Wine custom culture in Longde, Ningxia
The custom of offering wine in Longde area has a long history and began to appear as early as the Neolithic Age. The long-necked pottery flagons and wine glasses found in Neolithic sites such as Yehezi, Fengling Shengli Village and Baozigou on the northern platform of Shatang are evidence that people sacrificed wine to the dead at that time. The word "Zhen" in China's writing is also the product of the custom of offering sacrifices to wine. Its original meaning refers to a kind of wine used for offering sacrifices to gods, which is made of black rice brewed by tulips. "People in the Spring Palace in Zhou Li are depressed" records that there is a special occupation in the slave owners' sacrificial activities, which is called "people" and "hands are cabinet ornaments". Responsible for "expressing harmony and depression with reality." In the Tang Dynasty, Jia Shuyun said, "The grass of turmeric is named grass because it is mixed with wine." As a result of this custom and ceremony of using wine for sacrifice, a series of words such as "truth", "truth" and "truth" have been produced, which shows that the custom of using wine for sacrifice has had a far-reaching influence on China characters. From the ancient clan totem worship to the prison worship in Zhou Li, from the ancestral temple ritual system in Han and Tang Dynasties to the folk sacrificial customs such as genealogy, ancestral graves, ancestral temples and spirit tablets in Ming and Qing Dynasties, it reflects the worship of gods and the nostalgia for ancestors of Longde people. In this traditional custom, wine is an indispensable and important aspect.
Seasonal wine custom is a custom of brewing, drinking and knowing how to drink, which is gradually formed by the people of Longde according to the seasonal characteristics and local phenology. Lund is an area with developed farming culture. People's production and life are closely related to natural seasons and festivals, and also to farming time. Therefore, there are many contents related to seasons in folk culture. Festive wine custom is an important part of it. The festivals and customs of Longde people include Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and chong yang wine.
Wedding wine custom is the most important traditional folk custom in Lund. Marriage and engagement are important events in life. Especially in old China, deeply influenced by the traditional concept of "women are loyal to their husbands", people generally attach great importance to marriage. Whether you marry a bride or a woman, you have to hold a very grand ceremony. In this Longde area with a long history of wine culture, wine and marriage will naturally be closely combined, so there is a set of wine customs about drinking, toasting, wedding wine and wedding wine, which not only becomes an important part of marriage culture, but also becomes an important content of Longde wine culture. It is precisely because wine and marriage culture blend together. Created China words such as "marriage" and "wedding banquet". "Gold" originally refers to the wine vessels used in ancient weddings. Is to divide the gourd into two spoonfuls. The newlyweds each drink with a spoon. After drinking, two spoonfuls are put together, which is called marriage.
The custom of mourning wine first appeared in the Neolithic Age. Among the cultural relics unearthed in Longde County are Neolithic pottery pots and cups. This is enough to prove that wine and wine vessels began to be used in Lund funeral culture in Neolithic age. In slave society and feudal society, funeral custom embodies strict hierarchy. There are very strict regulations on the shape of tombs, funerary objects, the size of tombs, the height of ground buildings and building bricks. Even the thickness of the coffin used in the tomb depends on the grade. However, no matter how different the grades are, alcohol is generally used in funerary objects and funerals. During the Republic of China, the places where wine was used in Lund's funeral customs further increased, and the relationship between wine and funeral customs was further strengthened.
Having children is not only the birth of a new life, but also the crystallization of parents' marriage. On the one hand, we celebrate with wine and announce the new members of our family to our relatives and friends; On the other hand, it embodies a respect for women's fertility, and at the same time, it also places many good wishes and hopes on a new life, which is infiltrated in the festive atmosphere of the banquet. In most parts of Lund, in the old society, it was a great joy to have a boy, and a girl was a little Xi. Send good news to your mother's family first after delivery. On the third day, the mother or close relative woman came to her husband's house to wait for the next month with rice noodles, eggs, sesame seeds, brown sugar and other nutrients and baby clothes. At the full moon, there will be celebrations in Daqing. The bride's family or relatives and friends will come with gifts to congratulate, and the host family will hold a banquet to entertain the guests.
Celebrating birthdays is an ancient traditional custom, a way to maintain neighborhood friendship, or a moral fashion of respecting the old and loving the young. In Lund, the elderly celebrate their birthdays, and the younger generation will send birthday gifts, cakes and wine to congratulate them. Villagers should also give a small sum of money to "chip in" to show their hearts. The host family should hold a banquet to entertain relatives, friends and neighbors, strengthen contact and increase feelings. Everything has two sides. In feudal society, there were some corrupt officials in the past dynasties, who were arrogant and extravagant, rich and ruthless, and chose means to collect money. They often take their own or their family's birthdays as an opportunity to widely distribute "birthday stickers" and ask subordinates and the public for money. Although this bad habit was suspended after the founding of New China, it still exists in some areas and individual rural cadres. Its manifestations are serious extravagance and waste, holding birthday banquets on birthdays, accumulating people's wealth, supporting people, and even squandering public funds, using buses in large numbers, and swindling and cheating, which have caused extremely bad influence among the people. This bad habit is a kind of degeneration and vulgar alienation of traditional wine customs, and we should resolutely oppose it.
In Lund, building houses is a very important project. So the whole family and even the whole village pay more attention to it. Generally, when building a house in various places, a certain ceremony must be held before the beam is set. Among them, shooting and buying wine are essential items. Some want to invite craftsmen to drink, and some want to lay the foundation stone for the new house to offer wine. It is said that the first move is to exorcise evil spirits, and the second move is to create a happy atmosphere for the family, and also to celebrate the craftsman's birthday. This reflects the cultural charm of liquor communication custom from one side. When the new house is completed, a ceremony of "entering the fire" will be held at the time of housewarming, and relatives and neighbors will come to congratulate it. Usually send a picture of nave, which says "the joy of so-and-so moving" The host should prepare wine and hold a banquet to entertain relatives and friends.
Respecting teachers and teaching, respecting the old and loving the young are the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation. In Longde, with the development of education for the aged and social welfare, it has become a social moral trend to respect teachers and teachers, and to respect the elderly and love the young. Every year on Teachers' Day, we organize activities to express our condolences to teachers. Some schools hold dinners and banquets to celebrate teachers' own festivals. In some nursing homes and cadre rest homes, traditional festivals such as Double Ninth Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Spring Festival are generally held, such as banquets and parties, which reflect the traditional virtues of respecting the elderly. This new convention has become a custom of respecting the elderly in the new era.
In Lund, pedestrians should drink "farewell wine" when traveling; When you come back in triumph, you should drink "welcome wine". Family members or relatives and friends are pedestrians, full of good feelings of family members or relatives, full of feelings such as hope, blessing, expectation and nostalgia. It is the inherent attraction that this wine custom has been passed down from generation to generation and will never die.
In the sea of Wang Yang in ancient officialdom, scholars read books to "be an official if they are eager to learn", to join the ranks of bureaucrats, to worship their ancestors, to serve the country, to display their ambitions, or to change their predicament. But in fact, Guanhai is ruthless, and it is impossible to say where someone will capsize. Therefore, promotion should be celebrated by buying wine, or showing status, or thanking teachers' relatives and friends. If you are frustrated in officialdom, you should also buy wine to drown your sorrows. This wine custom has such a profound inner charm. For example, Lund people sit at the dining table and recommend wine commanders when they drink and punch in. The commander ordered everyone to take turns to be an official, starting with "promotion". "Six consecutive promotions" means that officials have good deeds. The order for this wine is very similar to the official order. Every time I speak and behave, I raise my glass and guess my fists. When there is a dispute, the "official" looks like asking a political case, just like an official society with wine as the medium. It is not difficult to see the cultural roots of Lund people's official addiction through drinking.