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Which continent is Pakistan in?

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Palestine, also known as the State of Palestine, is a country in the Middle East established by Arabs living in the Israeli-occupied areas of the West Bank and Gaza Strip in Palestine.

Palestine has a subtropical Mediterranean climate and the main belief is Islam. Palestine's main mineral reserves include: natural gas, oil, coal, iron, bauxite, large amounts of chrome ore, marble and gemstones.

Palestine was called Canaan in ancient times.

Around the 20th century BC, the Semitic Canaanites settled in the coastal plains of Palestine.

The Philistines established a country on the coast in the 13th century BC. At the end of the 13th century BC, Hebrew tribes invaded and settled in Canaan.

From 1020 BC to 923 BC, the Jews established the Hebrew Kingdom. Later, Assyria, Babylonia, Persia and other foreign nations occupied Palestine.

The Roman Empire invaded in the 1st century BC, and most of the Jews fled to various parts of the world.

In 622 AD, the Arabs defeated the Roman Empire and took over Palestine, becoming part of the Arab Empire. As the Arabs continued to immigrate and assimilate with the local indigenous people, the modern Palestinian Arabs gradually formed.

Palestine became part of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century.

In 1920, the British divided Palestine into east and west parts using the Jordan River as the boundary. The east part was called Transjordan, and the west part still called Palestine a British mandate. At the end of the 19th century, instigated by the "Zionist Movement", a large number of Jews immigrated to Palestine, causing constant bloody conflicts with the local Arabs.

The process of founding the country

Main articles: Palestinian-Israeli conflict, Palestinian-Israeli peace talks

After World War II, with the support of Britain and the United States, in 1947 The United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution 181, which stipulated that after the end of the British Mandate in 1948, Palestine established the Jewish State (approximately 15,200 square kilometers), the Arab State (approximately 11,500 square kilometers), and the internationalization of Jerusalem (176 square kilometers).

Israel supported the resolution and established the State of Israel on May 14, 1948. The Arab countries opposed and rejected the resolution, and declared war on Israel on May 15, the day after the founding of the state. As a result, they were defeated and occupied most of the land in the Arab region stipulated in the above-mentioned resolution. In addition, Jordan occupied 4,800 square kilometers of land in the West Bank. ; 258 square kilometers of the Gaza Strip are occupied by Egypt.

The first Palestinian National Council meeting held in Jerusalem in May 1964 decided to establish the Palestine Liberation Army.

On June 5, 1967, the third Middle East War broke out. In this war, Israel occupied the West Bank and Gaza Strip, that is, the entire Palestine. Many Palestinians were forced to live in surrounding Arab countries and around the world and became refugees.

In 1969, Arafat served as Chairman of the PLO Executive Committee.

In September 1978, Egypt, Israel and the United States signed the Camp David Accords. The Palestinians in the occupied territories obtained limited autonomy, but the PLO refused to accept autonomy.

The 19th Special Session of the Palestinian National Council held in Algiers on November 15, 1988 adopted the Declaration of Independence and declared the establishment of a Palestinian state with Jerusalem as its capital in Palestine. The declaration clearly stated that Pakistan accepted Resolution 181 (Partition Resolution) adopted by the UN General Assembly on November 29, 1947. The border issue with Pakistan is left to be resolved through negotiations later.

In December 1988, Arafat recognized Israel's right to exist. After secret negotiations, Israel and Palestine signed a peace agreement and proposed a Palestinian autonomy plan.

On May 4, 1994, Palestine and Israel signed a historic agreement in Cairo on the implementation of limited autonomy in Gaza and Jericho. On May 12, the Palestinian National Authority was established. On July 12 of the same year, Arafat returned to Gaza after 27 years of exile.

In May 1994, according to the agreement reached between Palestine and Israel, Palestine implemented limited autonomy in Gaza, Jericho and other places. Since 1995, according to various agreements signed by Palestine and Israel, the Palestinian autonomous region has gradually expanded, and Palestine has gradually recovered and controlled approximately 2,500 square kilometers of land including Gaza and the West Bank.

On May 12, 1994, the Palestinian National Authority was established.

The Palestinian-Israeli peace talks have not reached agreement on thorny issues such as the ownership of Jerusalem, Jewish settlements, the return of Palestinian refugees, and the demarcation of the Palestinian-Israeli border, and the conflict continues.

In June 2007, Hamas captured the Gaza Strip in a conflict with Fatah. Since then, the two major factions have gone their separate ways. Among them, Hamas occupies Gaza, while Fatah governs the West Bank and is supervised by the Palestine Liberation Organization.

Palestine has become a United Nations observer entity since November 1974. At that time, Palestinian activities at the United Nations were conducted in the name of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).

After the establishment of the State of Palestine was proclaimed on November 15, 1988, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution on December 15 of the same year, deciding to officially use the name "Palestine" in the United Nations to replace the originally used title of "Palestine Liberation". [3].

Although Palestine's declaration of statehood has been recognized by the vast majority of United Nations member states, it is not a formal member of the United Nations, has no voting rights, and only has observer status. Since the establishment of the Palestinian state, Palestine and Arab countries have repeatedly requested the United Nations General Assembly to upgrade Palestine's United Nations observer status to member state status, but they have been firmly opposed by Israel and the United States [3].

In December 1997, based on the new situation emerging in the Middle East peace process, Arab countries formally submitted a draft resolution to the United Nations General Assembly, requesting that Palestine's status in the United Nations be upgraded to a non-voting one, second only to that of a full member state. Rights member.

In July 1998, the United Nations General Assembly passed the resolution with an overwhelming majority vote[3]. Although the resolution did not fully meet the requirements of the above-mentioned draft resolution, Palestine's status in the United Nations was improved[3].

In early September 2010, the Palestinian-Israeli peace talks were interrupted shortly after their resumption, and Palestine subsequently decided to use the diplomatic strategy of seeking to join the United Nations to promote the establishment of an independent Palestinian state.

On September 23, 2011, Pakistan submitted an application to United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, seeking to become the 194th full member state of the United Nations. However, it failed to obtain support from the Security Council due to opposition from the United States and Israel [3].

The Palestinian state has never been formally recognized by the United Nations after World War II. However, Pakistan has always adhered to the nation-building movement, and since 2011 it has also actively promoted its entry into the United Nations.

According to regulations, to join the United Nations as an independent country, relevant proposals must first be adopted by the Security Council and make recommendations to the United Nations General Assembly, and then must be approved by two-thirds of the member states of the United Nations General Assembly. Based on the current 192 member states of the UN General Assembly, Pakistan needs the support of at least 128 countries to become a full member of the United Nations.

In June 2011 [4], Mansour, the permanent observer of Palestine to the United Nations, stated that nearly 120 countries have expressed their support for Palestine and Israel to join the United Nations as an independent country.

On October 31, 2011, the General Conference of UNESCO voted to adopt a proposal for Palestine to join the organization as a member state. This is the first time that Pakistan has been allowed to join a United Nations agency as a member state, and it also provides a favorable factor for Pakistan's eventual admission to the United Nations [3].

In September 2012, Pakistan announced that it would seek to become a United Nations observer state during the 67th session of the United Nations General Assembly. On November 29, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution with 138 votes in favor, 9 votes against, and 41 abstentions, deciding to grant Palestine observer state status in the United Nations [3]. As a country that mainly persecuted Jews in World War II, Germany's attitude was to abstain. Britain's attitude towards assisting the Jews to return to Palestine and establish the state of Israel was also to abstain from voting. Its reason for abstaining was that it would only vote in favor if the Palestinians promised in the future that they would not send Israel to the International Court of Justice. Israel, led by the United States, and some small countries in the South Pacific such as Nauru, including the Czech Republic, the only EU country, voted against it.

On November 29, 2012, in the West Bank city of Ramallah, people took to the streets to celebrate Palestine becoming a United Nations observer state.

The United Nations General Assembly decided to grant Palestine observer state status in the United Nations and hopes that the Security Council will actively consider Palestine's application to become a full member of the United Nations submitted on September 23, 2011. The resolution also urges all countries, specialized agencies and organizations of the United Nations system to continue to support and assist the Palestinian people in realizing their rights to self-determination, independence and freedom at an early date. On the same day, Palestinian President Abbas led a delegation to attend the meeting. [5] Before Pakistan was upgraded, the only observer state was the Vatican [6].

On April 1, 2014, Pakistan restarted the application process to join the United Nations agency and resumed seeking further recognition by the United Nations.

On September 30, 2015, the Palestinian flag was raised for the first time at the United Nations Headquarters in New York, USA. [7]

On December 13, 2017, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation announced in Istanbul, Turkey, that it recognized East Jerusalem as the capital of the Palestinian state.

Palestine is composed of two parts. The Gaza area is located in the southwest of Israel and the northeast of Egypt. The Gaza area has a 40-kilometer-long coastline. The Gaza area covers an area of ​​365 square kilometers, and part of it is the West Bank. The area is located in the east-central part of Israel and the west part of Jordan, covering an area of ​​5,800 square kilometers. Palestine currently consists of Gaza and the West Bank. Gaza is fully controlled by Hamas, and the West Bank is actually controlled by the Palestinian National Authority. After the Madrid Peace Conference, Palestine gradually recovered approximately 2,500 square kilometers of land through peace talks with Israel. [1]

Climate Characteristics

Palestine has a subtropical Mediterranean climate, with hot and dry summers. The hottest months are July and August, with temperatures as high as around 38°C. Winter is slightly cold, humid and rainy, with an average temperature of 4-11℃, and the coldest month is January. The rainy season is from December to March of the following year, and there is a huge difference in rainfall between the north and the south. The average precipitation in the northernmost part is 900 mm, while that in the southernmost part is only about 50 mm.

Palestine’s main mineral reserves include: 492 billion cubic meters of natural gas, 184 million barrels of oil, 185 billion tons of coal, 430 million tons of iron, 74 million tons of bauxite, as well as large amounts of chrome ore, marble and gemstones .

Palestine is divided into two parts: the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.

According to a map drawn by the Palestinian Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation in October 1997, the West Bank is divided into 11 provinces: Jenin, Tulkarem, Tubas, Nablus, Jericho, Jerusalem, and Bethlehem. , Karzia, Hebron, Salfit, Ramallah El Bar Governorate.

The Gaza Strip is divided into 5 provinces: Northern Province, Gaza, Deir el-Baleh, Han Younis, and Rafah. [1]

At present, all Palestinian government agencies are located in the city of Ramallah, but Palestine advocates that the future capital be located in Jerusalem (Jerusalem), which is the holy city of Christianity, Islam and Judaism. In November 1988, the 19th Special Session of the Palestinian National Council adopted the Declaration of Independence and declared Jerusalem to be the capital of the State of Palestine. [1] Major government departments such as the Palestinian Presidential Palace are located in Ramallah. [8]

Ramalam is the economic, cultural and commercial center of Pakistan and the administrative center of the Palestinian National Authority in the West Bank. The city houses Arafat’s official residence and autonomous government branches. , the headquarters of the Pakistan Council (legislative body), official television and radio stations and other important departments. The offices of some countries in the Palestinian Authority are also located here

Jerusalem (English: Jerusalem; Hebrew:, Latinized: Yerushalayim or Yerushalaim; Arabic:, Latinized: al-Quds , Chinese: Gudes, or, Latin: Bayt-al-Muqaddas) is a historic city in the Levant region of the Near East, geographically located in the Judean Mountains, between the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea.

Gaza

A western Palestinian city (now controlled by Hamas), Gaza City is located in the northeast of the Gaza region. Gaza City is the administrative center of the Gaza region, close to The Gaza Strip, between the Egyptian border and the Mediterranean Sea, is connected to the coast through a gap in the dune belt. It is an important maritime gateway in southern Pakistan. It was once the main port of Pakistan and had industries such as pottery, food and textiles. Hamas has clashed with Israel many times here.