Buffalo (U.S. city) detailed information

Buffalo, also known as Buffalo, is a port city on the east coast of Lake Erie in western New York State, United States, and the second largest city in New York State (after New York City). Buffalo is located at the south mouth of the Niagara River, across the Niagara River from Fort Erie, Canada, to the west. Expatriates living in the United States often call this city Buffalo, because Buffalo originally means buffalo. However, buffalo have never been seen here. In ancient times, there were bison and it was also a place where Indians hunted. The North American bison, commonly known as Buffalo, is how the city got its name. The urban area is 136.0 square kilometers and the population is 328,000, of which blacks account for more than a quarter. The metropolitan area includes 8 counties and covers an area of ​​4058.5 square kilometers. It is located in the lakeside plain with an average altitude of 146 meters. Winters are cold and snowy, with average temperatures below 0°C; summers are warm and hot, with average temperatures exceeding 20°C. The annual precipitation is about 900 mm. Basic introduction Chinese name: Buffalo Foreign name: Buffalo Alias: Buffalo Region: New York State, USA Telephone area code: 716 Postal area code: 14200 Geographical location: 42°52' north latitude Longitude: 78°55' west longitude Area: 136.0 Square kilometers Population: 258,959 (2013) Dialect: English Climate conditions: Temperate continental climate Famous attractions: Niagara Falls Airport: Buffalo Niagara International Airport BUF Trade development, presidential hometown, history, natural climate, population composition, industry background,economic status,biotechnology,banking,education,events,sports,country United States

State New York

County Erie County

Mayor Byron Brown Niagara Falls area

Total area 136.0 km 2

Land area 105.2 km 2 (40.6 mi 2 )

Water area 30.8 km 2 (11.9 mi 2 ) < /p>

Urban area 136 km 2 (52.5 mi 2 )

Population (2005)

Total population 279,745 Population density 2,782.4/km 2 (7,206.4/mi 2 ) < /p>

Metropolitan Area 1,254,066

Elevation 183 m (600 ft) Time Zone Eastern Standard Time (UTC-5)

Daylight Savings Time Eastern Daylight Time (UTC-4) Trade Development In 1758, French fur traders established a fur trading station here, and white people began to settle here. The Dutch established a city here in 1790 and it was officially established as a city in 1803. In 1825, the Erie Canal opened, becoming the junction point between the Lake District and the Erie Canal waterway, and Buffalo gradually prospered. After the St. Lawrence Seaway was opened to navigation in 1959, it further developed into a world-wide port (also a land and air transportation hub). The 37-mile waterfront is lined with giant warehouses. It is a major transshipment port for wheat from the United States and Canada. It is also a world-famous flour industry center and has always been the exporter of Mesabi iron ore, steel, smelting, automobiles, and machinery. Heavy industry is very developed. The industrial areas are mainly on the east bank of the Niagara River and along the shores of Lake Erie in the south of the city. Buffalo is the gateway from the Atlantic coast to the interior West. There are 6 main railway lines gathered together, serving as the railway freight center between the United States and Canada. The road network is dense, including the New York State Thruway and the Kensington Expressway. There is a modern international airport in the east of the city. Presidential Hometown Buffalo is famous in American history as the hometown of two presidents (Millard Filleman and Grover Cleveland). In 1901, President McKinley came to Buffalo to visit the Pan-American World's Fair. While giving a speech, an assassin shot him and died of his injuries a few days later. Today there is a monument to the president on Niagara Square in the heart of the city. After McKinley's death, Vice President Theodore Roosevelt, who hurriedly arrived, was sworn in as president at the Wilcox House here. The mansion has been protected as a national monument and is open to visitors. Buffalo is a large city that emerged in modern times. The urban area was planned and designed according to the capital Washington. There are 9 main streets in the shape of spokes radiating from the central downtown area. The city developed along the rivers and lakes. On the lakeside stands the 40-story Marina Midland Center Building, the tallest building in the city. The Peace Bridge spans the Niagara River and is connected to Fort Erie in Canada. The most famous place in the city is the Albright-Knox Art Gallery. It is a magnificent neoclassical building that houses a large collection of sculptures and contemporary oil paintings, including works by world-class masters such as Picasso and Rodin. . There are many parks in the city, the largest of which is Delaware Park, covering an area of ​​365 acres. The Buffalo Zoo also has a great reputation. Trees are planted all over the city, and the environment is quiet and pleasant. Viewed from an airplane, Buffalo looks like a forest city. The city's museums and the Buffalo Science Museum in Humebolt Park mainly exhibit local geology, flora and fauna, and related cultural relics.

However, what tourists want most when they come to Buffalo is not to visit the city, but to watch the natural wonders of Niagara Falls, 30 kilometers northwest of the city. Places such as the Robert Moses and Adam Baker Hydropower Station, the St. Lawrence Seaway, the Welland Canal Locks, the Aquarium and Old Fort Niagara are also places that tourists don't want to miss. Lake Erie and the Niagara River and their surrounding waters are rich in bass, sturgeon, and pike, making them great places for fishing. In short, tourism and the huge energy provided by the waterfalls have greatly promoted the prosperity and development of the vast area around Buffalo. History: The port was opened in 1801, originally named Lake Erie, later changed to Buffalo Creek, and finally abbreviated to Buffalo. Originally the word was the French word for beautiful river, and later it was named Buffalo (buffalo) based on the sound. Buffalo originally meant Asian buffalo or African buffalo, but here it refers to American bison. It was once one of the terminal stations of the "Underground Railroad". The city was established in 1851. In the 19th century, he had a relationship with several American presidents: Millard Fillmore was a permanent resident of the local area before he was elected, and was the first president of the University at Buffalo (now the State University of New York at Buffalo). Grover Cleveland lived there from 1854 to 1882 and served as mayor from 1882 to 1883. William McKinley was assassinated at the Pan-American Exposition on September 6, 1901, and died eight days later. Vice President Theodore Roosevelt was sworn in at the Wilcox Mansion that day (now the National Historic Site of Roosevelt's Inauguration). Buffalo's Navy Park on the lake - Warships. Thanks to the power plant at Niagara Falls, it became the first city in North America to receive large-scale power supply, so it was nicknamed the "City of Lights". In the early 20th century, its location at the junction of the Great Lakes and the Erie Canal attracted people from Ireland, Italy, Germany and Poland to work in the steel and flour industries. Due to population migration (the outflow is 50% of the peak population, and only a few metropolitan areas with a population of more than 1 million have experienced population decline) and the opening of the St. Lawrence Waterway, the city has declined in the past half century. After the local American football team, the Buffalo Bills, lost the Super Bowl for four consecutive years in the 1990s, newspapers blamed the "McKinley Curse" and used it to explain the football and ice hockey teams (Buffalo Bills). Sabres) have never been able to win a league title. But that myth doesn't explain the prosperity of the early 2000s and the outstanding performance of Washington and Dallas, where presidential assassinations occurred. Today, Buffalo is shedding its past image as an industrial city and repositioning itself as a cultural, educational, and medical center. In 2005, it was selected as the third cleanest city in the United States by Reader's Digest. In 2001, it was selected as "America's Friendliest City" by USA Today. It won the National City Award in 1996 and 2002. Buffalo has the reputation of "the best planned city in the United States", which benefits from the joint efforts of many world-renowned architects and planners. Olmsted, who designed Central Park, devoted himself to creating a complete park system for Buffalo, which has been preserved to this day. Buffalo was in its heyday in the 1940s and 1950s, and even many buildings in New York at that time were modeled after Buffalo. In 2005, the city's first African-American mayor was elected. Natural Climate Buffalo is known for its harsh weather, but this is not the case. Of all the major cities in the Northeast, Buffalo is the driest and sunniest, although it still rains enough to keep vegetation green and lush, resulting in a rather wet late summer. Many residents installed air conditioners and dug swimming pools, surprising tourists who thought there was only ice and snow. The local winter is indeed longer than other areas, and under the influence of the Great Lakes Effect, the average snowfall is more than that of most northern cities, but there are also many mild days in between. The city's southern suburbs have twice as many ski resorts as the snowy urban area, making it the best winter resort in the Northeast. Buffalo's occasional snowstorms are caused by cold winds blowing against the warm waters of Lake Erie. The snowfall belt formed is only 16-24 kilometers wide. The sky is clear and clear somewhere, but two or three kilometers away there is white snow coming from the lake. Because Lake Erie is shallower than the other four lakes, parts of the lake will freeze over in the winter, and the snow will stop at that time. The most famous blizzards in history may be the one in 1977, November 20, 2000, and around Christmas 2001. Buffalo competes each year with other large cities in Upstate New York for the Golden Snowball Award (winner is determined by the amount of snowfall that winter). One fact that is overlooked by the media is that Buffalo also benefits from the regulation of Lake Erie. The cool southwest wind relieves the hottest days, so summer is very pleasant. According to official weather records, Buffalo is one of only three cities in the United States that has never recorded a temperature above 100 degrees Fahrenheit (the other two are, ironically, Miami and Honolulu). It is also the city with the most private swimming pools per capita in the United States. Various water sports are popular, and the fishing conditions are unique because it has the richest freshwater fish resources in the United States (fishing can be found in the Niagara River, Lake Erie and various tributaries, including glass zander, yellow perch, large and smallmouth bass, trout, northern pike, pike and imported salmon).

"Falling City" Buffalo Population composition Like other old industrial cities in the Great Lakes region, Buffalo has experienced half a century of population decline and urban decline due to factory closures, declining canal shipping volume, and suburbanization. The city's population peaked in 1950, when it was the fifteenth largest city in the United States, with a population of 580,000. Since then, its population has declined, especially in the 1970s, when the city lost 22.7% of its population. According to the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau, Buffalo's population was 261,310, only slightly higher than the level in 1890, having experienced a cycle of nearly 120 years. According to the 2010 census, downtown Buffalo had just over 260,000 people, and the 2013 estimate showed further decline, with a population of 258,959. The population density is 2565.8 people per square kilometer. According to the 2010 census, whites accounted for 50.4% (non-Hispanic/Hispanic whites accounted for 45.8%), African Americans 38.6%, Asians 3.2%, Indians 0.8%, other races 3.9%, mixed races 3.1%, Hispanics/Latinx Ethnic (may be of any of the above races) 10.5%. In 2000, the five most populous ethnic groups based on the nationality of their ancestors were Germans (13.6%), Irish (12.2%), Italians (11.7%), Polish (11.7%), and British (4.0%). %). Among the more than 120,000 households in the city, 28.6% have minors under the age of 18, 27.6% are married couples, 22.3% are single women, and 45.4% are single residents without families. 37.7% of the residents are individuals living together, and 12.1% are empty-nest singles over 65 years old. The average household size is 2.29 people per household, and the average family size is 3.07 people. 26.3% of the urban population in the US-Canada Bridge are minors under the age of 18, 11.3% are between 18 and 24 years old (youth), 29.3% are between 25 and 44 years old (prime adults), and 19.6% are between 45 and 64 years old. years (middle-aged), and 13.4% of people over 65 years old. The median age is 34 years old. There are 88.6 men for every 100 women and 83.5 men for every 100 adult women. Generally speaking, there are more women than men. The annual income per household in the city is relatively low, only $24,536. The median household income is $30,614. Men earn an average of $30,938, while women earn $23,982. The city's per capita income is only $14,991. 26.6% of the population and 23% of households are below the poverty line. 38.4% of the total population are minors under the age of 18, and 14% of the elderly over the age of 65 live below the poverty line. In 2006, the combined population of Erie County and Niagara County was more than 1.15 million, of which 82.2% were whites, 13% African Americans, 3.3% Hispanics, 1.32% Asians, 0.6% Indians, and other ethnic groups. 1.4%. Nearly 40% of the population in the metropolitan area is under 18 or over 64, with the median age being 38. 82.88% of the total population has a high school diploma, of which 23.2% has a bachelor's degree. The median annual household income is $48,400, while the per capita annual income is only $39,000. About 8% of the population is below the poverty line. In addition, there are more Indians in the Niagara Falls area, and most of them work in local casinos. At the State University of New York at Buffalo, there are about a thousand Indian students, about a thousand Chinese students, about five hundred Korean students, and about two to three hundred Japanese students. Industrial Background Buffalo and the surrounding area has long been home to commercial railroads, the steel industry, automobile manufacturing, Great Lakes shipping, and the majestic city hall grain storage industry, most of which have now disappeared. The major steel-making giants are no longer around here, and only a few small steel mill management departments remain, such as Gibraltar Industrial Company, which was once a major manufacturer, processing and transportation company of construction, industrial and automotive steel. Its headquarters remain in Buffalo. The collapse of Buffalo's industrial supply chain is part of the decline of the old Great Lakes industrial base (commonly known as the "Rust Belt"). Other cities in similar situations include Cleveland, Detroit, Pittsburgh and Youngstown, all of which must make adjustments. Economic conditions improved. Unlike Pittsburgh, which has experienced an upturn in economic conditions after adjustment, Buffalo has basically been in decline since the middle of the last century, just like Cleveland, and is still facing long-term economic recession and population decline. In addition, Ford Motor Company still maintains one of its stamping plants in south Buffalo. Chevrolet also has two plants, a manufacturing plant near Tonawanda, north of Buffalo, and a tool and steel mold plant downtown. Car wipers were invented in Buffalo and are still manufactured locally by a small company called Trico. All these industries were once the basis for Buffalo's prosperity. At that time, Buffalo was also the second largest railroad hub in the United States after Chicago. Economic Situation Entering the 21st century, Buffalo is experiencing high unemployment.

Overall, Buffalo's employment rate continues to deteriorate as its population moves out and shrinks. The unemployment rate in 2005 was as high as 6.6%, which was 3.2% higher than the New York State average of 5.0%. From the fourth quarter of 2005 to the fourth quarter of 2006, Buffalo had no new job opportunities, ranking 271st among the 326 largest counties in the United States. In the past two years, the unemployment rate has improved with the increase in new job opportunities. It has dropped from 6.6% in 2005 and 5.2% in 2006 to 4.9% in July 2007. The continuous decrease in employment opportunities in industrial enterprises is the second largest reason for the decrease in employment opportunities. At the beginning of 2006, there were a net decrease of 17,000 jobs compared with the same period in 2005. Other industrial sectors performed well and achieved considerable development. In 2006 alone, more than 30,000 new jobs were created in education and medical care, and more than 20,000 new jobs were concentrated in high-tech and business (financial industry) fields. In 2009, according to the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, its city's GDP ranked 36th in the United States "Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY MSA 1,164,721 36". Biotechnology In the 21st century, Buffalo has become a center for bioinformatics and human genetic research, including the participation of researchers from the State University of New York at Buffalo and the Roswell Park Cancer Research Center. The campus is also committed to developing earthquake-resistant buildings. Banking industry The main banks in Buffalo include HSBC, Bank of America, M&T Bank, Key Bank, Citizen Bank, etc. HSBC is the largest local bank, followed by M&T (the local commercial bank's main business is in Western New York State). There is no Citibank locally. Buffalo was once the North American headquarters of HSBC Bank. HSBC's global headquarters moved from Hong Kong to London after the handover of Hong Kong's sovereignty in 1997. After acquiring the then-large American bank "Marine Midland Bank", HSBC moved to the 40-story "Marine Midland Bank" in Buffalo. "Haifeng Bank Building" was set up as the US headquarters of HSBC and named "One HSBC Tower". The main reason why HSBC USA did not set up its headquarters in New York City was that it was an important hub that took into account both New York City in the United States and Toronto in Canada, and of course the high housing prices in New York. After acquiring New York Republic National Bank in 1999, the headquarters moved to New York City. Education The State University of New York at Buffalo (UB: University at Buffalo, SUNY) is a national first-level university, a member of the Association of American Universities (AAU), and the largest and most comprehensive public flagship university in the State University of New York system. It is known as As the "Crown Jewel". State University of New York at Buffalo (Buffalo State, SUNY), a public comprehensive university. ECC: Erie County College Events Beef on Weck (a roast beef sandwich), Sahlen's hot dogs, fudge, Eastern European dumplings and fried fish are all popular local foods. On October 3, 1964, Anchor Bar owner/chef Teressa Bellissimo invented the famous Buffalo Wings. Just as the local area is halfway between New York and Chicago, the local pizza has characteristics that fall somewhere in between (New York's crust is thinner and Chicago's is taller). Buffalo Plane Crash In 2009, a Continental Airlines commuter plane crashed in upstate New York on the evening of the 12th local time. It was confirmed that 50 people were killed and several others were injured in the accident. At 22:20 local time on the 12th (11:20 Taipei time on the 13th), the plane crashed into a Clarence Center near Buffalo Airport in New York State less than 5 minutes before its scheduled landing time. A raging fire and thick smoke immediately broke out on the house. The Chinese Consulate General in New York said on the 13th that a female Chinese citizen died in the crash.

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