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Help find the great deeds of women, I need it urgently.

Hakka women have a long history of participating in war. Legend has it that when an emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty was chased by the enemy, he was rescued by a group of Hakka women who went up the mountain to cut firewood in Meixian County. The emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty gave a gift: "The men carry the armor and the women wear armor, and the eight thousand descendants go to the Qinwang." Sealed "ruren". "Ruren" is originally a title for wives who are above the fifth-grade magistrate.

The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China solemnly proposed the major task of carrying forward and cultivating the national spirit. Hakka women are the epitome of the Hakka spirit and have been recognized by the world. The Hakka spirit is a model of the national spirit. As a national spirit, it is broad and profound. The author uses three words: flexibility, toughness, and rigidity to describe it: Hakka women show sufficient flexibility in dealing with human relations, show sufficient resilience in enduring hardships, and show sufficient resilience in dealing with major issues of right and wrong. In front of him, he showed sufficient rigidity.

Let’s talk about flexibility first.

There are three examples of customs that still exist in the Hakka area.

1. The custom of picking up vegetables. When going to a banquet, the male guests do not pick up the dishes, but the female guests do. The so-called side dish is the portion of good food and meat that belongs to the female guest at the banquet. The female guest serves it in a bowl and only eats some soup at the banquet. After the banquet is over, the female guests take the good fish and meat from the banquet home to their parents-in-law or children to share.

However, this custom has weakened today when material life has greatly improved.

2. The custom of not attending a banquet for female guests. During festivals and festivals, when there is a family banquet, women do not attend the banquet, but eat in the kitchen in front of the stove, wait until the men have finished eating, or set up a banquet or a side banquet. This is a woman's respect and humility towards a man.

This custom is still very common today. Women are always humble in front of men, showing that they are willing to take second place in etiquette.

3. The eldest sister-in-law is the mother. In the Hakka area, the eldest brother is called the father. After the death of the father, the eldest brother assumes the responsibility of the father, and the eldest sister-in-law also assumes the responsibility of the mother accordingly. She indeed takes the responsibility of the mother for the upbringing, marriage, and marriage of the brother-in-law and sister-in-law.

In short, Hakka women are good wives, good mothers, gentle and kind, and can be regarded as role models.

Let’s talk about resilience.

Hakka women bear the heavy responsibility of managing the entire family affairs and cultivate an astonishing spirit of hard work and hard work. The suffering here is not a one-night suffering, but a matter of years and months, or even a lifetime of hard work. Chopping firewood in the mountains, raking the fields, building roof tiles, cooking in the kitchen, sewing under the lamp... A pair of heavenly feet to conquer the world.

The Hakka area has always had the custom and custom of advocating reading. For thousands of years, Hakka mothers have worked hard to encourage their children to study and make progress, and have cultivated many talents for the Chinese nation.

Teaching by example is more important than teaching by words. The teachings given by Hakka women are even more profound and touching. Hakka family education is mostly centered on women, and most Hakka men go out to make a living. The burden of running the household and educating their children almost all falls on women. The cultivation and performance of the four women's skills, including "Tian Tou Di Wei" (cultivating the fields), "Zao Tou Guo Wei" (housework), and "Needle Thread Wei" (sewing and mending clothes), year after year, some Even for a lifetime, I really don’t know how much hardship and labor it will take.

Under the words and deeds of the Hakka mother, not only the Confucian scholars have this quality, but also the common people also value etiquette, trustworthiness, enthusiasm and courtesy, humility and generosity. The education requirements of Hakka mothers for the next generation are mainly the reproduction of the excellent personalities of their ancestors. It is not just a simple memory and nostalgia for the achievements of their ancestors, but also has the eternity that transcends time and the same roots across regions. Such education Undoubtedly full of vitality and persuasiveness. Moreover, teaching by example is more important than words. The hard-working and endurance spirit of Hakka mothers can be said to be rare in the world in edifying their children. This is a true demonstration of the excellent character of the Hakka people. Its educational effect can undoubtedly be absorbed into the brains and hearts, inspiring future generations, and is a lifelong spiritual wealth for future generations.

The great proletarian revolutionary Marshal Zhu De's merits of diligence and frugality are also recognized by the world, which is the inevitable result of the words and deeds of his mother, Mrs. Zhong Tai. His mother's real strength of personality gave Zhu De a positive psychological outlook.

This kind of psychological set-up helps younger generations to permanently identify with the education of their predecessors and remember it deeply, and then transform it into their own excellent thoughts, morals and behaviors through introspection, creating a virtuous circle. Therefore, the educational characteristics of Hakka women’s “precept and example” are undoubtedly one of the sources of strength for the Hakka spirit to continue to flourish.

Finally, let’s talk about rigidity.

The previous article mentioned the soft side of Hakka women, which refers to a spiritual characteristic displayed by Hakka women towards their relatives and compatriots. However, when foreigners invaded and the country was in unrest, Hakka women showed a righteous and righteous spirit.

The Central Soviet Area was located in the Hakka area. The main force in promoting the popularity of the Hakka area was the women of the Soviet area. For example, Xie Shuilian, the king of folk songs for rejuvenating the country, used folk songs to mobilize the Hakka children to go to the front line. There was a touching story of a mother sending her son to join the war, and his wife sending his son to join the Red Army. scene.

For the benefit of the nation and the country, Hakka women sacrificed their small families to protect everyone, supported the revolution, supported the front line, made military shoes, and carried stretchers. "One folk song and three divisions" created a scene that shocked the world and wept ghosts and gods. Miracle! Because the Central Soviet Area was established in a purely Hakka area, most of the active forces of the Central Red Army were Hakka children. Three-quarters of the main force of the Central Red Army sacrificed, became separated, or died of cold and starvation during the Long March. Most of them came from Jiangxi and Fujian. The descendants of the Hakka people, the Hakka people rich in revolutionary tradition have written a glorious chapter in the history of the Chinese nation’s liberation struggle. And the strong spirit shown by Hakka women will remain in history forever.

Author: Xin An Ji Jia Feng 2006-9-7 01:05 Reply to delete this comment

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2 Replies: Flexibility, Toughness, and Strength - Talking about the spiritual characteristics of Hakka women

The history of hard struggle of the Hakka ancestors is worth it Our contemporary learning

Author: ┣▇▇═—Shu Tongfeng 2007-3-4 15:59 Reply to delete this statement

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17 Reply: Some Hakka people are very feudal

The spiritual characteristics of Hakka women

The spiritual personality of the Hakka people has attracted more and more attention from the world with the formation of the Hakka ethnic lineage and its rise on the historical stage. Hakka women are also highly recognized and respected for their spiritual qualities of perseverance, self-improvement and resilience despite hardships. Edel, an earlier foreign scholar, said in "A Brief Ethnography of the Hakkas" and "A Compendium of Hakka History" that "the Hakkas are a nation that combines hardness and softness, both resolute and benevolent, and Hakka women are the best examples of working women in China. ...The Hakka ethnic group is the cheese on the milk, and at least 70% of this glory should belong to Hakka women. "Hakka women have developed spiritual characteristics that are different from traditional Han women in the long history of the Hakka ethnic group.

1. Walk out of the vast world with big feet. Hakka women do not bind their feet, which is a distinctive feature that distinguishes them from traditional Han women. The reason why Hakka women do not bind their feet is closely related to the migration of the Hakka people. Moreover, the Hakka people live in many hills and do not have the convenience of boats and carts, so they can only use walking as a cart. Therefore, both men and women of the Hakka people have thick legs and strong feet, with a pair of big feet. The American missionary Gen Bell said in his "The Origin and Migration of the Hakka" that "women do not have their feet bound and are usually strong and proud. Only in this way can they live an outdoor life." The long-term arduous and turbulent migration life has tempered Hakka women A personality trait that is as strong and brave as a man's.

2. Obtain the status of elder by one's own efforts. Luo Xianglin said in "Introduction to Hakka Studies": Hakka "women's abilities and status are the most hard-working, the most self-reliant, and the most contributors to society and the country." The lack of survival resources in the southern mountainous areas forces men to go out to do business and even travel across the ocean. ocean. The women who stayed in their hometown became the head of the family and shouldered the burden of life independently. According to the "Guangxu Jiaying Prefecture Chronicles Etiquette and Customs Volume": "The customs of the prefecture are poor, with many mountains and few fields. Men make a living, each with their own ambitions, while women have many household chores. Therefore, rural women: plowing fields, picking crops They do everything from woodcutting, weaving, sewing, and feeding." It is the tenacity of Hakka women who are hardworking and self-reliant that establishes their status as elders in the family. Guangdong Hakka scholar Fang Xuejia concluded in many writings that elder Hakka women have an authoritative position in family economic life. Because Hakka women made significant contributions to their families and clans, they were given separate cemeteries for female ancestor worship in clan cemeteries.

3. Understand the righteousness and dare to bear the storm of war. Hakka women in history also performed outstandingly in social activities. Legend has it that at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Zhao was chased by the Yuan army and was rescued by a group of Hakka women who went up the mountain to cut firewood in Meixian County. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Zhao granted Hakka women the title of "ruren" after they died. "Ruren" was originally the posthumous title given to the wives of officials above the fifth-rank magistrate. Ordinary Hakka women were later called "Ruren", which shows their social status at that time. In the second year of Jingyan of the Song Dynasty (1277), Yuan soldiers invaded the south. Wen Tianxiang led the Qinwang Division to fight against the Yuan Dynasty. Hakka men and women "men held weapons and women wore armor, and eight thousand of their descendants went to the Qinwang." During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement in the Qing Dynasty, a large number of Hakka women joined the female barracks of the Taiping Army, and they were brave During the resistance against the Qing Dynasty, the Hunan Army led by Zeng Guofan was called the "Big-footed Barbarian Woman". During the Central Soviet Area period, Hakka women were the main force in propaganda to spread the Red Army. They sang folk songs and sent their husbands, brothers, children and grandchildren to the front lines, carried burdens to help the Red Army raise salt and grain, and took care of housework alone to support their husbands in killing the enemy with peace of mind. The perseverance, perseverance and self-improvement of Hakka women left a mark in the history of the revolutionary struggle in the Soviet area. (Chen Wenhong, Lecturer, Hakka Research Center, Gannan Normal University)

Author: ┣▇▇═—Shutong Feng2007-3-4 16:00 Reply to delete this statement

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18 Reply: Some Hakka people are very feudal

Hakka women He is famous for his virtuousness, diligence and thrift.

Reprinted from /kej/kjfn.htm

Hakka women are famous for their virtuous, diligent and thrifty people.

Wearing a straw hat and a large cardigan, carrying a child on her back, holding a plow, and walking barefoot in the fields, this is the traditional image of a Hakka woman. The custom of Hakka women wearing straw hats began in the late Song Dynasty. At that time, the Hakka ancestors moved south from the Central Plains. In order to survive, women also farmed and worked like men. However, it would be inappropriate for a woman to step out of her purdah and show herself in public, so she wears a bamboo hat on her head and a black cloth with two small holes to cover her face. Later, when they found it inconvenient in actual use, they cut the cloth short and sewed it around the brim to become a practical and beautiful hat. Later, they even removed the curtains and only wore bamboo hats. Precisely because of the need for work, Hakka women have never bound their feet, and their long cardigans are shortened from their original robes.

All elderly women in the Hakka area who wear their hair in buns still retain the custom of inserting a silver hairpin into the bun at the back of their heads. Silver hairpins are generally made of silver, about 10 centimeters long, narrow in the middle, larger at both ends, with sharp ends, carved with patterns, exquisite and exquisite, and their shape is similar to the current "ear digger". In the past, Hakka people, especially Hakka women, were often bullied by gangsters, bandits or evil forces (including hooligans, gangsters, scoundrels, etc.). In order to defend themselves, they began to carry some short and sharp iron tools with them. After a long time , began to evolve into the silver hairpin that Hakka women inserted into their buns on the back of their heads.

Silver hairpins also have other functions: 1. When encountering diseases such as headache, brain fever, etc., the Hakka ancestors would wrap cooked egg whites and silver hairpins in cloth, and rub them back and forth on the patient's body while they were hot. It is said that the curative effect is very good. Second, when a Lou Hakka girl gets married, the mother always gives her a silver hairpin wrapped in cloth, and repeatedly tells her daughter that if the groom suffers from "prolapse syndrome" during sex, she can use the silver hairpin to tie it to the groom's tail vertebrae. A single stab at the place can turn the crisis into safety. Third, if you are bitten by a venomous snake, use a silver hairpin to sting the snake's wound to draw out the poisonous blood, which can prevent the snake's venom from entering the heart.

After the Hakkas established a foothold in Lingnan, due to the environment with many mountains and few fields, men had to go out to make a living or study and seek official positions, while the family had to "teach the tail" (raising children), From "stove and pot tail" (housekeeping), to "needle and thread tail" (sewing and mending clothes), to "field head and ground tail" (cultivating the land), no matter how big or small, no matter how important the work is, women carry it all on their shoulders. They work at the end of the day and rest at the end of the day. They have made silent and selfless sacrifices all their lives. Even after they died a hundred years ago, they did not even have their own names on the tombstones.

Hakka women can live independently and therefore have a certain degree of independent personality. However, like Hakka men, they are also difficult to escape the limitations of the times. As for their marriage issues, on the one hand, many of their sisters can express their love by singing folk songs and form a good relationship with the man of their choice; on the other hand, there are still practices of finger-tip marriage, child bride, exchange marriage and commercial marriage in many places. This bad habit makes Hakka women the direct victims. Therefore, there is a saying that "men are afraid of getting into the wrong profession, and women are afraid of marrying the wrong man." And the consistent rule of "if you marry a chicken, follow the chicken, if you marry a dog, follow the dog, if you marry a fox, follow the mountain" has caused them to complain about this unfortunate marriage, and the Hakka area has the custom of "crying for marriage" . On the day of her wedding, the bride cried bitterly before getting into the sedan chair. She sang sad and melancholy folk songs to express her gratitude to her parents for their upbringing, feeling ashamed that she could not repay her, expressing all her worries about her new husband's family, and pity that she was not a boy. The weeping song, almost every word is blood, Shitou would shed tears after hearing it. If it weren't for the persuasion of the three aunts and six wives, it would be difficult for the wedding procession to make it. Nowadays, society has improved, and the marriage and destiny of Hakka women have taken on the glory of the times.

The highest "reward" for Hakka women is probably that they can drink mother's wine when they give birth to children. This kind of Niangjiu is brewed from glutinous rice. It is cooked with pork, chicken, eggs, etc. during the "confinement" period within one month after giving birth to a child. It has beautifying, wind-removing, blood-stasis dispersing, blood circulation, body-building, and lactation-stimulating properties. The effect. At the same time, the host family will make ginger wine and give it to relatives and neighbors as a sign of good news. If the ginger is cut into slices, it means a girl is born; if the ginger is cut into shreds, it means a boy is born. Hakka women have a strong body, and Hakka Niangjiu wine plays an important role in this.

American missionary Rob Smith, who has lived in the Hakka area for many years, believed in "Hakkas in China": "Hakka women are truly the most admirable women of any ethnic group we have seen. thing". The British Edel also commented in his book "A Brief Ethnography of the Hakka": "Hakka women are the most beautiful examples of working women in China." The history of the Hakka people is enriched by Hakka women.

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