How to integrate elements of ancient architecture into modern architecture

Abstract: Modern architecture should be based on the transformation or renewal of traditional forms, and its inevitable effect is that architecture contains profound cultural connotations. However, most modern buildings are not like this. They abandoned the old cultural foundation in the past and adopted new world trends to build the building itself. There is only one result: the integration of world culture, without our own cultural accumulation and creation value for thousands of years, what is necessary for our tradition has not been preserved. Therefore, in the face of the social environment and architectural field full of this phenomenon, we should find a correct way and learn a lot from the experience of our predecessors that is helpful to modern architecture. Most modern buildings in China are the products of pre-multiculturalism, but there are still many wonderful parts which are produced by absorbing the essence of ancient buildings in China, which are reflected in the appearance, modeling, space and planning of buildings.

Keywords: architecture; Design; Ancient architecture; element

The architecture in China, especially the ancient architecture in China, grows and develops in the soil of ancient traditional culture in China, and has distinctive national cultural characteristics. In ancient China, most people's way of thinking was influenced by the Book of Changes, and they thought that if anything was understood in the context of the Book of Changes, its regularity could be found. The same is true in architecture. For example, why ancient buildings in China prefer wood to stone is not a technical problem, but a social and cultural phenomenon. "Gold, wood, water, fire and earth", "wood" symbolizes spring, green and life, and is used to build houses for the living; And "earth" is brick and stone, "nothing in this life, renewable", mostly used to build graves and burial rooms for the dead. Eight diagrams, yin and yang, five elements, geomantic omen, etc. all have many influences on ancient architecture in China. Therefore, the ancient architecture in China has obvious "easy" nature.

First, the characteristics of ancient buildings in China

Generally speaking, the characteristics of ancient architecture in China can be divided into many aspects. Let's take a look at its structure first.

Wood structure is the main structural form of buildings, and the reasons have been discussed above. However, from the general perspective of geomantic omen, wood is the main building material of ancient buildings, mainly to create a unique wood structure form, which can not only meet the actual functional requirements, but also create beautiful architectural forms and corresponding architectural styles. This is a building material. Secondly, the building structure. Bucket arch structure is the main building structure. Bucket arch is composed of vertical and horizontal short wood and bucket-shaped square wood. It is a transitional component between columns and beams, and gradually develops into an integral structural layer between upper and lower column grids or between column grids and roof beams. It is an ingenious form of wood structure in ancient China. The third and most important point is the standardization of single building. In ancient China, buildings for any purpose were composed of thousands of single buildings. Regardless of the scale of a single building, its outline is composed of three parts: step foundation, house body and roof: the following is the masonry step foundation, which supports the whole house; Standing on the step foundation is a house with wooden columns as the skeleton and doors and windows partitions installed inside; Above it is a wooden roof truss, which makes a soft and elegant curve and extends around the house, and is covered with blue-gray tiles or glazed tiles.

The year before last, when China's culture accumulated, it also had a considerable impact on architecture. First of all, there is no real architectural theory. The emergence of architecture as a discipline is a modern thing. What guides the development of architecture is abstract philosophical theory, established moral norms and concrete political system. This and modern architecture are two completely different concepts. In ancient times, the traditional Confucian etiquette thought was the main idea guiding architectural creation, while metaphysics and geomantic omen were the auxiliary ideas.

Second, the integration of ancient architectural elements in modern architecture.

Most people think that tradition has passed, and modern things have almost no traditional elements. It's wrong to think like this. Because the feudal system ruled people for thousands of years, the values and lifestyles of ancient people in China did not change much, and the requirements for architecture could not change much. So some people say that the ancient buildings in China have been the same for thousands of years. However, it should be noted that ancient relics cannot be simply praised or belittled. They are formed after thousands of years of development and should be judged in a specific historical background. Due to different perspectives, some people think that China ancient architecture has a long history and strong vitality.

First of all, China was a feudal country in ancient times. Confucianism and religious system have ruled people's thoughts for a long time, so the result must be the supremacy of imperial power and clear hierarchy. Therefore, almost all the buildings built by ancient architects are based on this point, so the architecture obviously permeates these aspects: using the environment to render different emotional appeal and atmosphere, so that people can get a variety of aesthetic feelings; Then specify different building grades, including volume, color, style, decoration, etc. To express the social system and architectural content; At the same time, we also try our best to use many figurative auxiliary arts, even the words of plaques and inscriptions, to reveal and explain the character and content of the building. Important buildings, such as palaces, temples and temples, have specific symbolic themes. For example, Qin Shihuang built Xianyang, the palace symbolized Wei Zi, Weishui symbolized Tianhan, and Shanglinyuan dug ponds symbolized Penglai in the East China Sea. In Qing Dynasty, Kangxi and Qianlong built Yuanmingyuan, Summer Resort and Eight Temples outside Chengde to simulate important national buildings and places of interest, symbolizing unity in the city. There are five rooms and twelve halls in the hall, symbolizing everything in the world. The composition of some thorn temples symbolizes the Buddhist world such as Mount Sumi. All these show that traditional architecture attaches importance to the character and symbolic significance of architecture. In fact, although these features are not clear in today's architecture, they are still influenced to some extent. There are many vivid examples, for example, most government office buildings, their front halls, exterior wall materials, interior decoration and so on. , all show their dignity and rights. The extensive use of white marble and marble, the three-story Roman or Gothic columnar gate and the magnificent and noble famous trees around it are all buildings that show their own characteristics to the outside world. It's just that the overall form of architecture has been globally integrated. But the fundamental significance is to follow the previous architectural features and positions. Part of the reason may be that modern buildings are much taller than ancient buildings, so they look overbearing, but I think the main reason is the influence of traditional concepts on architects.

On the other hand, people are born with nostalgia, so for some buildings, people need to see the obvious shadow of traditional architecture. For the time being, no matter whether this kind of building has a good or bad influence on architectural culture. We just need to see that this phenomenon still exists. Their appearance reflects people's understanding of tradition, but these classical elements are imposed on modern architecture under the condition of incomplete understanding, and there is a general trend of flooding in the whole architectural world now. Add tile roofs to some windows, build roof backbones on some roofs, and then fill the roofs. These are the concrete products of people's natural nostalgia consciousness, and what they get is the abnormal fruit without thinking. But this is also a cultural tendency, a cultural process, or a necessary process under the development of social environment, but we must look at them with a correct eye.