Is the origin of Longshuyu Temple Fair in Shanxi Shuanglong Legend or Huatuo Belief?
1. Longshuyu Temple Fair Longshuyu was located in Gushe Mountain in the northwest of Xiangfen County, on the west east side of Huangya Village. Long Shuyu was originally named "Dragon Fighting Jade". There is a legend about the origin of renaming. The Dragon King sent two dragons, fire and water, to travel in the clouds and rain on the earth. If the weather is dry, let them rain with a hose; If there is a flood, the fire dragon will set it on fire. When the two dragons came to the valley of Huangya Village and saw the beautiful scenery in the mountains, they fell asleep in the valley. In the long run, two dragons are bound to fight. This is how the "Dragon Fighting Fish" came about. The struggle between the two dragons brought disaster to the local people, which alarmed the Thousand-Handed Buddha. The Thousand-Handed Buddha sent the Dragon Tree Bodhisattva to surrender, and the Dragon Tree Bodhisattva came to the rescue. Just like this timely rain, "Dragon Tree Rain" replaced "Longyudu". In order to commemorate these two bodhisattvas, people in Huangya Village built two temples, namely "Dragon Tree Bodhisattva Temple" and "Thousand Hands Buddha Hall". Is the local Longshuyu Temple Fair related to the legend of Shuanglong? Let's look down again.
Figure 1 The natural scenery and folk culture of Longhu Valley are combined, and the temples are dotted with stars and incense.
Although the name of Dragon Tree Valley was named after two dragons fought and the Dragon Tree Bodhisattva came to surrender, Huatuo Temple in the valley is more well known in the local and surrounding areas, because there are many legends about Huatuo, such as Hua Tuo saved Zhao Kuangyin, married a woman and punished corrupt officials. The main temple on Longshuyu Mountain is Huatuo Temple, and the only temple preserved in the village is Huatuo Temple. At temple fairs, countless believers come to Huatuo Temple to burn incense. During the temple fair, people came and went, and all kinds of stalls on the street were dazzling. Usually, after the worship, shopping and watching plays at temple fairs are people's activities. Of course, the beautiful natural scenery of Longhu Valley also attracts people at the temple fair. In addition to offering sacrifices to gods and visiting temple fairs in the village, people will also climb mountains in the valley and enjoy the beautiful scenery. In people's eyes, it is the significance of visiting temple fairs that praying for blessings and going hiking do not delay each other.
Figure 2 Huatuo Temple overlooking the valley (opposite the temple is the dressing room)
Longshuyu Temple Fair has a history of hundreds of years, and it is also one of the most influential temple fairs in Xiangfen County. There are three festivals in a year: Tomb-Sweeping Day, June 13, September 19, three days before and after each festival. During the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Weiping, a scholar from Wu Geng, described the grand occasion and function of ancient temple fairs in The Valley Falling in Youlong:
"10 years old, Qingming, the quartet went to pray, and the exchanges were woven. Tourists, tourists, drinkers and singers are jostling with each other, and the mountains are also in the city? "
As can be seen from the records, in ancient times, Longshuyu Temple Fair already included the content of blessing and playing, and many people came to the party, even reaching the level of "hub bumping shoulders", which shows the grand occasion of the temple fair.
After 20 14 tourism development, the spatial composition of the traditional Longshuyu temple fair has changed, the temple has been rebuilt, the layout has been more carefully planned, and the public facilities have been gradually improved. Compared with traditional temple fairs, what will Longshuyu Temple Fair look like in this life? We continue to look down.
Before the development, there were many cultural landscapes in Longhu Valley: Huatuo Temple, Longhu Bodhisattva Temple, Heihu Lingguan Temple, Niangniang Temple, Guandi Temple, Shiyan Temple, Huang San Temple, Guanmaoshi, Eshan Bridge, and many stone carvings, such as "Getting Better", "Overpass Ancient Road" and "Shimen Temple". Many new elements have been added since development.
1, Maitreya statue
The newly built stone statue of Maitreya sits on the east and west, 23 meters high. There are many legends about Hua tuo circulating in the local area, so Maitreya Buddha has been given a new "legend":
"Zhao Kuangyin read the grace of Huatuo, and rebuilt Huatuo Temple on the monkey. Seeing a stone wall dragging its feet to the ground, it stood still, and Mao was puzzled. So he cut open the stone wall and surprised Maitreya Stone Buddha, sitting east facing west, smiling at all beings. After the height of Shichangshan is high, the stone wall grinds. Today I am digging again, loving Buddha as before, solemn, sitting on the mountain ... "
Regardless of the truth of the legend, the sculpture of Maitreya Buddha itself is a bright spot in the development of Longju Valley. It is not only the first sight that tourists see when they enter the valley, but also echoes the sleeping Buddha statue in a cave on the way up the mountain.
Figure 3 Maitreya Buddha statue
2. Double Dragon Ball
On the Little Square in front of Longshuyu Mountain, there are two tall pillars, each with a dragon, and the faucet is facing upwards, which is called "Shuanglong Column". As a new landscape, after the construction, it was also given a new explanation:
"According to legend, the fire dragon and the hose are at war here, and the quartet is in trouble. The Buddha sent the Dragon Shu Bodhisattva to surrender to the two dragons ... The dragon whirled straight, the dragon ball swallowed, and the rain spilled everywhere during the drought, and the sun shone during the flood, which protected the whole life for thousands of years ... "
Fig. 4 Shuanglong column
3, dressing room, bell tower. These two pagodas are located directly opposite Huatuo Temple, the main temple in Longhuyu, and were rebuilt on the original basis. The dressing room is the place where Hua Tuo's adopted daughter lived when she visited michel platini in local legend. It is related to the original history and culture, and it is also a way to restore the original cultural landscape and show it to the public. Whether it is a simple tourist or a pilgrim who burns incense, when they come here, they will feel the psychological impact and shock brought by the deafening bell ringing on the bell tower.
Third, the performance of various activities under the Longshuyu Temple Fair. Nowadays, the cultural space of Longshuyu Temple Fair has been extended to a great extent. There are not only the "Hua Tuo's Birthday Cultural Tourism Festival" and the "Taoist Prayer Ceremony" which embody the belief culture, but also the temple fair activities with the theme of "praying for confession and seeking medical advice" to restore the folk story of Hua Tuo's daughter's visit to michel platini.
Figure 5 20 18 Restoration of the custom of "facing the mountain" in Qingming Temple Fair.
Three times a year, there are many activities in the temple fair, such as music, dance, gongs and drums performances, youth song and dance concerts, classical concerts, etc., and relying on the local legend of dragons and water dragons, the activities of "beating dragons and disturbing the fairy mountain" are carried out, including dragon dancing and gongs and drums performances, which can be described as colorful. In addition, during the temple fair, various intangible cultural performances were introduced, such as the lion dance in Tianta, Ling Bo Drum, Houma Shadow Play, embroidery and dough sculpture. It is also very concentrated, and they are all near Huatuo Temple. Visitors can also feel the charm of traditional intangible culture.
Figure 6 Shadow Play at Temple Fair
Fourthly, it is said that the Valley of the Dragons was named after the legend of the struggle between two dragons, and later it spread more widely because of Hua Tuo's belief. The expansion of the cultural landscape and the extension of the cultural space of Longshuyu Temple Fair cannot be separated from local legends and stories. Shuanglongzhu echoes the struggle between two dragons, while Maitreya Buddha statues and dressing rooms reflect the local belief in Hua Tuo. Similarly, temple fair activities are also related to these two, and "Water Dragon Rushing Temple Fair" and "Hua Tuo Birthday Party" are good explanations. However, judging from the focus of landscape and activities and the public's cognition, Huatuo belief is still the main belief in temple fairs, because temple fairs first arose on the basis of Huatuo Temple, and most people visit temple fairs to worship Huatuo. What can't be ignored is that there is a corresponding landscape, which tells tourists the origin of Longgou from south to north and tells them the legend of Shuanglong.