Introducing Barcelona
Barcelona is located in the northeast of Spain. The official language is Spanish, but Catalan is spoken throughout the region. Barcelona is a port city of Catalonia, a world-famous Mediterranean scenic resort, a world-famous historical and cultural city and the most important trade, industry and financial base of Spain. Its industrial output value accounts for 1/5 of the whole country, including automobiles, heavy machinery, chemicals, precision instruments and textiles. The port of Barcelona is also the largest port and container terminal along the Mediterranean coast. Barcelona Port is the largest comprehensive port in China, with 8,000 ships (gross tonnage of 40 million tons) and annual throughput of 20 million tons. Barcelona is older than Madrid. For most of its history, Spain is a more important city than Madrid, first the capital of the Spanish people, and later the territory of the powerful Count of Barcelona. 1 137 became the capital of Catalonia and the United Kingdom of Aragon, and has since become an extremely rich and brilliant city. /kloc-At the beginning of the 0/5th century, Barcelona and its region were merged into the Spanish state. Since then, there has been fierce competition between Madrid and Barcelona. As one of the top seaports, commercial centers and industrial cities in this country, Barcelona has become increasingly prosperous.
In 237, the Carthaginians established settlements, which became the capital of the Principality of Carthage from 4 15. 1 1 century gradually built into the earliest trading port in Spain. Established on 1503. /kloc-The expansion of the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of American colonies in the 6th century affected its commercial status. /kloc-Spanish industry began to develop in the 0/9th century. 1832, the city established a steam engine textile factory, which became the most advanced city in China and the earliest city where the Spanish workers' movement rose.
Industry used to be famous for machinery, textiles, printing, food and so on. , especially shipbuilding and textile industry, has the longest history and is the largest shipbuilding and textile center in China. After World War II, automobile, chemical industry, precision instruments, plastics and other industries developed rapidly. The total industrial output value accounts for 1/5 of the whole country, and it is the largest industrial center in Spain. Rich in wine, a wide variety, especially famous for aged wine. There is a wine museum. There are also world-famous Catalan eggs, milk, candy and pasta and other precious foods. Agriculture, especially Mediterranean fruit gardening, is quite developed in suburbs and surrounding areas. China's largest seaport and an important railway and aviation hub. Import and export trade accounts for more than 40% of the national total. Export textiles, ships, chemical raw materials, canned fruits, etc. ; Import machinery, oil, cotton, grain, etc. The city has convenient transportation and an underground railway.
Barcelona is also the birthplace of Catalan culture, which is closely related to the development of French culture and language. There are missionary universities and Catalan medical schools and universities. There are many museums in this city, including Catalan Art Museum, picasso museum, History Museum, Nature Museum and more than 20 other museums. It is the first city in Spain to open a printing factory and the first city in Europe to publish newspapers. The Barcelona International Music Festival held in June 5438+ 10 every year is a grand music event. The 25th Olympic Games was held in this city. In the center of the old city, there are medieval cathedrals, palaces and houses, which were built in13rd century.
Because there are many unforgettable Gothic buildings made of gray stone, with wide avenues and rows of trees on both sides, and the peaks are like needles, which are also artists' palaces. The remains of world famous artists such as Picasso, Gaudi and Miro can be seen everywhere in this city.
The ancient palaces, houses and modern buildings in the Middle Ages are in harmony with each other, and there is also the "Flower Market Street". The beautiful spring scenery in Spanish Square is wonderful, including Frederic Mace's exhibition hall, picasso museum, and the local Salda Garden Dance.
Barcelona is a typical Mediterranean climate, with mild and pleasant climate, sunny all year round and blooming flowers, unlike Madrid, which has four distinct seasons. It rains heavily in winter and early spring, but it seldom snows and the temperature rarely drops below zero. The pleasant climate, the famous Gold Coast and the romantic humanistic environment attract tens of millions of foreign tourists to visit here every year. It has promoted the development of local tourism service industry and related industries. The income from tourism and related industries is one of the most important sources of income in Barcelona.
The public transportation in Barcelona is very convenient, and the subway extends in all directions. Buses are rarely crowded, and most of them are elderly people. People can play golf, tennis, swimming, water skiing, sailing, hunting and fishing, including operas, operas, concerts and many other art exhibitions and music performances.
Barcelona hosted two World Expos, 1888 and 1929, which laid the foundation for the rapid development of the city. From 65438 to 0992, Barcelona successfully hosted the 25th Olympic Games, which made Barcelona famous in the world and made more people in the world know about Barcelona.
Geographical location:
Barcelona is located in the northeast of Iberian Peninsula, facing the Mediterranean Sea. The main part of the city is built on a highland in Lashan, Corceiro, with an area of about 160 square kilometers, of which the city covers an area of 10 1 square kilometers. The Lao Bouriga River runs through the southwest of the city, and the Bassos River runs through the north of the city. It is about160km away from the Pyrenees on the French-Spanish border.
Mount Lashan in Corceiro is a part of the coastal mountains, close to the northeast of the city, and its highest point, Dibibo Peak, is 5 12 meters above sea level, giving you a bird's eye view of the whole city. . Barcelona is located in hilly areas as a whole, and many blocks of the city are named after nearby hills, such as Carmel (267m above sea level), Putset (18 1m above sea level) and Lovera (28 1m above sea level). The famous Mont Hook Cliff is located in the southwest of the city, with a height of173m, overlooking the whole Barcelona harbor. Due to its superior geographical location, the Barcelona people built Monthook Castle, which can control the whole city's lifeline, in the17-18th century, and replaced Tadera Castle. Today Mont Hook Castle has become a museum, and Mont Hook District is a gathering place for many sports and cultural organizations.
Administrative divisions:
It is made up of Belize, Lerida, Gerones and tarragona, and it is the main industrial and commercial area of Spain. Catalans are characterized by diligence, simplicity and adherence to traditional concepts. Barcelona has a Mediterranean climate with four seasons like spring.
Climate overview:
Barcelona has a typical Mediterranean climate, which is warm in winter and cool in summer, and humid in spring and autumn. It is suitable for traveling all year round. The average temperature in winter is 1 1 degree Celsius, and the coldest month is 1 1 month, with an average of1degree Celsius. The average temperature in summer is 24 degrees Celsius. The best season to go to Barcelona is summer, where you can fully enjoy the Mediterranean sunshine, and sunbathing on the beach is an eye-opener.
City reputation:
Barcelona is known as the "Pearl of Iberian Peninsula" with its pleasant climate, beautiful scenery and numerous historical sites, and is the most famous tourist destination in Spain. It is an ancient cultural city in Spain and is known as Manhattan in the Mediterranean. The whole city is surrounded by mountains and seas, and the terrain is magnificent. Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque buildings in urban areas complement modern buildings. From Placa Portal de la Pau to Placa de Cataluna, there are countless buildings worth visiting with the cathedral as the center. The city tour begins at the palace. Gaudi's architectural works are the most dazzling pearl in Barcelona, and the Gold Coast in the Mediterranean Sea is a seaside resort.
Cultural characteristics:
As a diversified city, Barcelona has a diversified outlook. When tourists who are not familiar with their own city history come here, they may feel a little different. In such a modern city, Laoge Special Zone still retains its original features, and the change of historical dynasties never seems to touch him.
Architectural features:
There are many Spanish-style romantic buildings in Barcelona, and the Sagrada Familia church, which points to the sky like a road sign, is one of them. This church, which was built in 1882, has been delayed due to lack of funds. At present, only the nativity gate at the main entrance of three temples has been completed. Nevertheless, the people who have seen it are still moved and dumbfounded. Gul Palace is as moving and breathtaking as a garden city. Guggenheim Museum is an extraordinary building, with huge thick rocks piled up into a huge kettle, which is grotesque, mysterious and magnificent. You can't imagine if you haven't been to Barcelona.
Barcelona is an elegant city, and the hillside in the suburbs slowly connects with the surrounding hills. There are many rocky headlands and sandy beaches along the coast from Barcelona to the French border. The golden beach connects the blue sea water with the dark green olive trees and pine forests on the shore, which will make you feel like you are in a fairyland in the afterglow of sunrise or sunset.
The statues of various figures on the streets of Barcelona are also unique.
Barcelona has a mild and pleasant climate. Catalonia Square in the city is both an entertainment center and a good place to shop. You can buy the most local suede coats and overcoats, lace shawls and exquisite silverware at the stalls in the center of the street. After entertainment and shopping, it is convenient to have a rest and eat.
All kinds of cafes, restaurants and bars have good service. The local specialties are lobster, seafood and sausage boiled beans in Brava Bay. Of course, there are also China restaurants.
Nickname of Barcelona:
Azulgrana, in Barcelona area, both old and young people love to call it Barcelona, but outside Catalonia, people call it Barcelona. Barcelona is very much like Shanghai in China. It is beautiful, famous, ancient and intelligent, but it is not the capital. So there are some factors that make them prefer to use their own language rather than the official language, and the nickname of Barcelona team came into being. In Catalan dialect, Assour is blue, Grana is red, and together they are the colors of Barcelona's uniforms. Azulgrana has become synonymous with Barcelona. Spanish football professionals use Azulgrana more, because when it comes to Barcelona, it doesn't necessarily refer to the team, but Azulgrana must refer to Barcelona (including handball, basketball, water polo and other clubs). Barcelona also has an older title: Cules, which means dirty. In the 1920s, Barcelona didn't have a football field that is famous all over the world today. At that time, the stadium was very small. The audience sat on a thin bench watching the ball, with half of their hips exposed behind them. Because there was no fence, countless half hips were exposed from the periphery of the stadium, which became a great spectacle in Barcelona at that time. Therefore, people named the Barcelona team red, and red is the buttocks. Nowadays, this name is rare in Barcelona, and only white molecules have been used.
world heritage
Eight buildings in Barcelona are listed as World Heritage Sites:
The buildings designed by Antoni Gaudíi Cornet were listed as World Heritage in 1984:
1. Casa Vicente, Vinson House (1883- 1888)
2. Palau G in Palau Guell? ELL ( 1886 - 1889)
3. Gail Park Park G? ELL( 1900- 19 14)
4. Bart House, Bart House? ( 1904- 1906)
5. Mira House? La Pedreira (1906-1912) 6. FAM Sagrada Familia Church? LIA ( 1883- 1926)
Designed by Lluí s Domè nech I Minnich, the building was listed as a World Heritage Site in 1997:
1. Palau Deramaux Sika Catalonia (1905- 1908), Catalonia Concert Hall.
2. Sao Paulo Hospital Santa Creu i Santpau Hospital (1902- 1930)
Barcelona's airport is located in the southwest of the city center, 0/3km away from the city center/kloc-0. There are three exits at the airport. There are direct flights between Barcelona and more than 30 international cities every day. Time to Barcelona: 2 hours from London; It takes 7 hours and 30 minutes to leave from new york; Distance from Los Angeles 13 hour; Distance to Toronto 14 hour 10 minute; 15 minutes and 25 hours from Sydney.
The train from the airport to the city center runs every 30 minutes, from 05: 30 to 22: 00 every day, and the journey time is about half an hour.
Spain's national railway is RENFE, and Barcelona has two main railway stations: Estacio Sants Station is mainly the starting station and terminal station of long-distance trains in Spanish domestic cities, with complete equipment, and Estacop de France is the underground railway station leading to various districts in the city, which is the main railway station to and from France, and some domestic trains will also stop here.
There are 10 long-distance buses to Barcelona at Chamartin station in Madrid every day, which takes 7 hours and costs about 30-40 euros.
The subway is the most convenient means of transportation to and from Barcelona. There are five routes, all of which are identified by color, and the route network is not complicated, so it can be used for multiple purposes. The subway route map can be taken from the visitor center or the subway ticket office.
The buses in Barcelona are all single-storey, with spacious seats and many routes. Each bus stop has a route map, which is easy to understand. Most buses are from 5: 30 to 23: 00 in the morning.
The best way to go to Barcelona is to take sightseeing bus. One ticket can get on and off at 24 major tourist attractions in the city. Sightseeing bus runs every 20 minutes at 09:00-2 1:30. One-day ticket 10 euro, and another day ticket 14 euro.
Taxi bodies are black and yellow, which are numerous and can be seen everywhere. Empty cars will display "Lliure" or "Libre" on the windshield, and will give a green light on the roof at night. ,。 In addition, it will increase late at night, Saturday, Sunday and holidays.