What happened when Hakkas migrated from the Central Plains?
First, let's find out where the guests come from. Hakkas call themselves "guests" and the whole world is "home". So, where did the Hakkas migrate from? How did Hakkas come into being?
The first great migration was from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, which lasted about 500 years. The core event was the Yongjia Rebellion that led to Nandu.
The Western Jin Dynasty experienced four emperors: Sima Yan, Sima Zhong, Sima Chi and Sima Ye. Yongjia (307-3 13, *** 7 years) is the title of Emperor Jin Huai. The "Yongjia Rebellion" should start with the "Eight Kings Rebellion". In 265 AD, Sima Yan established the Jin Dynasty, known as the Western Jin Dynasty in history, with Luoyang as its capital.
Ma Yan's martial arts is very good. He died after 16 years in office and passed it on to Hui Di. Because of Hui Di's dementia and incompetence, Yang Jun, the assistant minister, and Jia Nanfeng, the empress, scrambled to manipulate Hui Di to control state affairs, which aroused the dissatisfaction of the royal family and court ministers. In the imperial court, eight vassal kings fought for the throne, which lasted 16 years, and there was chaos in the country. This is the rebellion of the Eight Kings.
In Yongjia period (307-3 13, * * 7 years), five ethnic minorities, namely Xiongnu, Xianbei, Anta, Di and Qiang, successively entered the Central Plains, constantly attacking the regime of the Western Jin Dynasty, leading to its demise. History is called "Yongjia Rebellion" or "Five Rebellions". Yongjia five years (365,438+065,438+0), in April, Xiongnu Liu Cong sent Schleswig, Liu Yao to attack Jin, annihilated 100,000 Jin troops in Pingcheng (now southwest Henan) and killed Yan and other governors. He also invaded Luoyang, the capital of Beijing, captured Emperor Huai alive, killed more than 30,000 princes and civilians, wantonly excavated tombs and burned palaces. In the fourth year of Jianxing, Liu Yao, a Hun, invaded Chang 'an and captured Emperor Jin. The following year, Chen was killed. At this point, the Western Jin Dynasty perished.
With the chaos in the Central Plains and the Han national regime on the verge of extinction, with the support of Jin nobles and Jiangdong clans, he was called the King of Jin in 3 17, and became emperor in Jiankang (now Nanjing) in 3 18, and was called the Eastern Jin (3 17-420) in history.
From the Yongjia Rebellion to the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the gentry (bureaucrats) and gentry (aristocratic families) in the Central Plains fled to the south at the same speed, which is known in history as "Yongjia Rebellion, taking the crown to the south". Ordinary people also fled south in droves. The migration of Han people from the Central Plains in history is mainly in three directions: along the middle road, from the "Liu Si Rain Man" in Bingzhou (Taiyuan, Shanxi), Sizhou (Luoyang, Henan) and Yuzhou (now the eastern and southern parts of Henan and the area centered on Bozhou, Anhui) to the south of Henan, Anhui, Hubei and Jiangxi. Along the east road, Qingzhou and Xuzhou people entered Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions; Immigrants from Qin Zhou and Yongzhou in the west entered Guangdong and Guangxi.
The second great migration was from the end of the Tang Dynasty to the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, about 300 years. The core event was to avoid the Huang Chao Rebellion (875-884).
In the second year of Tang Ganfu (875), peasant uprisings broke out in Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao. During the period of 10, the peasant army swept through twelve provinces such as Shandong and Henan, which dealt a heavy blow to the rule of the Tang Dynasty. As the southern part of Wuyi Mountain, the border region of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong was not affected by the war, so it became a "paradise" for Han people who moved south to escape the war, so a large number of Han people from northern and central Jiangxi entered the border region of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong.
The third great migration was from the Southern Song Dynasty to the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, which lasted about 500 years. The core event was the invasion of the Jin people and the southward crossing of the Song Dynasty. The Yuan army invaded the south and the Song Dynasty perished. More Hakka ancestors entered the border of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong. Gannan, western Fujian and eastern Guangdong form a closely connected triangle.
The fourth great migration took place in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, about 200 years. The core events are Zheng Chenggong's moving to Taiwan and Huguang's filling in Sichuan.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng Chenggong's army was mainly active in Fujian, and the soldiers were mainly Minnans and Hakkas. When Zheng Chenggong's army recovered Taiwan Province Province and retreated to Taiwan Province Province, many Hakkas followed them to Taiwan Province Province. General Liu Guoxuan is a Hakka in Changting Sidu. In Kangxi 5 1 year, due to the vast territory and poor land in Sichuan, the court mobilized Huguang generation to fill Sichuan. As a result, the Hakkas in Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong, with expanding population and scarce land, have moved to Sichuan to reclaim land. Some Hakkas from Fujian and Guangdong moved to Jiangxi, while others moved to Guangxi and Hunan.
The fifth great migration took place during the reign of Emperor Xianfeng Tongzhi, which was caused by the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement and the Guangdong West Road incident.
After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement (185 1- 1864) led by Hong Xiuquan and Yang broke out in the first year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty, in order to avoid the pursuit of the Qing court, the Taiping Army and its families moved to southern Guangdong, Hainan Island, Southeast Asia and overseas. During the reign of Xianfeng and Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty, in Taishan, Kaiping, Enping and Gaozhou in Guangdong, most of the local Hakkas moved southward to Gaozhou, Leizhou, Qinzhou and Lianzhou in southwest Guangdong, while others moved across the sea to Hainan Island. # Yongjia Uprising #