Cultivation techniques of rich trees
Planting technique
1. Select the taproot and lateral root of 1-2-year-old Fugui tree for root burying propagation, the diameter is 0.3- 1.5 cm, and each mu needs 20-25 kg of seeds, and each kg of seeds can be cut into 150-200 segments; There are two methods to choose from: transplanting seedlings in greenhouse and burying roots in field. Indoor nurseries are located in different areas,
Seedling raising time is different; The seedlings were transplanted into the field in mid-May.
2. Bury the roots in the ground. When the lowest outdoor temperature is above 10 degree, cut the roots of Fu Gui into 5-6 cm long segments, and bury the roots in the border by horizontal burying method, and plant two rows in each border with the width of 1 10 cm. The buried depth is about 5 cm, and the spacing between plants is 30 cm × 60 cm. After emergence, strengthen water and fertilizer management. The base fertilizer is diammonium to potassium fertilizer, the ratio is 2: 1, and the dosage per mu is 15-20kg.
3, seedling field management:
Weeding: When the seedlings grow 4-5 leaves, weeds should be manually pulled out. When the seedlings grow to 40 cm, herbicides can be used to weed, generally using special herbicides for cotton.
Dressing and shaping
In the case of natural growth, Sophora japonica has strong branches and vigorous growth, often forming a broad oval crown, but most of the trunks are low and have too many branches, forming a "small old tree". Shaping is to straighten its trunk, trim it in spring and summer, and trim the side branches that compete with the trunk, usually leaving no side branches below two meters. Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings used for landscaping are generally strong. First, select 1 robust annual branch at the top as the main extension branch, then cut off one third to one half of its top, and then cut off the weak branches again (but not too heavy, otherwise it is difficult for the cut branches to grow strong branches). If there are small weak branches near the incision, some branches should be cut off, and the upper branches should be cut short one by one, and the upper ends of side branches should not be higher than the main incision. The time and quantity of pruning should be determined according to the purpose of afforestation. General afforestation should be pruned after the young forest is closed; In order to cultivate tall trunks and prevent excessive shading, the surrounding green spaces and shelterbelts should be trimmed properly in the first three years.
(1) Thinning: The trunk of Sophora japonica under 2 years old is relatively low, and generally strong and upright branches are selected as the main trunk, and the rest branches are thinned according to different conditions. After the trunk is trimmed to a certain height, the strong competitive branches, overgrown branches, upright branches and some over-dense side branches, drooping branches and dead branches in the upper part of the crown are thinned out.
(2) Pruning: Pruning the upright and robust side branches in summer. According to the principle of keeping the pressure weak, straightening flat, re-cutting the upper part of the crown and lightly cutting the lower part, cut off the branches several times, leaving small branches after cutting, and do not taper from the base to avoid wind folding or weak growth of the main tip. In winter or spring, for young trees with heading and stubble leveling, when the strong branches sprouted from the cutting mouth are about 30 cm long, keep the upright strong branches for whole branch culture, and cut off the remaining one third, which can be carried out for 2 ~ 3 times continuously. For the thick branches under the crown, it should be pruned year by year, and it is best to leave 1 to 2 thin branches.
Pruning should be carried out in summer, preferably from early June to early July. This has the advantage that the wound heals quickly and generally does not sprout a large number of branches, which is beneficial to the growth of young trees. Pruning should not be too heavy, and it should be close to the trunk without leaving piles to avoid forming knots. The tools used should be sharp and the wound should be smooth, so that the branches will not crack. After sprouting and pruning, the leafy long branches on the trunk or main side branches should be removed or cut off; For sparse branches at the base of trunk and the top of trunk heading in winter, sprouted new buds and buds should be cut off as soon as possible.
Propagation principle: buried root propagation
This is the most important feeding method. If properly managed, the survival rate can reach 85% ~ 90%. The seed roots of Sophora japonica can be introduced after defoliation. Before planting, it should be buried and preserved with sand, and the humidity of sand should be controlled so that the roots will not be dehydrated and dry, and the roots will not be moldy and rotten because of too much water. Spraying a new high-fat film on the surface of branches can keep the water of branches from transpiration.
Soil preparation and seedling raising
Choose sandy loam with deep soil layer, flat terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, and no source of disease and insect infection. Select 1 ~ 2-year-old smooth root segments with a diameter of 5 ~ 10 mm and no pests and diseases, and cut them into 5 ~ 7 cm long for later use. Trenching along the boundary, with a distance of 50 cm and a depth of 5 cm. Then put the root segments into the ditch with a spacing of 30cm, cover them with fine sand, pour root water thoroughly, and cover them with plastic film. The seedlings can emerge in about 65,438+0 months.
Seedling management
Uncover the film and water it in time after emergence, and pay attention to drainage when it rains continuously. Weeding should be done in time at seedling stage, side buds should be erased, and shallow soil should be loosened, so as not to hurt tender, weak and short roots. Spraying a new type of high-fat film on the surface of plants can prevent the infection of germs, improve the ability to resist natural disasters, improve the intensity of photosynthesis and protect the vigorous growth of grass seedlings.
Growth management
Appropriate fertilization, long-term drought, cleaning water and topdressing with manure, promoting seedling health, while maintaining reasonable water and fertilizer, timely spraying new high-fat film to protect fertilizer and moisture. Seedlings should be transplanted and planted after defoliation in late autumn or before germination in the following spring. Construction as planned, fertilization, filling soil after planting and pouring root water thoroughly, the survival rate is generally above 95%. After autumn, the height of the tree can reach 2 ~ 3 meters, DBH 3 ~ 5 cm, and it will bloom in the next year. Sophora japonica has tall trunk, open crown, beautiful tree shape, gorgeous flowers and attractive aroma.
breeding method
1. Soil: loose and fertile loam and sandy loam with good drainage and rich organic matter should be selected for planting rich trees.
2. Sunshine: Rich trees should be properly illuminated for 3-4 hours every day in spring and autumn to keep the bright colors of their leaves. Appropriate shading in summer and autumn, spraying water once a day, cleaning the dust on the leaves, making the growth more vigorous and the leaves greener.
3, watering: rich trees should always keep the pot soil moist during the growing season, don't let the pot soil dry, especially in the midsummer season, always spray water on the leaves, too dry will make the tip and leaves dry, but don't be too wet in winter, always spray water on the leaves.
4, temperature: the rich tree can resist cold and heat, and can withstand the low temperature of MINUS 33 degrees without freezing damage; Strong heat resistance, rapid growth in the south.
5. Fertilization: Rich trees have low requirements for fertilizers, but if they are applied with NPK compound fertilizer every 20-25 days, they will grow vigorously.
Fu Guishu is a perennial foliage plant, which can resist heat and cold. It has a good beautification effect at home, and the tree name is also very good. It is one of the commonly used feng shui tree species.
Branch cutting
① The cutting time is the same as that of burying roots to raise seedlings, or it can be earlier.
(2) Select lignified hard branches with a diameter of 8-20 mm, cut them into cuttings with a length of 15cm, cut the upper incision flat, with a distance of 1 ~ 2cm from the bud bag, cut the lower incision into a 45-degree oblique mouth, with a distance of 5mm from the bud bag, divide the upper and lower ends into a bundle of 50, soak the lower end in 50 mg/kg rooting powder solution for 3-4 hours, and take it out for later use.
(3) The requirements for soil preparation are the same as before. According to the row spacing of 20 cm× 40 cm, the branches are inserted into the soil at a 45-degree inclination angle, and the plastic film is covered along the border.
(4) Seedling management: after the emergence of seedlings, drill holes in time, dig seedlings to seal the soil, keep the temperature and humidity of the bed soil, remove the plastic film before high temperature, erase the lateral buds, and strengthen the management of fertilizer and water. Cutting seedlings can grow to more than 2 meters in that year.
Fu Guishu has simple management and low production cost, and is suitable for large-scale construction such as beekeeping, garden viewing, windbreak and sand fixation, and soil and water conservation. And it works quickly.
disease control
leaf spot
In the environment of high temperature, high humidity and poor ventilation, its leaves are easy to be infected with leaf spot.
Prevention and control methods: both indoors and outdoors, we should strengthen ventilation and light transmission to avoid long-term water accumulation on leaves and reduce the possibility of leaf spot disease. If a small number of diseased leaves are found, they should be removed and burned in time, and 600 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1 time should be sprayed regularly every half month for 3-4 times continuously. Family potted plants, individual plants with a small number of diseased leaves, can be coated with Dakening cream ointment.
scale insect
Under the conditions of high temperature, high humidity and poor ventilation, especially during the long-term storage in shed in autumn and winter, the stem and leaves are prone to scale insect damage.
Prevention and control methods: strengthen ventilation and light transmission, and pay attention to controlling environmental humidity. If a small number of live insects are found, wipe them off with a wet cloth or stick them off with transparent tape. For productive cultivation, 25% chlorpyrifos wettable powder 1500 times can be sprayed at the peak of nymph hatching.