Why do green turtles grow fur?

The origin of green turtle is in nature. It is common to see that the shells of some aquatic animals such as constrictor, mussel and shrimp are covered with algae. Tongxiang, the turtle's carapace is also a hard shell rich in calcium, which can grow "hair" under suitable conditions. This kind of "hair" is a kind of algae, a kind of primitive and inferior plants, an independent group in the plant kingdom, and an autotrophic organism. They have thick filaments and strong adhesion, and are called Basidiomycetes and Basidiomycetes. Algae grow and develop in water to a certain stage, that is, there are bears that breed offspring. A large number of swimming robes are released by algae, and the swimming robes are constantly swimming in the water. If there is an opportunity to land on the turtle's back, the swimming robes will be planted on the turtle's back with calcium and secrete mucus. Under suitable conditions such as temperature, light and water quality, the swimming robes will germinate to produce new algae. It can be seen that the "hair" on the turtle's carapace is not inherent in the turtle itself, but the algae adheres to the turtle's carapace, abdominal carapace and other parts under certain suitable conditions, which is a whole combination of animals and plants, so it is called "green-haired turtle". As early as in Compendium of Materia Medica, the green turtle was recorded: the green turtle went out of Neixiang, Nanyang, and Tangxian. At present, in nature, the wild green turtle is mainly produced in Xinchun County, Hubei Province and Changshu County, Jiangsu Province. Green turtle is a rare ornamental animal, which is interesting whether it is still or moving in the water. As a newly emerging aquaculture industry, green turtle is developing continuously. It has the characteristics of less investment, small land occupation, no regional restrictions, but higher income. Therefore, raising green turtles is a new way to get rich. In the process of cultivating or raising green-haired turtles, due to different means and management methods, the parts and lengths of the green-haired turtles are different. Therefore, green turtle lovers determine their names according to the different parts of the algae attached to the turtle body. Generally, there are the following varieties: 1. There are algae on the head, forehead, quadrupeds, carapace and abdomen of the five-child champion turtle. 2. There are algae in the carapace and abdominal carapace. 3. There is an algae bread worm on the carapace of the turtle. 4. There are algae on the front or back feet of the double-tasselled turtle. 5. One foot of the single-tasselled turtle has algae. 6. The peony head grows algae only on the top of the turtle's head. Among the species of green turtle, Mudantou and Wuzi are rare species, and the rest are common species. The characteristics of green turtle species are very unstable and sometimes change. Due to improper management, turtle diseases and other factors, the growth of algae will be affected, such as peony head, turtle head festering, skin peeling off, and green algae will also fall off. The changes of single tassel and double tassel will be greater. In addition, when evaluating the green turtle, we should also consider the turtle species, the size of the turtle, the color of the green algae, etc. Usually, the four-serving spotted turtle and the flat-breasted turtle are precious, the dark green algae is the best, and the size of the turtle body is 3 ~ 1 grams. Cultivation of Green-Haired Turtles

1. Species of turtles that can be photographed in China's nature, there are 23 species of freshwater turtles. Generally speaking, as long as the conditions for the growth of green algae can be met, all freshwater turtles can be used to cultivate green turtles, but the following two conditions must be met: (1) Cladosporium or Cladosporium dorsalis is an algae plant living in water, so it must have water sources. (2) The water in which turtles live must have Cladosporium or Cladosporium swimming. These two conditions are indispensable. Green-haired turtles commonly cultivated in China include: turtle, yellow-throated water turtle, dry-breasted turtle, four-spotted turtle and golden-headed box turtle, among which mauremys mutica is the most commonly used turtle. Second, the selection of algae species Whether the selection of algae species is correct or not is the key to the success of cultivating green turtle in Bowl Bao. Therefore, before cultivating green-haired turtles, we must first understand what the "green hair" on green-haired turtles is. After research by scientists, it was found that the body of the hairy turtle. "Green hairs" are Basicladia crassa and Basicladia chelonyun. They belong to Celastrus, Chlorophyta, Cladoptera and Cladoptera. Basidiomycetes are green in color, like faint green in water, and the filaments are a kind of filamentous body, thick and not easy to break. In the wild, it is usually distributed in rivers, lakes, streams, ponds and streams, but the number is small, while there are more basidiomycetes attached to rocks, shaft walls and ship walls in mountain streams. A large number of various algae grow in nature, and they can also attach to the tortoise's carapace. However, some algae filaments are thin and brittle, and some larvae grow attached and live a floating life in the later stage of growth. These algae are not suitable for cultivating green turtles. Therefore, in the process of selecting algae species, correctly identifying algae species is a key link. The characteristics of distinguishing Cladosporium from other filamentous algae species by naked eyes are summarized in the following table. The difference between Cladosporium and other filamentous green algae The characteristic Cladosporium of the algae is dark green, and it feels rough when touched by hand. There are no branches or branches only at the base of algae filaments, which are thick and tough, and it is not easy to break. Other filamentous algae are light green, yellow-green or green with black, and feel smooth or slightly rough when touched by hand, with many branches, most of which are on the upper part of the filaments, which are thin and soft and easy to break < P > 3. Preparation work before algae cultivation (1) Pottery jars and porcelain jars can be used, but no matter what kind of container is selected, its inner wall should be smooth, and there should be no defects or other decorations. The size of the container is suitable for turtles to move freely in it. (2) Selection and breeding of turtles used to cultivate green-haired turtles require that the turtles be strong, take the initiative to eat, and the back membrane armor is not damaged, so they quickly sink to the bottom when they enter the water. The size of the turtle depends on the need. If you choose a turtle, you should choose a female, because the male has a foul smell and should not be chosen. Before inoculation, clean the tortoise shell, especially the mixed algae on the carapace and carapace. Soak it in 8 mg/L copper sulfate solution for 3 minutes, then rinse it thoroughly with clean water, and finally soak it in 2 mg/L potassium permanganate solution for 3 minutes. After brushing, the turtles should be intensively fed with food twice a day. Before inoculation, they should stop eating for 1-2 weeks, so that the turtles can discharge all their feces to avoid polluting the water quality during inoculation. (III) Treatment of Tortoise Shells Before inoculation, it is necessary to treat the tortoise's carapace and abdominal carapace, and grind the tortoise's shell rough with a grinding wheel or sandpaper, but the surface of the tortoise should not be damaged excessively to avoid causing inflammation and adverse consequences. (4) Water used for seed inoculation of Dalbergia, preferably the water replaced by feeding green turtles, is precipitated, filtered and reused. If not, well water and exposed tap water can also be used. The suitable pH of water is 7.5-9.5. (5) Cleaning of mushroom seeds Before inoculation, it is necessary to clean the miscellaneous mushrooms on the basidiomycetes, and pick up the ciliates, rotifers and shaking mosquitoes with tweezers. Because some algae shoots are rootless basal branches, line segments with basal branches and bright green larvae of basal branches, they do not form ascomycetes, but germinate and reproduce. (VI) Inoculation time The growth rate of aquatic plants with debris in the basal branches is related to factors such as light and water temperature. The lowest water temperature of Basidiococcus robe is 13.5℃, the highest water temperature is 28.5C, and the most suitable water temperature is 2 ~ 24℃. Therefore, the best inoculation time for cultivating green turtle is in spring and autumn. (VII) Inoculation methods There are many methods for inoculating Cladosporium in China, and the simplest and only effective method is introduced as follows: 1. Natural inoculation method The natural inoculation method is that the green turtle and the turtle to be cultivated are together, and the baby released by the algae swims in the water, and there is a chance to attach to the turtle to be cultivated. The specific operation method is as follows: divide the larger container into 4-5 small squares with metal mesh, put the green-haired turtle and the turtle to be cultivated in it, and after 2-3 months of cultivation, if the turtle to be cultivated will grow short green fluff on its back, it should be cultivated separately immediately. The disadvantage of this method is long time. < br> 2. The water for cultivating green turtle is kept by soaking in nutrient solution, and after 24 hours of precipitation, the bottom dirt is sucked with a hose, and 2/3 of the top water is poured out. Soak the turtles to be cultivated in the artificially prepared nutrient stuffing for 24 hours to accelerate the growth of green algae. The preparation method of the nutrient solution is as follows: 1 plant of Cynanchum bungeanum, 1 gram of white sugar, 1 gram of white ginseng and 5 grams of fish scales (preferably black fish scales) are taken, ground and crushed, and water is added and stirred evenly. Add a group of green vines similar in size to the turtle's back into the container. In the meantime, don't change water or feed. After 1 days, change the water once every 2-3 days, and the water temperature difference shall not exceed 3℃. Green algae can be cultivated in one month by this method. 3. Soaking NAA in NAA solution is a punishment for plant growth regulation. In the process of cultivating green turtle, adding a certain concentration of Nymphaea in the cultured water can promote the formation of spores of Cladosporium. Put the treated green turtle to be cultivated in a container with robe water, and add .1 ~ 5 mg/L of naiacetic acid solution. The cultivation method is the same as the nutrition soaking method. Adding naiacetic acid can advance the "lint" time by 4 times. Section IV Feeding and Management of Green Turtles Although the bred green turtles have grown "green hair", their management in the future is very important. As the saying goes, "three-point support, seven-point management", if not well managed, "green hair" can fall off or turn yellow. Green turtle is the product of the combination of animals and plants, and the biological characteristics of the two must be organically combined in feeding management. First, the feeding habits of green-haired turtles vary according to the turtles. But they generally eat small fish, shrimp, lean pork and so on. Feed once every two days in spring and autumn, and once every 3-4 days in summer, and it is advisable for turtles to finish eating every time. No feeding in winter. Second, the water-changing green turtle has lived in water for a long time, and its feces, epidermis and sundries on its body surface have accelerated the change of water quality, thus affecting the growth of Chlamydomonas. The frequency of changing water depends on the season. Because of the high temperature in summer, water must be changed after feeding. Change water every 3-4 days in spring and autumn, depending on the quality of water in winter. When changing water, first prepare a basin of clean water, wash the turtle once in the original container, and then wash the "green hair" in the prepared basin with a sparse comb. Finally, sink the container, inject fresh water, and let the turtle go. When changing water, attention should be paid to the change of old and new water temperatures, and the general temperature difference should not exceed about 3℃. 3. Light illumination is the basic condition for photosynthesis in the basal branches of the green turtle. When the light is insufficient or too strong, the algae are easy to turn yellow and white; The most suitable light for algae is scattering sunlight. In spring and autumn, the cylinder should be placed outdoors in the sun for 3 ~ 6 hours. In summer, due to the strong sunlight, it is not suitable to directly place the cylinder outdoors, so it should be radiated or a shade shed should be built. In winter, at noon, the turtle will be moved outside for sunshine, but it should not be moved outside in cold weather to avoid catching cold. Fourth, the winter is the hibernation period of turtles from late October to April of the following year. When the temperature drops to 16-1℃, the turtle stops eating and does not move. Make healthy turtles hibernate naturally, change water once every 2 ~ 3 weeks, increase the light appropriately, and pay attention to heat preservation when the cold comes. The weak turtles should be raised by heating.