration effect needs to be brought into play. The current residential area and industrial and mining land area account for 4.84% of the total area of the region. Due to the lack of reasonable planning, rural residential areas and independent industrial and mining land are scattered, which is obviously not conducive to the implementation of the principles of zoning and appropriate concentration in land use layout. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out land consolidation, implement the land development strategy of concentrating industries on parks, rural settlements on central villages and cultivated land on a large scale, appropriately increase the overall floor area ratio of buildings in urban central areas, and give full play to the bearing function and agglomeration effect of urban land. In addition, the idle land of some enterprises and the school parks in the village also need to be revitalized. 3. The land use structure is not reasonable enough. The land use structure of the whole region is not reasonable enough. Driven by economic interests, some areas only pay attention to economic benefits, ignoring social and ecological benefits. There are some problems, such as changing fertile land into orange orchards and fish ponds at will, ignoring the construction of water conservation forests and shelter forests, and expanding the market town area too fast. 4. Lack of land reserve resources. The total area of unused land in the whole region is 13778.94 hectares, mainly distributed in low hills and river valleys, with a small amount distributed in plains. Most of the unused land is mountainous grassland, and the wet grassland with good ecological environment is well protected, with an area of 1 1244.20 hectares, accounting for about 8 1.60%, followed by ridge, accounting for about 17%. Some unused land can increase the area of some agricultural and forestry land and construction land after development and consolidation. Due to unscientific land use and environmental pollution, the soil quality in some areas has deteriorated. Three. The development and utilization potential of land resources (I) The land potential of agriculture, forestry and aquaculture industry in the whole region is about 9,000 hectares of low-yield fields, 900 hectares of low-yield fruit, tea and mulberry gardens, 0.37 million hectares of low-yield forests and 2,220 hectares of low-yield water surface. The output rate of this part of land can be improved by increasing investment in science and technology and adjusting the way of utilization. Part of the land is used for farming and forestry, and a certain amount of cultivated land can be added after consolidation. (2) Potential of existing construction land 1, urban land transformation and industrial and mining land renovation: At present, residential land and industrial and mining land in the whole region are 5 1 and 6 1.3 hectares, which have some problems, such as too scattered layout, low urban building volume ratio and low land use intensity. The spatial value of land needs to be further developed. Accelerate the pace of old city reconstruction, properly concentrate the layout of industrial land, close, gather, shut down, merge, transfer some inefficient and polluting enterprises in urban areas, or concentrate them in industrial development zones. Carry out secondary development of the land after the relocation of enterprises to improve the building floor area ratio. 2. Consolidation of rural residential areas and land replacement: Rural residential areas are scattered, and it is easy to form some "dead corners" that cannot be developed and utilized, resulting in idle land waste. Renovating "hollow villages" and "dead corners" by shrinking rural residential areas and land replacement can reduce the number of natural villages and the waste of rural land, and improve the intensive utilization level of rural construction land. (III) Development Potential of Reserve Land Resources At present, there are still 470 hectares of wasteland suitable for agriculture, more than 2,000 hectares of forest land suitable for fruit, water surface suitable for agriculture 1.360 hectares and tidal flat suitable for agriculture 1.8 hectares in the whole region. The average annual total water resources13.83100000 cubic meters, of which surface water11570000 cubic meters, accounting for 83.75%, and groundwater100000 cubic meters, accounting for 16.35%. At present, 636 large, medium and small reservoirs have been built in the whole region, with a reservoir pool 139, a volume of more than 100 cubic meters, a storage capacity of 758160,000 cubic meters, a water area of1square kilometer and a storage capacity of/kloc-. The total annual water demand of the whole region is 476.5438+0 million cubic meters, including 206 million cubic meters for agriculture, 253 million cubic meters for industry and 654.380+024500 cubic meters for domestic water. Under the existing water conservancy facilities, the available water supply in the whole region is 396 million cubic meters. The reserve of hydraulic resources in the whole region is 68,000 kilowatts, and the installed capacity is 30,500 kilowatts. At present, 47 small hydropower stations have been built, with an installed capacity of 42,000 kilowatts, accounting for 6 1.8% of the exploitable hydropower resources. Second, the problems existing in the utilization of water resources (I) The water pollution situation is serious. Huangyan is the industrial center of Taizhou, and the fine chemical industry and food industry are particularly developed. Water pollution is serious. Rivers and lakes in many places are constantly polluted, and some of them have disappeared. At present, the water pollution in the whole region is serious, which reduces the available water resources and intensifies the pressure of insufficient water resources. (B) serious waste of water resources. There are different procedures of waste in all parts of our district, whether it is industrial water, agricultural water or domestic water, especially agricultural water, which is very serious because there is no good facilities. The reuse rate of industrial water is generally below 60%, far from the advanced level of more than 90%. At the same time, the consumption and waste of domestic water are also great. (III) Serious flood disaster Due to the complex terrain and uneven distribution of rainfall in our region during the year, flood disaster has always been the main natural disaster in our region. The serious siltation of Yongning River undoubtedly aggravated the disaster and the number of occurrences. Especially in the western mountainous areas, several main tributaries of Yongning River have floods almost every year. Third, the development potential of water conservancy (1) the utilization potential of water resources 1, sewage treatment can increase the available water resources. At present, 46% of industrial wastewater in the whole region is directly discharged into rivers without treatment, causing serious water pollution. The water in many rivers and lakes in Chengguan and its surrounding areas has lost its use value. Through water pollution control, unusable water resources can be reused. In 2002, our region treated 3.4 million tons of industrial wastewater. 2, strengthen the construction of water conservancy facilities, increase the available water. The surface runoff in our region varies greatly from year to year and is unevenly distributed during the year. The maximum annual surface runoff is 1.89 million cubic meters, and the minimum annual surface runoff is 856 million cubic meters. In a year, the flood season runoff accounts for about 75~80% of the total annual runoff. Yongning River is the main river in our area. Since the completion of 1962, Changtan Reservoir has stored nearly 50% of the incoming water in the upper reaches of Yongning River. 3. Strengthen water conservation and improve the utilization rate of water resources. Our region has great water-saving potential. At present, the reuse rate of industrial water is very low, and the consumption and waste of domestic water are also great. At present, agricultural production adopts flood irrigation, and the water utilization coefficient is low. Improving agricultural cultivation techniques and gradually adopting irrigation methods such as sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation and micro-irrigation can increase the water use coefficient to 85%-90%. (2) The development potential of hydropower resources is still 6.5438+0.5 million kilowatts. (1) The annual average temperature in western mountainous areas is between 12 ~ 17℃, and its distribution characteristics decrease from low altitude to high altitude. The temperature inversion is obvious in winter and spring. In summer, the humid southeast monsoon blowing from the sea produces a lot of precipitation due to the uplift of the terrain. The annual precipitation in western mountainous areas is above 1800 mm, and it shows the characteristics of increasing with the elevation. It is very beneficial to the development of trees, tea and alpine vegetables. (2) The average annual temperature in the eastern river network area is 17~ 17.5℃, and the frost-free period is 277 days. Its heat condition is the highest in the whole region, with annual rainfall1841~1937 mm and dryness of 0.53, which is suitable for continuous cropping of rice and citrus in spring. (3) The climate change in the high temperature area of Changtan Reservoir is influenced by water bodies, resulting in high temperature, high humidity and local microclimate area, with an annual average temperature of 65,438 07.6℃ and a frost-free period of 260-270 days. The start date of 10℃ is in early March, and other places in our region are generally in mid-March. This area is suitable for developing the production of cash crops such as warm fruits. Second, the main meteorological disasters (1) Low temperature and rainy weather mainly appear in spring, late spring, early summer and autumn. There are frequent cold and warm air activities in spring, and there will be continuous rain every year, which will seriously affect early rice seedling raising, citrus flowering and fruiting, and the growth of wheat, tea and other crops. Low temperature in autumn is harmful. If the average daily temperature is lower than 20℃ (japonica rice) or 23℃ (indica rice) for three consecutive days in the middle and late September, it will often affect the heading and flowering of continuous cropping late rice, resulting in an increase in rice yield and a decrease in yield per unit area. (2) Rainstorm The number of rainstorms with daily rainfall ≥50 mm occurs about 5 times a year on average, and heavy rainstorms with daily rainfall ≥ 100 mm occur 1~2 times a year on average; Heavy rain ≥ 150 mm occurs once a year on average, and most of the heavy rain occurs in meiyu period and typhoon period. (3) Typhoon Our area may be affected by typhoon from May to165438+1October, and may also be attacked by direct landing from June to 65438+1October. But the most influential, most likely landing period is mainly concentrated in July-September. There are 2-3 typhoons every year on average. (4) Summer drought and autumn drought are the most prominent droughts. After the rainy season every year, it is controlled by subtropical high from July to September, and the weather is sunny and hot. If there is no typhoon here, it is easy to have a persistent drought. The arid areas are mostly in the western mountainous areas and semi-mountainous areas. (5) Hail The hail hazard in our area is localized, generally occurring in spring and summer, especially in spring.