What elements does Lingnan style architecture include?
1. Pursuit of artistic conception
Guangdong people deliberately pursue Lingnan characteristics in every kind of artistic creation. The same goes for architectural creation. They pursue artistic conception and put the intention first, reflecting China’s characteristics in every aspect. Lingnan mood and charm.
For example, the poetic and picturesque scenery of Baiyun Villa and the "hometown water" can evoke the homesickness of overseas travelers.
2. Integration with the environment
Lingnan architecture attaches great importance to site selection and foundation, integrates with the environment, and inherits the essence of traditional architecture. Hotel buildings such as "Baiyun Hotel", "Shuangxi Villa" and "White Swan" are among the best.
3. Group layout
Lingnan architecture combines climate characteristics to make the building have the characteristics of a modern landscape garden, but only in the foyer, atrium, lounge, restaurant, walkway, and bedroom Arrange garden flowers and trees to give the environment a natural appeal.
The most representative work is the Oriental Hotel Garden, which integrates the spirit of Chinese gardens and the style of modern architecture.
4. The architectural image is fresh and bright.
Lingnan architecture is good at making use of the frame characteristics of reinforced concrete to create transparent spaces and ethereal shapes, creating a fresh and bright architectural image, while also drawing on ancient pavilions. The prototype of the pavilion and pavilion makes the new building various and colorful.
5. The interior design is rich and colorful
Lingnan architecture uses traditional techniques in interior design, such as gray sculpture, pottery sculpture, brick carving, wood carving, cave doors and windows, empty flowers and ancients, Floor coverings, stained glass, mosaic murals, several bonsai stands, special furniture, plaques and couplets, etc., make the indoor landscape dazzling and beautiful.
6. It has landscape garden context
Lingnan architecture absorbs and draws lessons from ancient Chinese garden space techniques to the greatest extent, and transplants them into architecture and urban design, thus producing distinctive characteristics. For example, Baiyun Mountain, Yuexiu Mountain, Liuhua Lake Park, Orchid Garden, Martyrs Cemetery, Luhu Lake, Dongshan Lake Park, etc.
Extended information
Classification of Lingnan architecture:
Lingnan architecture is mainly divided into Guangfu architecture, Chaoshan architecture and Hakka architecture.
The representative of Guangfu folk houses is the wok-ear house, which is mostly built with blue bricks, stone pillars and stone slabs, and the outer walls are decorated with flower and bird patterns. Because its gables resemble the shape of a wok's ear, it is called "Wok'er House". In Hakka and other places in northern Guangdong, it is called "Yunqiang" or "Teapot Ring". The wok is a large pot in ancient times, and the wok-eared house is therefore also called the "pot-eared house".
It is said that the wok-shaped building has good fire protection and ventilation properties: in the event of a fire, the towering gables can prevent the fire from spreading and invading; when the breeze blows, the gables can block the wind from entering the lane and then through the doors and windows. flows into the house. The wok-ear house is a typical representative of traditional Lingnan folk houses, mainly represented by Cantonese-style residential architecture. It is named after the two wok-ear-like wind-blocking walls built on the walls on both sides of the house.
In Guangfu residences during the Ming and Qing dynasties, only those villages where high-ranking officials had worked were eligible to erect wok-ear sealing volcanic walls on their roofs. The wok-eared house symbolizes the two ears of the official hat, which means "to be the best". Only the squire with a good reputation can use it. It is also a symbol of a wealthy family. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, any villager who got rich would build a wok house to show his wealth and grandeur.
The Xiguan House is a traditional Guangzhou folk residence with Lingnan cultural characteristics built by wealthy businessmen in the late Qing Dynasty in the "Xiguanjiao" area (today's Liwan District) in the west of Guangzhou City. It is called the "Xiguan House". Most of the big houses in Xiguan are of brick and wood structure, with blue brick and stone feet, and the tall main entrance is inlaid with granite. Its plane layout is based on the traditional central hall house form of the Central Plains, basically unfolding in the depth direction.
The typical plan is three rooms and two corridors; it is symmetrical on the left and right, with the main hall in the middle. The porch decoration of Xiguan House is equipped with triple door leaves such as low-leg hanging door (also called foot door), lattice and hardwood door. The hall is the main building of the big house, with the largest area and the highest ridge.
The basic layout of Chaoshan folk houses is the traditional three-heyuan and four-heyuan. The most basic forms are called "Xiashanhu" and "Four Points of Gold". Residential houses in smaller towns have long and narrow "bamboo pole houses".
Large-scale residential buildings are expanded horizontally or vertically based on the Four Points of Gold, and are called "Three Halls", "Eight Halls Facing each other", "Four Horses Trailer", "Hundred Phoenixes Chaoyang", and their external outline is Keep a very regular square or rectangle. Large-scale concentrated housing is called "Zhai", which is the product of the militarization of rural residents in Chaoshan area during the Qing Dynasty.
From the plane, it can be divided into plans and buildings, and from the outside, it can be divided into walls and buildings. Building materials in the Chaoshan area are adapted to local conditions and are made from local materials, with a large amount of shell ash and stone being used. As late as the Northern Song Dynasty, shell ash had begun to be fired. Sanhe earthen building with shell ash as the main raw material became very popular. It was not only used in building houses and towers, but also in strengthening embankments.
Stone is not only used in door frames, railings, drum stones, steps, column foundations, well rings, and beams in building components, but also in the construction of large-scale buildings such as ship bridges, stone towers, and stone bridges. In Chaozhou City, there are 47 stone archways on Taiping Road alone. The Chaozhou Xiangzi Bridge, built with boulders as piers, was built from the Southern Song Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty. It is a national key cultural relic protection unit and is known as one of the four ancient bridges in China.
The representative of Hakka architecture is the Hakka Weilong House. In history, the strengthening of the clan system in Hakka society and the unique cultural and psychological qualities are reflected in two aspects. The first is the improvement of ancestral hall facilities and the continuous compilation of genealogy. In villages where ethnic groups live together, all ethnic groups attach great importance to the construction of ancestral halls. The residence in the ancestral hall pays attention to Feng Shui and attaches great importance to the name and family reputation.
The hall names of the Hakka enclosed houses may have a direct description of their hometown and ancestral land, or they may express clear meanings. The naming habits of these hall names are consistent with the ancient customs of the Tang and Song Dynasties. Then there is the Dali Weilong House, which is a combination of super large earth buildings and buildings. Earth buildings mostly use rammed earth or adobe bricks as materials, and gradually developed to use granite and large green bricks as building materials. They are very strong and large-scale.
The existing earth buildings can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. From the early years of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty to the 1970s, many earth buildings were built. The shape of the enclosed building is generally divided into circular and square according to the plan layout. The large circular enclosure is more than 20 meters high with 4 to 6 floors and reaches as many as four rings.
The Daweilou in Mantang Village, Aizi Town, Shixing County, built in the Qing Dynasty, is a national key cultural relic protection unit, covering an area of 10,800 square meters. Each house surrounding the dragon pays special attention to Feng Shui. In modern times, there have also been Hakka overseas Chinese houses with a traditional layout and Western-style facade decoration, which combine Chinese and Western styles.