Literature writers who wrote poems and lyrics related to Jiangxi

Huang Tingjian: (1045-1105), whose courtesy name was Lu Zhi, who was known as Valley Taoist, later as Fu Weng, also known as Mr. Huang of Yuzhang, Hongzhou Fenning (now Xiushui, Jiangxi, Yuzhang and Hongzhou) (formerly known as Nanchang) people. He was a poet, lyricist and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was one of the three founders of the Jiangxi Poetry School, which was very popular at that time.

Telling one’s true feelings

One wave causes thousands of waves to follow. The golden scales are in the depths and must hang down even if they are thousands of feet away.

Swallowing and vomiting, believing and doubting, taking the bait too late. The water is cold, the river is quiet, and the mountains are full of green mountains. I return home with the moon shining brightly.

Poetry of a Shepherd Boy

Riding a bull far past the front village, the sound of a piccolo blowing across the long distance can be heard.

How many famous and wealthy people in Chang'an are not as good as you if they run out of agencies.

The illness arose in Jingjiang Pavilion.

Lao Fubo was in the calligraphy and ink field, and Vimalakirti was ill in Bodhi Square.

There are no gulls or herons in the pond near the people, but sometimes a cow passes by.

I looked for Chen Wuji behind closed doors, and waved Qin Shaoyou to the guests.

I don’t know if I have enough food and clothing. The west wind blows tears in the ancient Tengzhou.

Wang Chongdao sent fifty daffodils as a gift

The fairy Lingbo gave birth to dusty socks, and walked lightly on the water under the moonlight.

Who caused this heartbroken soul to plant cold flowers to express sorrow?

The fragrant body is full of lust, and the mountain alum is the younger brother and the plum blossom is the elder brother.

Sitting opposite Zhencheng is annoyed by flowers, and when he goes out, he smiles like a river.

Ouyang Xiu (1007～1072) was a politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. One of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties. His courtesy name was Uncle Yong, his nickname was Drunkard, and his later nickname was Liuyi Jushi. A native of Yongfeng, Jizhou (now part of Jiangxi).

Ouyang Xiu lost his father when he was young and was raised by his widowed mother to study. In the eighth year of Renzong Tiansheng's reign (1030), he became a Jinshi. In the third year of Qingli (1043), Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi, Fu Bi and others implemented the "Qingli New Deal". Ouyang Xiu participated in the innovation and proposed reform of official administration, military, and tribute laws. In the fifth year of Qingli, Fan, Han, Fu, etc. were demoted one after another, and Ouyang Xiu was also demoted to the prefect of Chuzhou (now Chuzhou, Anhui). Later, Yangzhou, Yingzhou (now Fuyang, Anhui), and Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan) were also known. In August of the first year of Zhihe (1054), he was ordered to go to Beijing and study "New Book of Tang" with Song Qi. In February of the second year of Jiayou (1057), Ouyang Xiu presided over the Jinshi examination as a Hanlin bachelor, advocated a plain writing style, and admitted Su Shi, Su Che, Zeng Gong and others. This had a great influence on the change of literary style in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the fifth year of Jiayou's reign (1060), Ouyang Xiu became the deputy privy envoy. The following year, he was appointed as the governor of political affairs. Later, he successively held the posts of Minister of the Ministry of Punishment and Minister of the Ministry of War. In the second year of Shenzong's Xining reign (1069), Wang Anshi implemented the new law. Ouyang Xiu expressed his objection to the Green Crops Law, but it was not implemented. In June of the fourth year of Xining (1071), he resigned as the prince's young master and lived in Yingzhou. His posthumous title was Wenzhong.

Ouyang Xiu was the leader of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. His literary achievements are highest and most influential in prose. He inherited the spirit of Han Yu's ancient prose movement and put forward the idea that writing can clarify the Tao in prose theory. He adopted Han Yu's spirit of "writing according to order" and vigorously advocated a simple, methodical, smooth and natural writing style, and opposed the embellished, eccentric and obscure style. Not only was he able to put forward plain prose theories based on reality, but he also set an example with his highly accomplished creative achievements.

Dielianhua

Song Dynasty? Ouyang Xiu

The courtyard is a little deep, ②

Willows pile up with smoke, ③

The curtain has no number.

The jade carving saddle is at the smelting place, ④

The building is so high that Zhangtai Road is not visible. ⑤

It is raining and windy at the end of March.

The door is closed at dusk.

There is no way to stay in the spring.

Tearfully asking the flowers without saying a word,

The red flowers flew across the swing. ⑥

② How much: how much. ③Pile of smoke: describes the dense willows. ④Yule: A horse title made of jade. Carved Saddle: A finely carved saddle. Youyechu: refers to the singing house and brothel. ⑤ Zhangtai: the name of Chang'an Street in Han Dynasty. In ancient times, Zhangtai was a place where singing girls gathered. ⑥Blushing red: falling flowers.

Appreciation and advice:

This word describes the resentment of women in late spring. The most prominent feature is that the description of the environment is used to hint and highlight the characters' thoughts, and it expresses the twists and turns of living in a claustrophobic state. The aristocratic young woman's unspeakable inner pain. The "courtyard" is deep, the "curtains" are heavy, and the "willows pile up with smoke" describe the gloomy, secluded and isolated characteristics of the young woman's living environment, showing the heroine's physical and mental repression. and confinement. The overlapping of three words "deep" indicates that she is blocked, which is like the suffering of being imprisoned. It not only implies that the heroine is alone, but also has a feeling of deep thoughts and resentment that cannot be expressed. Therefore, Li Qingzhao praised it so much that he once dubbed it "the courtyard is deep" for several courtyards. Obviously, the heroine's material life is well-off. But her extreme mental anguish is self-evident. The following lines of "Yule Carved Saddle" demonstrate layer by layer the ruthless ravages of reality on one's heart: lovers are unlucky and never return from their travels; spring is about to pass, and years are like water. At the end of the chapter, "Tearfully asking about the flowers" actually means asking myself with tears in my eyes. The flower was silent and did not avoid the answer. "The flowers flew across the swing" clearly revealed the fate she faced more clearly than words could. In the glistening tears, flowers are like people, and people are like flowers. In the end, the flowers and people are indistinguishable. It is also difficult to avoid the fate of being abandoned and reduced.

Picking mulberry seeds? Ouyang Xiu

The setting sun shines beautifully on the West Lake, and Huawu is beautiful. The waves are flat for ten hectares, and there are no boats crossing the wild shore. The floating clouds have dispersed in the southwest moon, and the veranda is cool. The fragrance of lotus root is clear, and the wind on the water surface wakes you up.

This poem describes the beautiful scenery of Yingzhou West Lake with ten hectares of flat waves and the fragrance of lotus roots, expressing the poet's interest in the mountains and rivers. The whole poem is lyrical and scene-like, with a clear and solemn style and a light and peaceful artistic conception, giving people a high level of artistic enjoyment. "The sunset is late" is when the sky is getting late but not too late, and the sun has set but has not yet set. "The sunset is infinitely beautiful." Countless poets throughout the ages have sung about this fleeting golden moment. Ouyang Xiu did not directly write about the beauty of the scenery, but said that the "xia" has been "broken", which shows that there is no longer as brilliant a color as "molten gold" and "hebi". But at this time, the author felt that West Lake was "good". The good thing is "Huawu Pingting". What you see under the setting sun are flowers planted in flower ponds and apple grass growing by the water or on small islands. There is no word for emotion, but emotion is embedded in the scenery. "Ten hectares of water are flat" is exactly what Ouyang Xiu wrote in another poem "Picking Mulberry", "the windless surface is smooth with glass". The waves are as flat as a mirror, and this "mirror surface" is boundless. "There is no boat crossing the wild shore," this sentence comes from Wei Yingwu's poem "Chuzhou West Stream" "There is no boat crossing the wild shore," The author changed "cross" to "shore", indicating that the "boat crossing" was because the lake tour activity of the day was over. Therefore, the "boat" "crossing" with "no one" set off the "wild shore" at this moment. "The quiet silence.

In this poem, Ou Gong used Xiao Aohu and mountains to try to forget the ups and downs of his official career, expressing his interest in regarding wealth as floating clouds. The words used in the poem are plain but very expressive.

Huanxisha

A new song with a glass of wine, the weather remains the same as last year.

When will the sun set? Helplessly, the flowers fall away,

The familiar swallow returns. The fragrant path in the small garden wanders alone.

Appreciation: Although this word contains the meaning of regretting the spring, it is actually an expression of emotion. The upper part of the poem combines the present and the past, overlays time and space, and focuses on thinking about the past; the lower part cleverly uses the scenery in front of you to focus on the sentimentality of today. The language of the whole word is round and fluent, popular and clear, clear and natural, with profound meaning, enlightening and thought-provoking. The deep thoughts about the universe and life in the words give people philosophical enlightenment and beautiful artistic enjoyment.

Start with the sentence "A new song with a glass of wine, the weather last year is the same pavilion." Write about the current situation of drinking and listening to songs. From the intricate sentence patterns and the brisk and fluent tone, we can feel that when the poet faced the current situation, he initially had relaxed and joyful feelings and a free and easy attitude. But while listening and drinking, this situation unexpectedly triggered the recollection of a similar state experienced "last year": it was the same late spring weather as this year, and we faced the same pavilions and pavilions as before us. Clear songs and fine wine. However, under the appearance that everything seems to be the same, it is clearly felt that something has undergone irreversible changes. This is the long passing years and a series of personnel events related to it. So the poet couldn't help but sigh from the bottom of his heart: "When will the sunset return to the west?" The sunset is in the foreground. But what the poet triggered by this was his lingering on beautiful scenery and love affairs, his regret at the passage of time, and his faint hope for the recurrence of beautiful things.

"There is no choice but the flowers fall away, and the swallows return as if they have known each other before." The line of work is clever and complete, fluent and implicit. This is also the reason why this poem is famous. But what is more interesting is the intention contained in this couplet. The withering of flowers, the passing of spring, and the passage of time are all irresistible natural laws. Although it is useless to linger on regrets, so I say "there is nothing you can do". This sentence is connected with "the sunset"; however, in this late spring atmosphere, I feel What is suffered is not just the helpless decline and disappearance, but also the gratifying reappearance. Isn’t the swallow returning gracefully like an old acquaintance who nested here last year? This sentence should be "when will you return". Although flowers falling and swallows returning are also in the foreground, once they are associated with "helplessness" and "déjà vu", their connotations become very broad and carry the symbolic meaning of beautiful things. In the intertwining of regret and relief, there is a certain philosophy of life: all the beautiful things that are bound to disappear cannot be prevented from disappearing, but while they disappear, there are still beautiful things reappearing, and life will not become nothingness because of its disappearance. . It's just that this kind of reappearance is not the same as the intact reappearance of beautiful things. It is just "deja vu".

The fundamental reason why this word is so popular and widely recited is that there is thought in the emotion. The words seem to be unintentionally describing commonplace phenomena, but they have philosophical implications, inspiring people to think about the universe and life issues from a higher level. The poem involves the profound and broad idea that time is eternal but life is limited, but it is very implicit.

Butterfly Loves Flowers

The chrysanthemums on the threshold are worried about the mist orchid and weeping dew, the curtain is light and cold, and the swallows fly away.

The bright moon does not know the pain of separation and hatred, and the slanting light penetrates Zhuhu at dawn.

Last night the west wind withered the green trees. I climbed up to the tall building alone and saw the Tianya Road.

If you want to send a colorful note and ruler, you will know where the mountains and rivers are!

Appreciation: This is Yan Shu’s famous poem about his boudoir.

The upper part of the poem uses the technique of empathizing with the scene, selecting the scenery in front of him, injecting the protagonist's emotions, and highlighting the hatred of separation; the second part of the poem follows the hatred of separation, and vividly expresses the protagonist's eagerness to see through the high building. In "Human Words", Wang Guowei compared the three sentences of this poem "Last Night West Wind" together with the words and sentences of Ouyang Xiu and Xin Qiji to the three realms of scholarship, which shows that this poem is famous. The whole word is profound and euphemistic, yet implicit, and broad and far-reaching.

Start a sentence with a description of the scenery in the garden at dawn in autumn. The chrysanthemums are covered with a layer of light smoke and mist, and they look like they are crying; the orchids are stained with dew, and they look like they are crying silently. Orchids and chrysanthemums originally contain a certain metaphorical color (symbolizing the quietness of character). Here they are personified with "sad smoke" and "weeping dew", which transfer subjective feelings to objective scenery and reveal the heroine's own sadness. The words "sorrow" and "cry" have obvious traces of characterization, which are different from the round and polished language style of Dayan's poems. However, they have their own role in expressing moods, exaggerating the atmosphere and shaping the image of the protagonist through external objects.

The second sentence is "The curtains are lightly cold, and the swallows fly away." It is written that in the early morning of the New Autumn, there is a ray of coldness between the curtains, and the swallows fly away through the curtains. There is not necessarily a connection between these two phenomena, but in the eyes of the protagonist, who is full of sorrow and is particularly sensitive to festivals, the swallow seems to fly away because it cannot bear the coldness of the curtain. Here, instead of writing about the feeling of swallows, it is better to write about the feelings of the people behind the curtain. Not only do we feel the coldness of early autumn physically, but we also feel the feeling of loneliness and desolation mentally.

Chill. Yan's double flight further highlights human loneliness. These two sentences purely describe objective objects, and their expressions are very subtle and subtle. The next two sentences "The bright moon does not know the pain of separation and hatred, and the slanting light penetrates the Zhuhu at dawn." Looking back from this morning to last night, the "partition and hatred" is highlighted, and the emotion has also changed from subtle to strong. The bright moon is an ignorant natural thing. It does not understand the pain of separation and hatred, and it only shines on Zhuhu. It is natural. In this case, it seems that we should not resent it, but we do. This seemingly unreasonable complaint effectively expresses the heroine's feelings about the sleepless night and external things caused by the heroine's torment of separation and hatred.

"Last night the west wind withered the green trees, and I climbed up to the tall building alone, looking across the road to the end of the world." The film continues with "At Dawn" and then goes back to write about climbing high and looking far ahead this morning. "Only" corresponds to "Li Hate" and reflects "Flying Together", while "Looking to the End of the World" is born from a sleepless night, with a delicate pulse. "The west wind withers the green trees" is not only what you can see when you climb up the stairs, but also contains the memory of lying up all night listening to the west wind falling leaves. The green trees all withered due to a night of westerly wind, which shows that the strong force of the west wind kills people. The word "withered" conveys the strong feeling given to the protagonist by this significant change in nature. The scenery is desolate and the people are lonely. When almost finished, the author unexpectedly shows off

Talking on the sand

The paths are red and sparse, and the suburbs are full of green. The trees on the high platform are somber in color.

The spring breeze does not release the ban on poplar flowers, and flutters at the faces of passers-by.

The orioles are hidden in the green leaves, and the swallows are separated by the bead curtain. The incense in the furnace slowly turns on the gossamer.

When I woke up from a sad dream, the setting sun shone deep in the courtyard.

Appreciation: This poem describes the scenery of late spring. The first part describes the suburban scene, the second part describes the inner scene of the courtyard, and finally ends with "The setting sun shines deep in the courtyard", showing a touch of sadness.

The first three sentences describe a typical spring evening picture in a fragrant suburb: on both sides of the path, the flowers have become sparse, and only a few scattered red petals can be seen occasionally; at a glance, only green has already been seen. There are mountains and plains all over; near the high platform, there are lush trees and shade, and it is a deep place. "Sparsely red", "overwhelmingly green" and "overcast trees" signify that spring has passed and the atmosphere of late spring is strong. Although the three sentences are written about the quiet scene in front of you, the words "rare", "pass" and "jian" show the process and dynamics of the development of things. Judging from the order of "path", "fangjiao" and "high platform", there is also a sense of changing shape with each step.

"The spring breeze does not let go of the poplar flowers, and they flutter in the faces of passers-by." The poplar flowers blowing against the face are also a typical scene in late spring. But when the poet described this scene, he injected his own subjective feelings and wrote that the spring breeze did not know how to restrain the poplar flowers, causing them to fly all over the sky and hit the faces of passers-by. On the one hand, this implies that there is no way to stay in the spring, so we have to let the poplar flowers dance to send the spring back; on the other hand, it highlights the unrestrained and active vitality of the poplar flowers. Although the scenery of late spring is described here, it has no decadent mood and is full of life and interest. "Misty" and "thumping" are very dynamic. The word "walker" reminds me that what is written above is what the poet saw when he was traveling in the countryside.

The two sentences "The orioles are hidden in the green leaves, and the swallows are separated by the pearl curtain" are divided into outdoor and indoor. One connects the upper part and the other lowers the transition naturally. The first sentence says that the green leaves have grown very dense, hiding the figure of the oriole, which corresponds to the "shady color of the trees" in the previous sentence; the second sentence says that the swallows are separated by the red curtain and are not allowed to enter the room, which leads to the indoor scene below. description. The words "hidden" and "separated" vividly describe the shady scenery of early summer trees and the tranquility of the eternal day.

"The incense in the incense burner quietly rotates around the gossamer" is written in such a quiet room. The cigarette in the incense burner curls up, entangled and entwined with the floating gossamer, and gradually merges together. It is difficult to distinguish which one is the cigarette. , which one is the hairspring? The words "Zhu" and "Zhuan" seem to describe movement, but in fact they reflect the silence of the entire room. "Zhu" is preceded by the word "quiet", and the realm suddenly emerges.

Final photo "When I wake up from a sad dream, the setting sun shines deep in the courtyard.

"I skipped a stroke and wrote about the time when I woke up from a drunken dream at sunset. It turned out that the poet had a drink at noon and fell asleep after drinking. When he woke up, it was already sunset, and the setting sun was shining on this deep red gate courtyard. The word "sorrowful dream" is mentioned here, indicating that the dream is related to spring sorrow. After waking up from the dream, the setting sun still shines in the deep courtyard, which means that it is difficult to have fun in the early summer. The ancients commented that this word describes the beautiful scenery, focusing on its spirit rather than its appearance.

Characteristics of Yan Shu's poetry

He is an elegant and thoughtful poet. Because he is in a high position and is a prime minister, he often expresses some elegant themes, so his poetry is not vulgar. Language is more about expressing a certain feeling of life with concise and concise brushstrokes. He has a classical tradition of using less to make more, such as his famous scene description sentence, "Last night the west wind harmonized the green trees." " and "Going up to a tall building alone and looking at the end of the world."

Yan Shu's lyrics are often imagery-based, and he often quotes Tang poems. For example, "Love is only like a willow in spring, occupying the pitiful time." "Such a sentence is difficult to write about sentimentality, sadness, and abstract feelings, so he used a spring willow, so he had a great influence on later generations. When everyone reads Qin Guan's words, the boundless silk rain is as gentle as the tide. When writing about this sorrow, he used silk rain to express it, so in general this is a way of expressing the intention of Tang poetry.

Yan Shu's life experience determines the elegant sentiments contained in his poems. , the thinness of the technique also limits the poet's vision. The subject matter of Yan Shu's poems is relatively narrow, and he will never have the stormy waves of Dongpo's poems. He writes more about celebrations, wishes for extension, What are the works about birthday banquets, such social works, and even if he writes about scenery, I found that he often repeats that what he writes most about is swallows. The swallows left in the clouds ruthlessly, and the swallows in Liang Shang returned intentionally, and the luo muqinghan, The swallows flew away together, and the flowers fell helplessly. The swallows came back, and came back again. Many swallows. The last two sentences are poems in themselves, so the poems are indistinguishable. From this point of view, can we also read This is due to Yan Shu's characteristic of using poetry as his lyrics. At the same time, Yan Shu's lyrics like to write about flowers, grass, plum blossoms, drizzle, endings, melancholy, thin grass worrying about smoke, faint flowers shy of dew, etc.

The relationship between Yan Shu’s wealthy and prominent life experience and his poetry style

Due to Yan Shu’s outstanding talent, he successfully obtained a high official and a generous salary, but I can often feel him in his poetry. In fact, Yan Shu is a keen poet, so although his life experience is advanced, the sadness of "impermanence" revealed in his poems is as real as that of other inferior poets. It is also profound. In his sadness, you can feel a kind of broad-minded embrace.

Yan Shu's work is not consistent with his style.

Shan Tingliu

I live in the Western Qin Dynasty, and my gambling skills are as good as the flowers and willows.

I occasionally learn the tone of Niannu, and sometimes I have countless heads of Shu brocade, and I live up to my hard work. >

I have been traveling to Xianjing Road for several years, and my heart is filled with the coldness of the wine.

If there is a close friend who appreciates it, I will sing "Yangchun" without hesitation. A song is a feast for tears, and the veil is covered again.

The style of Yan Shu's poems has always been calm and harmonious, but this poem is written with excitement and sadness. When Yan Shu encounters setbacks, he often shows another side of his strong character and is extremely excited. After this, you will feel that the emotion and excitement expressed in this poem are not only not exceptional, but also inevitable. This work with an exceptional style not only fails to shake Yan Shu's foundation as a rational poet, but also provides an additional layer of powerful proof.

Zeng Gong (1019-1083), courtesy name Zigu, was born in Nanfeng, Jianchang Army (now part of Jiangxi). Later he lived in Linchuan (now west of Fuzhou, Jiangxi). Claiming to be "a Confucian from a family background",

The poem "Hu Shi" says:

Many millet scales from the south are sent to the north, and there are many soldiers in the north to prepare for Hu. As soon as Hu Shi came under the beam, his head was stuffed and his bows were bowed. The combination of generals and prime ministers makes it difficult to combine great strategies. He also came to the village to search for his poor bones, fighting for food and clothing, but all was lost to the north. In the Central Plains, both looks are pale, and Hu Qi is fat and demonic. The emperor has all the empires in Kyushu and the four seas, so why not use the northern corner of Hu Fan?

Such words have never appeared in Zeng Gong’s political essays. "All the food and clothes are lost to the north", "Hu Qi is getting fatter and demonic", this is a vivid summary of the Northern Song Dynasty court's policy of robbing people and stealing food. Depriving the people of food and clothing and fattening the invading army horses. This is a very sad thing, and Zeng Gong, who followed Confucianism, cannot but express it with emotion.

Zeng Gong also wrote a poem "Chasing Rent", in which there is a sentence: "The red sun is burning for thousands of miles", "The death of grain and millet is indeed true". "If you are hungry and begging for propriety, you must be flogged to death." "The official is rich in wealth," and "every time he wants to be punished, he seeks abuse." This means that there is a drought and the people are hungry, but the officials are not showing mercy. Zeng Gong quite wanted to plead for the people here. Finally, he said: "If you try to start Wangyi Village, the haze and wind will shake up the countryside." Zeng Gong was powerless in the face of the suffering of the people.

Zeng Gong held various local official positions throughout his life and worked hard without any complaints. Several times he submitted letters, all with the intention of serving his relatives. But in the poem, there is sometimes a hint of dissatisfaction.

Another example is the poem "Human Feelings":

Human feelings cover the hills in front of you, who can say that your heart will grow old! Tianlu Pavilion is not a real scholar, Yulinfu is a fake prince. Poems and books have been completed in isolation, and farming and fishing still recall old travels. Morning and evening, I will go to the river and sea, and I will laugh at the wind and moon on the boat.

In some of these poems, Zeng Gong revealed more real emotions.

Zeng Gong is not a poet, but his "whole person" is reflected in his poems.

Yong Willow

The chaotic strips have not yet turned yellow, leaning against the east wind and becoming wild.

The flying flowers cover the sun and the moon, and I don’t know that there is clear frost in the sky and the earth.

This poem describes the scenery of catkins and flying flowers very vividly. With the help of the east wind, the catkins dance wildly and cover the sky, as if the whole world belongs to it. Capture the characteristics of things. It personalizes it and makes people see an image of being arrogant when one succeeds.

①Reliance--to rely on, to rely on. Crazy - Crazy. These two sentences describe how quickly the willow trees turn green in spring: the willow branches don't seem to have turned yellow yet, but they quickly turn green when the east wind blows warmly. ②Jieba--to understand, to understand. Flying flowers - Catkins. ③The meaning of these two sentences is: Don’t just see the catkins flying, blocking the sky and the sun, but also know that there will be clear frost and willow leaves falling! Zeng Gong's "Ode to the Willow" is a philosophical poem that uses the willow tree to punish the villain who becomes arrogant when he succeeds.

"South of the City" Zeng Gong

After the rain, the water in Hengtang is full of embankments, and the mountains are high and the roads are chaotic. All the peach and plum blossoms are in bloom, leaving only green grass.

"Chengnan" writes: The spring rain is fast and the pond is full. Looking at the mountains in the distance, the heights are uneven. To the east and west, the mountain roads are rugged. The peach and plum blossoms have been blooming for a while. At this moment, they have already bloomed. After driving past, I saw the lush green grass in front of me. The poet uses the contrast between peach blossoms and plum blossoms that are easy to wither in the rain and the green color of grass for a long time to imply this philosophy: although peach blossoms and plum blossoms are beautiful, their vitality is weak; although the grass is simple and unpretentious, its vitality is very strong. Maybe this is the poetic meaning of the poem "South of the City"?

West Tower

The waves went away like clouds but came back, and the north wind blew several thunders.

The Zhu Tower is surrounded by sparse hooks and foils. I lie down and watch the raging rain coming from thousands of mountains.

This poem is titled "West Tower", but it actually just writes about a heavy rain seen from upstairs. The first two sentences describe the storm and thunder before the rain, indicating that a heavy rain is coming. The poet then hung up the curtains around him, lay down and watched the raging rain in the mountains.

Tao Yuanming, also known as Qian, with the courtesy name Yuanliang and the nickname Mr. Wuliu, was born in Chaisang, Xunyang (near today's Jiujiang, Jiangxi).

Tao Yuanming lived in a very complex political environment during the Jin, Song and Chang Dynasties. His great-grandfather Tao Kan once served as the Grand Sima of the Jin Dynasty; his grandfather served as a prefect, and his father probably had a lower official position and died when Tao Yuanming was young. In a society that attaches great importance to family status, the status of the Tao family cannot be compared with that of noble families such as Wang and Xie, but it is different from the humble families. Tao Kan came from a humble background and was ridiculed as a "little man" and regarded as someone with ambitions to usurp the throne. As you can imagine, his descendants were in a rather awkward political situation.

When he was young, his family declined. His father died when he was eight years old, and his mother died of illness when he was twelve years old. He lived with his mother and sister. Orphaned and widowed, most of them live in the home of their grandfather Meng Jia. Meng Jia is a contemporary celebrity. "He is not a stoic in his behavior, he is not boastful in his years, and he never looks unhappy. He likes to drink heavily, and does not mess up after too much. As for forgetting his pride, he acts as if there is no one else." ("The General of the Former Jin Dynasty in the West") "Shi Mengfu Jun Biography") Yuanming "managed to live in the world with great intentions, and many of his ancestors imitated him." (Daqin Liyu) In the future, his personality and cultivation were very much like those of his grandfather. His grandfather had a large collection of books at home, which provided him with the conditions to read ancient books and understand history. In the Jin Dynasty when scholars regarded "Zhuang" and "Lao" as their sects and deposed the "Six Classics", he not only studied "Laozi" like ordinary scholar-bureaucrats "Zhuangzi", and also studied the "Six Classics" of Confucianism and "exotic books" such as literature, history and mythology. Influenced by the ideological trends of the times and his family environment, he accepted two different ideas, Confucianism and Taoism, and cultivated two different aspirations: "a strong ambition to travel to the world" and "a natural love for mountains and hills".

The resignation of Peng Zeling was the dividing line between the two periods of Tao Yuanming's life. Previously, he had been constantly choosing between the two social roles of a bureaucrat and a hermit. When he was in seclusion, he wanted to be a official, and when he was an official, he wanted to be a hermit. He felt very conflicted. Since then, he has strengthened his determination to live in seclusion and has been living a life of seclusion and hard work, but his mood is still not calm: "The sun and the moon throw people away, and ambitions cannot be achieved. Thinking of this is sad and sad, and I can't be still at dawn." ("Miscellaneous Poems") 》Part 2) In his poems, he repeatedly described the joy of seclusion and expressed his determination to live in seclusion, such as "If you enjoy this drink, I can't go back" ("Drinking" 9);

" You have gained what you have gained by supporting yourself, and it will not be violated for thousands of years." ("Drinking" Part 4). Although this is his true feeling, it can also be seen as a way for him to strengthen his determination. In the later period, he was not without the opportunity to serve again, but he refused. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, he was recruited as Zuo Lang, but he failed. Liu Yu usurped the Jin Dynasty and established the Song Dynasty. He was even more tired of politics and expressed his thoughts on this matter implicitly in his poem "Shu Jiu". In his later years, he suffered from poverty and illness.

"The governor of Jiangzhou, Tan Daoji, went to wait for him, and he lay down barren and exhausted for a while. Daoji said: 'A wise man lives in the world. If there is no way in the world, he will hide, but if there is way, he will hide. In this civilized world, why should I suffer like this? "Qian said to him, "How dare you look for talents?" Daoji gave him some rice and meat and went away." (Xiao Tong's "Tao Yuanming Biography") Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty, Yuan Jia, wrote a "Self-Sacrifice Essay" four years before his death. The article concluded with: "Life is really difficult, how can death be like that? How sad!" This became his final work.

"Five Poems on Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields"

One of them:

There is no suitable vulgar rhyme, and one's nature is to love hills and mountains. I accidentally fell into the dust net and was gone for thirteen years.

The tame birds miss the old forest, and the fish in the pond miss their old abyss. Open up the wilderness in the south, and return to the garden with a humble heart.

The square house covers more than ten acres and has eight or nine thatched houses. The elms and willows shade the back eaves, and the peach and plum trees in front of the hall.

The distant village is warm and the smoke is lingering in the ruins. Dogs bark in the deep alleys, cocks crow in the mulberry trees.

The courtyard is clean of dust and clutter, and there is plenty of leisure in the empty room. After being in a cage for a long time, I can return to nature.

Second:

There are few people and things in the wild, and there are few martingales in the back streets. In the daytime, the leaves are covered with thorns, and the empty room is empty of dust.

At that time, in the middle of the ruins, people were walking around wearing grass. When we meet, there are no words, but the road is long.

The days of mulberry and maize have been long, and the days of my soil have been broad. They are often afraid of frost and sleet, and they are scattered like grass.

Third:

At the foot of the southern mountain where beans are planted, there are few bean seedlings in the grass. I wake up in the morning to sort out the wasteland and filth, and return with a hoe in the moonlight.

The road is narrow, the grass and trees are long, and the evening dew touches my clothes. It's not enough to regret the stain on your clothes, but your wishes are fulfilled.

Fourth:

Go to the mountains and marshes for a long time and enjoy the wilderness in the wild woods. Try taking your children and nephews with you and walking in the deserted ruins.

Walking among the hills and mountains, people still live there. There are remains of well stoves and decaying mulberry and bamboo trees.

I would like to ask the firewood collectors, what are these people like? The salaryman said to me: "There will be no survivors after death."

"One life, one dynasty, one city," is so true! Life seems to be an illusion, and it will eventually become nothing.

Fifth one:

Returning with regret and hatred alone, it is a rugged journey. The mountain stream is clear and shallow, and I can wash my feet when I encounter it.

I am drinking new wine, and the two chickens are close to the game. When the sun enters the room, it is dark, and the thorn bushes replace the bright candles.

The joy comes but the evening is short, and it has returned to the sky.

Yang Wanli (1127-1206), courtesy name Tingxiu and Chengzhai, was from Jishui (now part of Jiangxi). His family was poor when he was young. He was a Jinshi in the 24th year of Shaoxing (1154) and served successively as Dr. Taichang, Dr. Baomo Pavilion held the title of bachelor and so on. When Han Yuzhou was in power, he lived in seclusion for fifteen years due to political disagreements. Finally, he died of illness due to worry and anger. There is "Chengzhai Collection".

Yang Wanli's poetry creation generally experienced a process from imitation, transition to self-containment. Thirty-two years ago in Shaoxing, he studied the Jiangxi style, and this poem was later burned by him. From then on to the fourth year of Chunxi (1177), it was a period of change in his poetic style. During this period, on the one hand, he studied and discussed the profound tenets of Neo-Confucianism with Zhang Jun and Zhang Shi, and at the same time, he transferred his experience and understanding of Neo-Confucianism from daily life to literary creation.

In his poem "Inscribed on Deming Jian Yizhai of the Tang Dynasty", he said: "I have been obsessed with old papers all my life, but I later learned that this way will not have many children. I squandered books from the canal, and laughed against the maple and water of the river." This attitude of despising books and valuing daily life became an opportunity for his poetic style to change. Among the more than 700 poems in the "Jianghu Collection", some are based on Chen Shidao's five rhymes, Wang Anshi's seven unique poems and Tang Dynasty quatrains. At the same time, there are also some witty and light poems, such as:

The spring eye is silent and cherishes the details. The water flows, the shade of the trees shines on the water, the love is clear and soft. The little lotus has just revealed its sharp corners, and a dragonfly has already stood on it. ("Little Pond")

The plums are left with sour teeth, and the bananas are divided into green and window screens. The day is long and I fall asleep with no thoughts, watching children catching willow flowers. (One of the two quatrains in "Rising from a nap in early summer")

The formation of "Cheng Zhai Style" not only pays attention to obtaining novel and vivid materials from nature and daily life, but also requires a clear mind and spirit. Philosophical thinking; while the poet is passionately involved in nature and daily life, and blends with them, he must also jump out and calmly and rationally observe and understand the philosophy of life contained in them. Only in this way can the poems written not only have Nature and life are full of vitality, and full of rationality, like the following poems:

Mo Yan said that it would be easy to go down the mountain, and he would be loved by passers-by. Entering the circle of chaotic mountains, one mountain releases another mountain block. (Part 5 of "Six Poems on Passing through Songyuan Morning Chuiqigongtian")

The traces of spring can be found without trace, and the heart of spring cannot be seen with the eyes of poetry. The orioles are beside the willows and the gulls are beside the grass, which becomes greener and darker every day. (Part 1 of "Crossing the Second Crossing of Yang")

When I poured a glass or two of green wine, the ship door closed and opened again. No one can see the wrinkles in the beautiful mountains, they are all picked out by the setting sun. (Part 3 of "Three Poems on a Boat Crossing Xietan")

Yang Wanli's poems rarely reflect the broad social life, but although there are only a few such poems, some of them are relatively well written. For example, "Compassion for the Farmers" "has endured hunger to survive the remaining years of his life, and it is even more worthy of the extra years", which describes the hardships of farmers to survive; and "Four Quatrains on First Entering the Huaihe River" describes what he saw and thought when he was on a mission to the Jin Kingdom. , can also arouse readers' rich thoughts, such as the third poem:

The boats on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are going in different directions, and it is difficult to negotiate with the waves. Only the gulls and herons were left, flying freely from north to south.

Generally speaking, wit, liveliness and fun are naturally the outstanding strengths of Yang Wanli's poetry, but at the same time, his poems rarely express sharp and profound feelings about life (at this point, he is not as good as Huang Tingjian) ), so most of them use trivial materials and lack grandeur.

Walking up in early summer

The plums drip with acid and splash on the teeth, and the plantains are green and covered with window screens.

I sleep without thoughts for a long time, watching children catching willow flowers.

Read the biography of Yan Ziling

How can the guest star complement Han Zhongxing? There is a clear breeze in the sky as cold as ice.

Amao was sent to move the Han tripod early, but where is the Yan Mausoleum in the world!

Crossing Yangcun

There are many people on both sides of the stone bridge, just like villages separated by a river.

Zhongxin Hotel in the shade of Yangliu, small fishing boats under the grape trellis.

Red and white flowers line the water, and green and yellow wheat fills the sky.

Zheng'er Qinghe is still on the road, for whom do you work hard and don't return to the fields?