How to Infiltrate Aesthetic Education into Chinese Teaching in Primary Schools
Due to the characteristics of Chinese subject, from a certain point of view, its aesthetic education task is more obligatory, and its role may be more significant and far-reaching. Chinese aesthetic education can effectively purify the soul, cultivate sentiment, accumulate aesthetic experience, improve aesthetic ability, cultivate imagination and develop creative thinking ability. In a word, Chinese and aesthetic education are closely related, and aesthetic education plays an important role in Chinese teaching and is of great significance to students' physical and mental development. Chinese moral education can only be achieved perfectly through aesthetic education. The idea of "moral education" is good, and the idea of "the integration of literature and Taoism" has long existed, such as Han Yu's "the theory of literature carrying Taoism", which provides a theoretical basis. But there will be all kinds of confusion in the concrete implementation. For example, 1 travel notes have been taught, so it is summarized as: "This article shows the author's thoughts and feelings of loving the motherland. As a young man in the new era, what should he do? ..... "Is this even if you are finished? Are students really well educated? Besides, Chinese has its own characteristics, and poetry seems to be full of "morality" instead of "Tao", so it is not appropriate to label all works, which is often encountered in Chinese teaching practice. However, there is 1 factor that can run through poetry and prose from beginning to end, and that is beauty. Social life, natural scenery, humanistic language and so on are very rich, and the works and articles reflecting all these are also rich and colorful, which can arouse readers' aesthetic feeling. If we can guide students to "love each other in the last poem", carefully taste the poetic nature, appreciate people with different personalities, experience the rich thoughts and feelings of human beings, feel the profound philosophy of life, appreciate the artistic beauty of architecture, painting, sculpture, music and other distinctive works, and appreciate the beauty of different styles of language ... In short, let students feel and know the world in an aesthetic way, and be edified and influenced in a subtle way. It will enable them to cultivate noble aesthetic taste and produce a strong desire to pursue loftiness, beauty and civilization from the deep heart, thus making a qualitative leap in people's ideological spirit and better realizing the expected goal of moral education. As we all know, the book How Steel was Tempered has educated and inspired several generations of young people with its vivid artistic image, making them become a new generation of industrialists. A scientist once said that it was those beautiful landscape poems and essays that made him deeply feel the cleanliness and beauty of nature and determined to devote himself to the environmental protection of the motherland. This is a great achievement of aesthetic education. The essence of moral education in this paper is aesthetic education. Only by looking at the problem in this way and putting it into practice can the Chinese subject not only have the characteristics of "tool", but also gain wider and deeper significance. The implementation of aesthetic education in Chinese subject is the key to improve students' interest in learning and teaching quality.
How to cultivate students' aesthetic taste in Chinese teaching? Below I will talk about my superficial understanding on how to cultivate students' aesthetic ability in Chinese teaching.
One is to walk into the teaching materials, so that students can directly experience the humanistic spirit of the works and improve their aesthetic taste.
Suhomlinski, an educator in the former Soviet Union, attached great importance to environmental education. He said that "the walls of the school can also talk", which embodies the silent leader. A portrait of a celebrity will sharpen students' aspirations, a philosophical quote will make students meditate, and exquisite landscape paintings will arouse students' yearning for nature and love for the motherland, and can edify and infect their spirit, morality and sentiment. As a Chinese course with rich emotional and humanistic connotations, it has a profound influence on people's spiritual field and a profound shock to students' hearts. At the same time, Chinese is at the forefront of educational reform and is the leading subject. In the process of optimizing people's quality structure and ability structure, no subject can play a comprehensive and profound role like Chinese, because successful Chinese teaching can directly promote the "harmonious development" of the educated in basic qualities such as rational understanding, ideological will, moral sentiment and aesthetic taste, thus cultivating "people with the same body of mind and body". Therefore, in teaching, we attach importance to the cultivation of students' thoughts and feelings, thinking quality and aesthetic taste in Chinese courses, deepen and strengthen the edification and infection of humanistic spirit and emotion, and at the same time, teachers should give full play to their subjective initiative, attach importance to mobilizing their emotional demands, add emotional color to knowledge and information, and make the classroom have a healthy, harmonious and warm psychological and sense of responsibility atmosphere. We should try our best to make students feel intimate and enjoyable, make the classroom atmosphere relaxed, harmonious and happy, achieve emotional integration, let students enter the best learning state, and at the same time, let students' aesthetic taste be transformed and cultivated.
(A) the beauty of image is contained in specific teaching situations, and teachers should be good at inspiring students to pursue noble quality and spiritual beauty.
"Emotion" is contained in the text content, and "context" is the whole picture of the formation of the text content. In junior high school reading teaching, creating situations to expose children to rich and real atmosphere through their senses can stimulate their enthusiasm for learning. Teachers can create an aesthetic mood through vivid narration, wonderful pictures, intuitive performance and the use of audio-visual teaching equipment, so that children can feel their feelings when they enter the state and receive aesthetic education in a subtle way.
Show beauty with illustrations and videos. A large number of illustrations with various forms, beautiful images and rich contents have been drawn in the Chinese textbooks for primary and junior middle schools. Properly guiding children to look at pictures not only cultivates their observation ability and expression ability, but also stimulates their good feelings. For example, Gu Jing is an essay with beautiful words and artistic conception. In teaching, I let the children read the text first, and then I guide the students to appreciate the illustrations in the text in order: the ancient well in the east of the village is surrounded by endless water carriers. These vivid pictures make the children relax, intoxicated and truly feel their hometown.
Use music to render and create a beautiful atmosphere. When teaching Little Sandy, I recite the text and play lyric music, so that children can induce emotions in the music, experience the beautiful heart of the little boy and be infected by the beautiful image, thus sprouting a passion and behavior of learning the inner beauty of the characters.
Describe and render beauty in language. On the basis of understanding the emotion of the text, teachers can use infectious language closely related to the theme of the text and properly cooperate with some body language, which can also arouse children's effective perception, resonate with the content of the textbook and cultivate their aesthetic perception ability.
(2) Beautiful language is tasted from wonderful words.
Primary school Chinese text, with exquisite words and vivid context. Students can turn abstract words in the text into concrete aesthetic images by reading aloud, so that the senses can taste the beauty of language through repeated aesthetic practice and gradually improve their aesthetic perception. For example, in Touching Spring, the author painted a picture of a blind child in Ye Maozhong. He used the word "touch" to write how blind children feel about touching spring. The author describes the beautiful scenery of nature in spring and how blind children touch spring from static to dynamic. Careful appreciation can also induce students to sublimate their feelings of loving Guilin's mountains and rivers into their passion of loving the motherland.
(3) True emotions require us to read carefully, meditate and appreciate the beauty of feelings.
The primary school Chinese text contains the author's strong feelings, either passionate, tragic, straightforward or implicit. Therefore, in teaching, students should understand the connotation of the work, experience the emotion in the text, and express the author's emotion in the text, so as to arouse the students' emotion, and reading expression can best touch the students' emotion with the emotion expressed by the author in the text, so that students can feel the beauty of emotion in reading. Watching the Tide is a text for Grade Four. In teaching, I guide students to read multimedia courseware with emotion. Students like to visit charming beaches, famous ocean parks and bustling markets. Finally, I asked my classmates to talk about their experiences, and some said, Hangzhou is really beautiful! Some people say that I really want to visit Hangzhou, while others say that the West Lake in Hangzhou is like a beautiful girl. The students are talking while reading, and their excitement and pride are beyond words.
Second, combined with practice, teachers should be good at broadening students' reading channels so that students can feel beauty from them.
Composition teaching in Chinese teaching is an important field for Chinese teachers to "teach and educate people". In this field, almost all Chinese teaching methods are included, from spreading cultural knowledge, training reading and writing ability, enhancing thinking consciousness, to cultivating character and sentiment and establishing life ideals, the ultimate goal of Chinese teaching can be achieved. Therefore, in order to cultivate students' aesthetic taste, it plays an extremely important role in composition teaching. It is necessary to step out of the textbook and strengthen extracurricular reading and composition practice, and there is also a broad operating space.
Chinese education is mother tongue education, with inexhaustible educational resources and unique Chinese environment. Once Chinese is associated with life, it will live immediately. For example, listening to the beauty of music, discovering the beauty of painting, appreciating the beauty of art, nature, science, society and life can all be obtained from Chinese learning, from the heart and should be applied to the pen. On the other hand, they are all ways to improve aesthetic taste. So how to cultivate students' aesthetic taste through composition teaching? The author believes that composition teaching should make students feel the beautiful world, and at the same time, construct articles with emotional attachment.
Composition teaching often starts with observation and description, which is actually the training of aesthetic taste and ability. Grasping this link can cultivate learning, accurate aesthetic orientation and good aesthetic psychology. We live in this world, and everything in nature and all beings in human society infect and influence us all the time. Beauty and ugliness, good and evil, truth and falsehood are all performed around us. How do we respond, how do we evaluate and how do we choose? This requires a correct aesthetic view and taste. Pupils' thoughts and psychology are in an unstable stage, their aesthetic orientation is uncertain, their aesthetic taste is superficial, and they are easy to drift with the tide. Teachers' guidance is very important. The key to cultivate aesthetic ability is that students can overcome the inertia of thinking, change their daily attitude into aesthetic attitude, and change the scientific classification standard into aesthetic classification standard. According to this aesthetic standard, the rainbow is no longer the product of the interaction between sunshine and rain and fog, but a bridge to happiness. Poplar stands tenaciously, just like the embodiment of farmers in the north. Because this kind of understanding is no longer a simple logical reasoning or abstract meditation, but a mutual penetration of emotion and things beyond the gestalt, it moves things from the rational world to the world where reason and reason blend. This aesthetic feeling makes everything shine with beautiful light, and inanimate things also have the meaning of life.
Cultivating students' aesthetic taste in composition teaching can improve students' observation and expressive power, improve students' cognitive ability and enhance students' thinking ability, thus enriching students' emotional world and cultivating students' character and sentiment. With the feeling of the beautiful world, the articles written by students can gradually attach themselves to sound, shape, color and emotion. They feel, conceive and write with their hearts. So as to finally form their own aesthetic angle and taste.
Creating beauty depends on rich imagination. Creating beauty is a higher realm of aesthetic education. Pupils not only have the ability to know and appreciate beauty, but also have the ability to create beauty under the careful guidance of teachers. How should Chinese teachers guide students to create beauty in Chinese teaching? According to the age characteristics of students and the learning situation of the text, students should be arranged to carry out some effective activities to create beauty
Reading aloud in Chinese teaching is an activity that students love and enjoy, which is both a process of appreciation and a process of re-creation. Readers seem to be in the artistic conception of the text, integrating their feelings with those of the author, integrating the emotional attitude of the protagonist in the work into their own life experience, grasping the emotional color of their language, and then reproducing the artistic image in the text through the tone, posture and expression when reading aloud, which arouses their strong feelings. Improve your ability to appreciate beauty and create beauty in practice. Autumn in the Great Northern Wilderness is a text in the first volume of the third grade, which describes the natural scenery and harvest scene of the Great Northern Wilderness and expresses the author's thoughts and feelings of loving the Great Northern Wilderness and the motherland. Does such a beautiful article need more explanation? At this time, instead of letting students listen to the teacher's boring analysis, it is better to let students read aloud with expressions and appreciate the beauty. So I instruct students to read aloud, by name, in groups. While reading aloud, we should properly guide them, remind them to appreciate the feelings revealed in the works, reproduce the beauty of the Great Northern Wilderness in autumn through their own reading, and let them fully enjoy the joy of re-creation.
Thirdly, in guiding students' extracurricular reading, I have also achieved perfection, improving students' aesthetic ability from the following three aspects.
(1) Interested in reading, grasping extracurricular activities.
Interest is the best teacher. Russian educator ushinski pointed out: "Without any interest, forced learning will stifle students' willingness to master knowledge. "Only when students are interested can they have a positive demand for extracurricular reading from the bottom of their hearts.
(2) Reading a good book, reading a good book, aesthetics quietly comes into being.
Curie said: "A book is a society. A good book is a good society. It can cultivate people's feelings and temperament and make people noble. " Good books educate people with healthy thoughts, inspire people with touching stories, edify people with noble sentiments, attract people with tense, thrilling and tortuous plots, and enrich people with scientific knowledge. Only by educating students to read good books can students be edified and cultivated by the beauty of labor, personality, society and nature from good books, and can they know the truth, goodness and beauty and establish a correct aesthetic view.
(3) Students' aesthetic ability germinates in reading.
Grasp the appearance, manner, language, movements and psychological activities of the characters. Speak your mind and express your thoughts. A person's words and deeds reflect his heart and show his mental outlook. The author describes people by describing their thoughts, words, actions and facial expressions to show their inner world. Therefore, when reading, we should grasp the expression, language, movements, psychological activities and appearance description of the characters to experience reading, so as to feel the mental outlook of the characters and the beauty of the characters and works.
Grasp the wonderful sentences and read them aloud. When students read after class, they mostly read silently, that is, silently. Silent reading is more conducive to understanding the content and center. Let students read wonderful sentences in extracurricular reading. Reading silent words into loud language through eyes, mouth, brain and ears helps students to have multiple senses at the same time, which is helpful to remember wonderful sentences, imagine situations and feel the beauty of artistic conception, characters and words in works.
Grasp the artistic conception and imagine reading. In order to be fascinating, the author pays more attention to the description of artistic conception. If some are at the beginning, or reveal the broad background of the story, or render a strong emotional appeal, it has a strong appeal and attracts readers to read on; Some describe specific things in detail and vividly in the article, which stimulates readers' thinking, makes them have imagination and association, and obtains aesthetic experience; Some leave readers room to think about the ending of the story or the fate of the characters or the will of the works at the end, so that readers can appreciate, analyze and feel. Therefore, when reading this part of the works, students should be required to develop reasonable imagination according to the content, let themselves enter the state, and have a * * * sound with the author, so as to feel and appreciate the artistic beauty of the works. For example, when teaching the article "Butterflies in Taiwan Province Province", the teacher guided the students to catch "They are dancing in groups between trees and flowers, on the banks of rocks and streams, just like patches of rosy clouds flying in the air." The words "these butterfly valleys are warm as spring, flowing water, towering old trees, lush weeds, birds singing and flowers smelling, and the environment is very quiet" expand the imagination space, show the appearance of butterflies and their surrounding environment that can be thought of in your mind by adding pictures, and make the original monotonous board painting composed of three people suddenly come alive, and various butterflies of different sizes appear on the blackboard, with different shapes and surroundings. Students' aesthetic interest is stimulated, and they find magic in the dull, and get aesthetic pleasure and satisfaction. They feel not only the appearance, quality and color of the aesthetic object, but also the spiritual beauty contained in the picture.
Grasp the concept and layout to read. Primary school students' oral knowledge or composition is often straightforward, and teachers always lament that students' oral and article writing ability is unclear or their article planning ability is poor. In fact, students lack knowledge and exercise. When reading after class, let the students see how the front and back are written, how the beginning and the end are written, how to read the ideas and layout of this article, and how to lay out the ideas at ordinary times. Through comparison, we know that an article should be a carefully carved work of art, which should not only have beautiful wording, vivid images and far-reaching artistic conception, but also have ingenious layout and unique opinions, so as to feel the structural beauty of reading materials and improve aesthetic ability. Let reading teaching become a big stage for students to grow up.
How to guide students to complete the creation of beauty in their compositions? In composition teaching, I adopt the following three steps: 1, guiding observation; 2. stimulate discussion; 3. finish the creation. Once I wrote an article entitled "Discovering Beauty in Life". I first give students a day's observation time to discover people and things, to observe the beauty in life, and go to class the next day to inspire students to discuss in class, because students have prepared for the day before. Therefore, the enthusiasm for speaking is very high, and many students have observed the beautiful things in life. Some say that mom is beautiful; Some say that the soul of XX students is beautiful; Others say that a pot of flowers at home is beautiful. Through enlightening discussion, students' ideas are opened and their creative enthusiasm is high. In this case, students are allowed to write and complete the creation of beauty in the process of writing.
Fourth, embody beauty in life, adhere to aesthetic education and improve aesthetic taste.
Aesthetic taste refers to aesthetic style and aesthetic taste. Because everyone's living environment, personal experience and cultural upbringing are different, they form their own different personalities, needs, hobbies and emotional experiences, and also determine a person's aesthetic taste. There are many excellent literary works in primary school Chinese textbooks, which depict colorful natural beauty from different aspects, praise the beautiful things and lofty morality in human society, and expose and criticize the backward and ugly things. When guiding students to carry out language training and aesthetic activities, we should not forget to "teach and educate people", guide them to distinguish what is beautiful and what is ugly in time, and help them develop noble and healthy aesthetic taste.
(A) beauty also exists in fairy tales, telling fairy tales and enriching the image of beauty.
Chinese teaching in primary schools mainly uses literary works for aesthetic education. Among many literary styles, children are most interested in fairy tales and stories with vivid content and easy-to-understand language. Teaching practice has proved that children's listening to healthy fairy tales and stories can obviously promote their language learning, moral cultivation and aesthetic formation. This is because primary school students have a strong imitation in both language and behavior habits. The process of telling fairy tales and stories is actually the process of enriching their hearts with beautiful language and beautiful images. There are more images of beauty in children's hearts, and their ability to appreciate beauty has increased. Therefore, Chinese teachers in primary schools should supplement some fairy tales according to the teaching content.
(2) The improvement of aesthetic level depends on the method of comparison.
Without comparison, there is no recognition. In primary school Chinese texts, there are often two things or phenomena, one is beautiful and the other is ugly. Teachers should grasp their differences and compare them so that students can understand the essential difference between beauty and ugliness. For example, the lesson "Beautiful Rooster" is about a beautiful rooster. It is compared to woodpeckers, bees and frogs. Woodpeckers are busy treating trees, bees are busy collecting honey, frogs are busy catching pests, and they are not as beautiful as cocks. The cock didn't understand why, so he asked the old horse. The old horse told it: beauty depends not only on appearance, but also on whether you can help people. The cock listened to the old horse and never went to Bimei again. Since then, he has got up early every day to crow for people. This is a good textbook for aesthetic education of students. Two comparisons can be made in teaching: one is to compare the cock who likes to brag about his beauty with the woodpecker who likes to help others to see who is beautiful; The second is to compare the performance of the rooster before and after, and see what is the real beauty. This comparison is of great help to improve students' appreciation level.
In a word, the aesthetic education methods in Chinese teaching are flexible and diverse. We should constantly explore and integrate in Chinese teaching practice, and strive to improve our ability to appreciate and understand beauty. Only in this way can aesthetic education run through Chinese teaching and cultivate students' ability to feel, appreciate and create beauty. Teachers should make full use of cultural and sports resources, constantly improve students' interest, tap students' cognitive and creative potential, and cultivate good habits of life and study, so as to continuously improve students' aesthetic ability and awareness, and realize self-realization, self-innovation and self-development in the learning process. Enable students to deepen their understanding, gain some insights, be infected by emotions, gain ideological enlightenment and enjoy aesthetic pleasure in active thinking and emotional activities.