What is Bermuda Triangle?
general situation
The origin of the name "Bermuda Devil's Triangle" is that on February 5th, 1945, the American 19 suddenly disappeared during training. At that time, the scheduled flight plan was a triangle, so people later extended the western Atlantic Ocean on the southeast coast of the United States from Bermuda in the north to Miami in the south of Florida, then passed through the Bahamas, crossed Puerto Rico, and reached San Diego near the 40 ~ (th) longitude line. Hundreds of ships and planes crashed in this area, and thousands of people died here. From 1880 to 1976, there were about 158 disappearances, most of which occurred in the 30 years since 1949. 97 people are missing, and at least 2000 people are killed or missing here. These strange and mysterious disappearances mainly occurred in an area called "the sargasso sea" in the western Atlantic Ocean, which is a wide water area between 20-40 degrees north latitude and 35-75 degrees west longitude. Here is the world-famous Mexican warm current, which is day and night 120- 190 km, with many whirlpools, typhoons and tornadoes. Not only that, the sea here is 4000-5000 meters deep, and there is the Puerto Rico Trench, which is more than 7000 meters deep and the deepest is 92 18 meters.
cause
So far, the explanations of the Bermuda Devil's Triangle can be summarized into the following categories: one category thinks that these disappearances are caused by supernatural reasons and are related to whether there are alien flying saucers at work. The second category thinks that it is caused by natural causes, such as geomagnetic anomalies, seabed holes, and some people even put forward theories such as bubbles, clear-sky turbulence, water bridges and black holes. And use some strange natural phenomena to explain that "everything is in the devil's triangle." Recently, a British geologist and Professor kleiner from Leeds University put forward a new viewpoint. He believes that the chief culprit that often causes shipwrecks or shipwrecks in Bermuda waters is the huge biogas bubbles generated at the bottom of the sea. Crystals composed of frozen water and biogas have been found under the seabed strata in Bermuda. When a severe earthquake occurs on the seabed, the massive crystals buried in the ground are turned out, and they will vaporize rapidly because of the reduction of external pressure. A large number of bubbles rise to the water surface, which reduces the density of seawater and loses its original buoyancy. At this time, ships passing through here will sink to the bottom of the sea like stones. If there happens to be a plane passing by at this time, when the biogas meets the burning plane engine, it will undoubtedly burn and explode immediately and disappear. On the contrary, some people think that these strange disappearance phenomena are not related to each other, thus denying the existence of Mu Bai in the Devil's Triangle. Whether the mysterious veil of Bermuda has been unveiled remains to be verified by future generations.
situation
Among the mysterious maritime events of this century, the most famous and puzzling are a series of plane and ship disappearances in Bermuda Triangle. It is said that hundreds of planes and ships have mysteriously disappeared in this sea area since 1945. There are so many disappearances that the world can't believe that they are all accidental. The so-called Bermuda Triangle refers to a triangular sea area from Bermuda in the north, Puerto Rico in the south and Florida in the west, with an area of about/kloc-0.00 million square kilometers. Because of the disappearance and overlapping of this sea surface, the world calls it "the black hole of the earth" and "the devil's triangle".
1945 One day in February, Captain Taylor, the captain of the 19 air force of the United States, led 14 pilots and took off from Fort Lauderdale Airport in Florida with five Avengers torpedo bombers for flight training. Taylor is an experienced pilot with a record of 2599 hours of air flight. His flying skills should not be a problem at all to complete such a training task. But when the flying fleet flew over the Bahamas, the base suddenly received a phone call from Captain Taylor: "My compass is out of order!" " "I am in an unconnected land!" In the next two hours, the radio communication system was intermittent, but it still showed that they were flying generally north and east. At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the headquarters received a phone call from Captain Taylor: "I don't know where I am. I don't know where. " Then the radio signal became weaker and weaker until there was silence. The headquarters felt that something was wrong and immediately sent a seaplane to take off and search. Half an hour later, people on an oil tanker saw the flames and the seaplane crashed.
In just six hours, six planes and 15 pilots suddenly disappeared. They disappeared for no reason. This incident greatly shocked the American authorities, and the military is determined to investigate the matter thoroughly. The next day, in the sea area of 6 million square kilometers, 300 planes and 2 1 ships including aircraft carriers were dispatched to conduct the largest search. It took five days to search every sea surface from Bermuda to the Gulf of Mexico, but the six planes were still not found.
Over the years, people have different opinions about this incident, and Mu Bai 3 Sea Area has also become famous with the disclosure of this incident. However, the unidentified disappearance of ships or planes in this area can be traced back to the middle of19th century.
As early as 1840, when a French cargo ship named "Lochari" sailed for Bermuda, people found that the food on board was as fresh as ever, the goods were neat and intact, and all the crew members were mysteriously missing.
1872, in the sea west of Azores, another double-masted ship named "Maria Milist" was found drifting at sea, with fresh fruit, food and even half a cup of coffee, but there was no one inside.
1935, the sailors of the Italian cargo ship Lex watched the American buckwheat sailboat Radhomer being submerged by the waves bit by bit. But five days later, they saw the sailboat floating on the sea again. The sailors couldn't believe their eyes. Even if they jumped aboard with the rescued crew of the Radhomer, they wondered if they were daydreaming.
Another outstanding example is that the US Navy auxiliary ship "Monocular" loaded with manganese ore disappeared in March 19 18. There were 309 sailors on this huge cargo ship. At that time, it had good radio equipment, but it disappeared without sending any distress signal.
195 1 year, when a Brazilian seaplane searched for one of their missing warships in this sea area, it found a huge black object underwater in Bermuda, which was passing by at an alarming speed.
1977 In February, someone flew a private seaplane over Bermuda and found that the compass pointer deviated by dozens of degrees. People who are eating find that the knives and forks on the plate are bent. After flying away from here, they also found that the tape recorder recorded strong noise.
A captain of the American shipwreck rescue company said that once when he was passing Bermuda by boat, the compass needle on the boat suddenly swung violently, and the power of the running diesel engine suddenly disappeared. The turbid waves went straight into the sky and the boat was surrounded by fog. He ordered the engineer to go ahead at full speed and finally rushed out of the fog. But the waves outside this sea area are not big and there is no fog. He said that he had never seen such a strange thing.
The Bermuda Triangle incident has attracted the attention of scientists and relevant parties in various countries. People put forward various views on this.
Some people think that Bermuda's submarine magnetic field is huge, which will cause the compass to fail. 1943, a doctor named Jusa did an experiment with the cooperation of the US Navy, and used two magnetic generators to output more than ten hands of magnetic force. After the magnetic field generator was turned on, green smoke surged around the hull, which stimulated the ship and people to a certain extent. Some people returned to normal after treatment, but Jusa committed suicide afterwards. So the result will go away.
Some people think that Bermuda has a phenomenon similar to a cosmic black hole. But a "black hole" is a state in space. Whether there is a black hole on the earth remains to be proved. Some people think that when a sea current collides with the sea current in Bermuda, it will cause a maritime accident, but there is no reasonable explanation for how this submarine undercurrent is formed.
In addition, there are various theories such as infrasound destruction theory and air theory of turbulence, but these explanations are also a hypothesis, lacking sufficient basis and not generally accepted by people.
scientific exploration
1979, a joint investigation team organized by American and French scientists discovered a huge underwater pyramid at the bottom of Bermuda. According to the photos taken by Charles Beriz, honorary curator of Miami Museum, we can see that this underwater pyramid is bigger than the Great Pyramid of Egypt. There are two black holes on the tower, and the sea water passes through at high speed.
The discovery of underwater pyramids makes the mystery of Bermuda Triangle more mysterious. Is it man-made or natural? What does it have to do with the successive shipwrecks in Bermuda? These all need further discussion. Bermuda, the black hole, has not bottomed out yet.
There is no Bermuda Devil's Triangle.
Fang zhouzi
Bermuda is a famous tourist attraction in the Atlantic Ocean, but it is associated with a terrible name. There is no such division as Bermuda Triangle in geography, but the proponent of the mysterious phenomenon simply drew three lines to form a triangle, namely Bermuda, Miami, Florida and San Juan, Puerto Rico, and then claimed that there were many inexplicable ships and planes missing in this sea area, which was called the "Devil Triangle". Some people even claim that there are many such "devil's triangles" on the earth, and the more famous one is the "devil's sea" in Japan. After countless articles and books, this statement has become more and more popular. It is not only a household name, but also believed by some professionals. For example, the China Ocean Information Network sponsored by the National Ocean Information Center also regards the Bermuda Triangle as a "sea wonder" and a "sea mystery", and has included several related articles. Ocean World, the main popular marine science magazine in China, introduced the Bermuda Triangle to China people for the first time in the early 1980s.
Later, this topic was mentioned many times. Until 2000, there were at least two articles about it. One was Bermuda: Zhao Juntao's The Triangle of Death (No.2, 2000), and the other was Yang Yang's Mysterious Zone in the Sea (No.4, 2000), claiming: "For decades, many ships and planes have mysteriously disappeared here and never left any traces. In this sea area, unmanned ghost ships are floating around, and strange lights and fog are flickering ... Bermuda Triangle is called "Death Triangle", "Devil Triangle" and "Magic Sea" ... "(Bermuda: Death Triangle by Zhao Juntao) It is really shocking that a beautiful paradise on earth has become a hell on earth under the pen of these authors.
People have put forward various theories and hypotheses to try to explain this mysterious phenomenon, which has become a science. For example, alien abduction, laser emission by western countries, black hole theory, infrasound vibration theory at sea, high pressure oil and gas theory, parallel universe, second gravity, four-dimensional space, space-time contraction theory and so on mentioned in the above article. The most popular view is that there is an alien base at the bottom of Bermuda Triangle. The missing planes and ships were taken away by aliens, and the missing people were taken by aliens for experiments. The sci-fi movie Close Encounter of the Third Kind shows the missing pilots being put back by aliens decades later. They are as young as before they disappeared. There is also a fascinating science fiction that these planes and spaceships have entered the "whirlpool of time" or the fourth dimension and gone to another world. Some people try to give reasonable explanations based on the existing scientific knowledge, such as tsunami, earthquake, tornado, gravity anomaly and magnetic anomaly (the US Navy measured this sea area during the census and mapping, and found no anomalies). There is a saying that the magnetic declination is abnormal, which seems reasonable and even accepted by some skeptics. As we all know, the magnetic pole and geographical pole of the earth are often inconsistent, which leads to a certain deviation between the north pole pointed by the compass and the actual north pole, and the magnetic declination is generally different from place to place. This magnetic declination phenomenon was discovered by China people as early as the Song Dynasty, which is a basic navigation knowledge.
Some people claim that the Bermuda Triangle is different, but the magnetic north pole and the north pole are on the same line, that is, the magnetic declination is zero. If sailors and pilots keep the habit of correcting the magnetic declination of Bermuda Triangle, they will lose their way. This statement can't stand scrutiny. Every sailor and pilot will always remember the phenomenon of magnetic declination. If they forget for a while, they will go off course elsewhere, but when the declination is zero, they will not. Even if the sailor or pilot loses his mind and suddenly corrects the compass where no correction is needed, it can only explain why the plane and ship deviate from the course, but not why they disappear. There are many places in geomagnetism where the declination is zero. Connecting these places becomes an imaginary "zero magnetic declination line", which starts from the Great Lakes of the United States, passes through the eastern United States, Florida and Cuba, and extends to South America. In fact, the Bermuda Triangle is not all on the zero magnetic declination line. The magnetic declination is only near Florida, and gradually increases eastward, reaching 15 degrees in Bermuda.
Advocates of mystery admit that there is no reasonable theory or hypothesis to explain the mysterious disappearance of Bermuda Triangle. The question is, if this mysterious disappearance didn't exist in the first place, why bother to explain it? But none of these "researchers" thought of investigating whether so many ships and planes really disappeared in the Bermuda Triangle. Larry Kusche, a librarian at Arizona State University in the United States, decided to do this for them and investigate more than 50 cases mentioned by supporters of the mysterious phenomenon one by one (because it is difficult to say whether some related accidents should be counted together or separately, there is no need to determine the numbers). The truth of the case, referring to the relevant investigation reports of the US Air Force, Navy, Coast Guard and Lloyd's Insurance Company in London, the newspaper reports at the time of the accident, and writing letters to relevant personnel for inquiry, published "The Mystery of Bermuda Triangle-1975 Solved", and introduced his investigation results of each case in detail. This book is considered correct by the US Coast Guard, Lloyd's Insurance Company of London and many authoritative organizations.
Looking forward to the conclusion of the big triangle phenomenon. In this book, Kugan gave up ten conclusions:
First, after finding enough information, most accidents can be reasonably explained, which is not mysterious. For example, some are due to hurricanes, some are due to defects in the hull structure itself and bad weather. These are the conclusions in the post-investigation report.
Second, some legendary "accidents", key details, and even the whole accident are fictitious.
Third, some accidents that obviously occurred elsewhere have also been included in the Bermuda Triangle. The most notorious is a shipwreck in the Pacific Ocean in 1902, and an air crash in Ireland in 195 1 year, all of which are accidents in the Bermuda Triangle. If the Bermuda Triangle accident is defined according to the proponent, it will include the vast sea areas of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico and the North Atlantic. The disappearance of ships and planes occurs all over the world. For example, since 1850, nearly 200 ships and planes have disappeared or been abandoned between New England and Northern Europe. In fact, the disappearance of the Bermuda Triangle is not prominent.
Some missing ships pass through Bermuda Triangle, but we don't know whether they disappeared there.
In many cases, the missing location of a ship or plane is almost completely unknown, and searchers have to be asked to look for vast sea areas.
6. When many accidents happened, people didn't think there was any mystery at that time, but many years later, the advocates of mysterious phenomena began to count them as mysterious accidents when they were looking for evidence. At this time, it is generally difficult to fully understand the details of the accident that happened many years ago.
Contrary to legend, when many accidents happen, the weather is very bad. In several accidents, the hurricane was the chief culprit.
Eight, many accidents occurred in the afternoon or evening, which made rescuers wait until the next morning to see the scene clearly, so there was a whole night at sea to destroy the scene, and it was difficult to find the wreckage.
Nine, many authors did not do the original investigation when introducing the accident, but only quoted other authors' articles. Therefore, the misinformation is getting more and more outrageous.
10. When introducing some accidents, the advocate concealed important details that could clearly explain the disappearance.
Cusher's book (second edition) does not specifically count how many accidents can be determined to have occurred in the Bermuda Triangle. I calculated according to his specific description of each accident. Of these more than 50 accidents, only about 20 can be confirmed to have occurred in the Bermuda Triangle or its adjacent waters. Considering that it is an area where ships and planes come and go very frequently, 100 years ago, these accidents are not too many. In addition, contrary to legend, some accidents in the Bermuda Triangle have found wreckage and even survivors.
These conclusions also apply to other "devil's triangle", such as Japan's "devil's sea", which Kushe found was actually fabricated by Americans.
Careful readers may think that if mysterious shipwrecks and air crashes really happen frequently in the Bermuda Triangle, the most important thing to pay attention to is the marine insurance company, which should charge extra insurance fees for ships passing through the Bermuda Triangle. But insurance companies don't think the Bermuda Triangle is a particularly dangerous sea area. In 1975, Lloyd's Insurance Company of London, which monopolizes British marine insurance, said in reply to the inquiry of Destiny magazine: "According to Lloyd's records, 428 ships have been reported missing in the world since 1955. You may be interested to know that our intelligence department has not found any evidence to support the statement that there are more missing cases in Bermuda Triangle than in other places. The computer records of the US Coast Guard about the Atlantic accident can be traced back to 1958, and the results also support this conclusion. "
From this point of view, the mysterious phenomenon of the so-called "Bermuda Devil's Triangle" does not exist at all, but becomes mysterious. How is this mysterious phenomenon concocted and spread? This must start with a famous air crash in American aviation history-the disappearance of the US Navy 19 squadron.
19 squadron consists of 5 Avengers torpedo bombers and 14 pilots (including 5 pilots, others are radios and gunners). Four of the planes were piloted by student pilots, and the pilot of the fifth plane was Captain CharlesTaylor, the squadron leader in charge of training these students. At 2pm on February 5th, 1945, 1945, these five planes took off from the Naval Air Base in Fort Lauderdale, Florida for flight training. The established route is to fly eastward from Florida Peninsula, cross the Atlantic Ocean to the Bahamas, and then return to Fort Lauderdale, with a total distance of about 300 miles. There is enough gasoline on the plane to fly for six hours. At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the base received a signal from Taylor that it was in trouble. At this time, the plane has reached the sky above the Bahamas, but it did not turn back south and west as planned, but continued to fly north and east, and the farther away from the mainland, it flew to the depths of the Atlantic Ocean. The last communication received by the base was shortly after 7 o'clock, when the plane still had fuel for an hour, but it was obvious that it continued to fly deep into the Atlantic Ocean until the fuel ran out and sank to the bottom of the sea. Pilots can
You can try to land at sea, but you fail in the dark and die. Rescuers failed to find the wreckage and bodies of the plane, and it was obvious that they had all sunk into the depths of the sea. The Avenger, nicknamed "Iron Bird", has an empty weight of 14000 pounds. Once it crashed into the sea, it quickly sank to the bottom of the sea. However, the tragedy is not over. At 7: 27 that night, two Martin mariner planes took off to rescue them. One of them exploded 23 minutes after take-off, killing all the crew on board 13. Mariner is easy to leak oil, nicknamed "flying fuel tank". If a passenger smokes or sparks for other reasons, it may explode and cause an accident. The sailors of SS Gaines Mills witnessed the explosion of the plane and found the wreckage that fell into the sea.
Subsequent official and unofficial investigations (including Kushe) concluded that Captain Taylor must bear the main responsibility for the disappearance of 19 squadron. Taylor is not an excellent pilot, but he is famous for his carelessness. In World War II, he was rescued twice because he lost his way at sea (Taylor was forced to abandon the plane and skydive for the third time at sea, but that time was not his responsibility). In this flight training, Taylor forgot to bring his watch and basic navigation instruments. During the flight, he reported that the compass on his plane was out of order, but according to the visual inspection, he thought he could continue to guide the flight, claiming that he didn't need help. At 4: 45, the base found that Taylor was obviously lost and asked him to hand over the command to the plane below, but Taylor obviously didn't do so. According to the telephone records, Taylor has been leading the squadron to sail in the wrong direction. Until 6 o'clock, Taylor was still ordering the squadron to fly east. At least two student pilots thought it should fly west, but because of military discipline, they had to follow Taylor to the abyss. The base repeatedly asked Taylor to switch to a more reliable emergency channel, but Taylor refused to do so. So the accident was mainly caused by human error, followed by bad weather. 19 squadron was fine when it first took off, but it quickly deteriorated. Rescue planes reported strong airflow and dangerous flight conditions, while ships in the sea reported storms and huge waves. A wayward squadron leader and an inexperienced student pilot flew at night in bad weather. His murder is almost inevitable, there is no mystery.
But Taylor's relatives were dissatisfied with the results of the investigation. They appealed to the top of the US Navy. In the late 1940s, the highest authorities of the US Navy met Taylor's relatives' demands and blamed the accident on bad weather and "unknown factors". "Unknown factors" stimulate people's imagination. The crash of flight squadron 19 became the most talked-about mysterious story in Bermuda's Devil's Triangle, which was intentionally or unintentionally embellished in the spread, so the bad weather was described as "the weather was fine at that time" (see Zhao Juntao's Bermuda: Death Triangle, the same below), and a training flight of student pilots was described as "the pilot 14 who participated in the training was also experienced. Taylor's refusal to use the emergency communication channel was described as "radio communication was disturbed", and the "sailor" rescue plane that exploded shortly after take-off was described as "missing after keeping in touch with the base", which seemed mysterious, but in fact it was only one of many rescue planes dispatched that day.
The rendering of Bermuda Triangle can be traced back to1September 950 16. On that day, united press international published an article claiming that "ships and planes mysteriously disappeared between the Florida coast and Bermuda". The author of this article, E.V.W Jones, can be regarded as the father of Bermuda Devil Triangle. Two years later, Destiny magazine published an article signed by George X. Sander, summarizing the "bizarre disappearance at sea" in Bermuda. Subsequently, several books describing the mysterious phenomenon in Bermuda appeared, such as the UFO case of M.K. Jessup and the UFO of Donald Keyhoe, all of which claimed that these disappearances in Bermuda were caused by alien abduction. 1February 964,
In a novel publication named Argosy, Vincent Gaddis published The Deadly Bermuda Triangle and put forward the term "Bermuda Triangle" for the first time. 1969, john Wallace Spencer published Limbo of the Lost, which was devoted to the Bermuda Triangle and had a great influence. Two years later, a long documentary called The Devil's Triangle was released. 1974, Charles Berlitz published The Bermuda Triangle, which became a best seller and sold five million copies. Advocated by these articles, books and movies, the "Bermuda Devil Triangle" has become a well-known mysterious zone in the West. Kusher's book The Mystery of Bermuda Triangle-Solved is mainly written to refute Belize's best seller. After the book was published, Belize spread rumors everywhere, claiming that a great pyramid was found at the bottom of the Bermuda Triangle, at least 420 feet high and 540 feet long at the bottom, and believed that the pyramid could reveal the mystery of mysterious disappearance. 1in March, 978, Kushe challenged Belize to provide evidence of the discovery of submarine pyramids. Kusher contacted oceanographers from MIT, the US Navy and other institutions, and no one knew about the discovery of the undersea pyramid. He asked to bet with Belize that each bank would deposit 1 ten thousand dollars. If Belize can produce evidence of the existence of submarine pyramids before 1 September, 9781day, and it is confirmed by authoritative institutions such as the American Archaeological Institute, the American Geophysical Union and the National Geographic Society, it will win the bet. More importantly, Kusher will admit that Belize is.
That's right. One week before the deadline, on April 24th, 1978, Belize informed the vice president of this bank that it was unwilling to accept the challenge of Kushe, which was tantamount to admitting that it was talking nonsense without evidence. This farce, based on false information, ended in the United States and then staged in China, and never stopped.