What are the three types of monsoon climate? What are their similarities?
Tropical monsoon climate is generally distributed on the east coast of the mainland between latitude 10 and the tropic of cancer. Indochina Peninsula and India Peninsula in Asia are typical areas affected by southwest monsoon. Most parts of Yunnan and the southeast corner of Tibet also belong to tropical monsoon climate. The annual temperature is high, and the annual average temperature exceeds 20℃. The seasonal variation of prevailing wind direction is significant. The summer half year is controlled by equatorial air mass, with abundant precipitation, forming rainy season and climate characteristics. In the winter half year, under the control of tropical continental air mass, precipitation in some places decreased obviously, forming a dry season. The annual precipitation is 1500-2000mm, and the rainy season accounts for more than 80-90% of the total annual precipitation, with distinct wet and dry seasons. The natural vegetation is tropical monsoon forest.
The temperate monsoon climate is mainly distributed in the eastern part of temperate Asian continent, such as North China, Northeast China of China and Russian Far East. The prevailing wind direction in winter and summer obviously alternates. The winter wind is controlled by the polar continental air mass, which is cold and dry. The summer monsoon is mainly affected by tropical ocean air mass, which is warm and rainy. The annual range is large, and the annual precipitation is 500-700 mm, which is unevenly distributed and relatively concentrated in summer, with continental characteristics. The natural vegetation is deciduous broad-leaved forest or mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest.
The subtropical monsoon climate is mainly distributed on the east coast of subtropical continent, with the eastern part of Asian continent as a typical example, such as the south of Qinling-Huaihe River in China, the southeast of North America, the east of South America and the southeast of Australia. The prevailing wind direction varies greatly with the seasons. In winter, affected by the polar continental air mass, the temperature is low and the precipitation is low. In summer, affected by tropical ocean air mass, it is hot and rainy, and the seasonal distribution of water is uneven. Natural vegetation is subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest.
Similarities: The climate is influenced by the difference of monsoon seasons, with more rain in summer and less rain in winter.
Difference: There is a big difference in winter temperature, the lowest temperature in temperate monsoon climate is below 0 degrees, while the winter temperature in subtropical monsoon climate and tropical monsoon climate is generally higher than 0 degrees, and the annual average temperature is particularly different.