China Naming Network - Eight-character query< - Shanghai is located on the coast of the East China Sea, but why is it called a water-scarce city?

Shanghai is located on the coast of the East China Sea, but why is it called a water-scarce city?

In June 2011, a vibrant morning awakened the eyes of countless people in China and Shanghai; a fast-moving hot news, on the coast of the East China Sea and at the mouth of the Yangtze River, made countless media Tracking: After 15 years of demonstration and 5 years of construction, the Shanghai Qingcaosha Water Source Raw Water Project has achieved comprehensive water supply!

The Jiangxin Hekou Reservoir, which is as big as 10 West Lakes in Hangzhou, has not only made the Shanghai citizens’ long-awaited dream of drinking high-quality Yangtze River water a reality, but even in the face of the intrusion of the salty tide from the East China Sea, 438 million cubic meters The effective water storage capacity of 68 meters is enough to ensure normal water supply for 68 consecutive days, which has relieved Shanghai's once-frustrated "troubles" and rewritten the history of Shanghai's drinking water mainly relying on the Huangpu River water source, fundamentally changing the city's raw water supply. The supply pattern has improved Shanghai's strategic layout of drinking water sources of "simultaneously developing two rivers and complementing multiple sources".

This is a feat of the times. The strength lies in the vastness of the project, the thoughts of the party and the aspirations of the people.

This is a beautiful thing in the world, beauty lies in nature, beauty lies in the realm, and beauty lies in the hearts of each of us.

In order to let the people of Shanghai drink good water

Drinking water is the "first food" for people.

Shanghai is located on the coast of the East China Sea, the mouth of the Yangtze River, and the waters of Taihu Lake. It was once named "Shanghai" because of its abundant water resources. For a long time, water has been a special gift from nature to Shanghai, because Shanghai has her mother river, the Huangpu River. It stands to reason that Shanghai’s water area is not small, accounting for one-sixth of Shanghai’s total area. However, it is one of the six cities predicted by the United Nations to be short of drinking water in the 21st century. It is a typical water-quality water-scarce city. Shanghai does not lack water. What Shanghai lacks is good drinkable water.

For a long time, the worry of good water has followed us like a shadow. At the same time, Shanghai has never stopped its efforts to improve the quality of drinking water for citizens: since the last century, Shanghai's water sources have been relocated several times. The Suzhou River and the inner section of the Huangpu River are Shanghai's earliest water sources. First, the water quality of the Suzhou River deteriorated day by day, and Shanghai's water intake was forced to move to the vicinity of Jungong Road of the Huangpu River. In 1978, people had no choice but to discover that the fish and shrimp in the lower reaches of the Huangpu River Almost extinct, the water intake was forced to go upstream again; ten years later, in July 1987, the water intake had to be moved to the Linjiang section of the upper reaches of the Huangpu River again; and in July 1998, the second phase of the project was The water intake was moved upstream to the waters near Songpu Bridge on the upper reaches of the Huangpu River. The water source has been relocated repeatedly, but Shanghai has not escaped the shadow of "deterioration of water quality." The upper reaches of the Huangpu River are actually also the lower reaches of the Taihu Basin. Due to the impact of pollution, the open and flowing raw water taken from the upper reaches of the Huangpu River mostly belongs to Category 3 to Category 4 water, sometimes even Category 5. In order to ensure the quality of tap water , the water plant had to use heavy chlorine for disinfection and sterilization, and the dosage was even four times that of the past.

Where to find clean water? Find it in the mouth of the Yangtze River.

The quality of drinking water in Shanghai has become an urgent problem that needs to be solved in the development of Shanghai. We have to make such a historic thinking, we have to make such a historic choice——

In 1987, the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission initiated the "Yangtze River--Shanghai Urban Water Supply Second Source Planning Plan Research" project, which kicked off Shanghai's research, development and utilization of drinking water sources from the Yangtze Estuary.

In 1990, the Shanghai Water Conservancy Design Institute put forward the suggestion that "it is not feasible to promote siltation, but it is feasible to encircle water", sowing the first scientific seeds of water encirclement with green grass and sand. Therefore, the Qingcaosha water source area has attracted attention. The Qingcaosha Water Source is located in the northwest of Changxing Island. It is an alluvial sandbar at the mouth of the Yangtze River. The average annual runoff is about 933.5 billion cubic meters, which is 100 times that of the Huangpu River. More importantly, the water quality of the Qingcaosha Water Source is It is clear, reaching the second-level national standard and in line with the national water quality requirements for urban centralized drinking water sources.

In 1991, a group of experts from East China Normal University, Shanghai Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and other experts proposed the scientific idea of ​​"taking water from the center of the Yangtze River and turning Changxing Island into a water source island."

In 1994, Shanghai Raw Water Co., Ltd. successfully developed the first salinity observation station at the Yangtze Estuary, the Qingcaosha Salinity Station, which laid the research foundation for sand and salt sequence observation at the Yangtze Estuary.

In 1996, the Shanghai Municipal Construction Committee organized the "Pre-feasibility study of the Qingcaosha water source in the Yangtze River Estuary in Shanghai" and formed a series of Qingcaosha research reports.

In 2001, the Qingcaosha water source was included in the "Shanghai Urban Master Plan (1999-2020)" approved by the State Council.

In 2004, the Qingcaosha water source was included in the "Key Points Report on the Comprehensive Improvement and Development Plan of the Yangtze Estuary" of the Ministry of Water Resources.

In 2005, Shanghai Urban Investment Corporation organized 12 units including the Municipal Raw Water Co., Ltd. to complete a general report on the feasibility study results of the Qingcaosha raw water project and 16 special reports. After scientific demonstration, it has been proved that the Qingcaosha water source has comprehensive advantages such as abundant freshwater resources, excellent and stable water quality, and conducive to the stability of the rivers in the South and North Ports. It is fully in line with the overall layout of Shanghai's urban development and meets the "100-year" strategic requirements of Shanghai's water source. The Qingcaosha water source The land has become the first choice for Shanghai’s new water source. In December of the same year, the Shanghai Municipal Water Affairs Bureau hosted the "Shanghai Yangtze River Estuary Source Area Assessment and Review Meeting". 26 academicians and experts from 9 disciplines across the country formed an expert group to listen to the "Research Results of the Qingcaosha Water Source Area Raw Water Project" report. The 26 academicians and experts who attended the meeting unanimously believed that the construction of water source areas is a century-old project, which is related to the water supply security of the entire city and is of great significance. From a comprehensive analysis of safety, stability, reliability, operability and other aspects, it is recommended to start the Qingcaosha water source project construction as early as possible during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, and basically agree with the project plan initially drafted by the pre-feasibility study. The meeting formed the "Evaluation and Review Opinions on the Research Results of the Yangtze River Estuary Source Area in Shanghai" and submitted the "Request for Instructions on Accelerating the Planning and Construction of the Yangtze Estuary Source Area in Shanghai" to the municipal government.

As a result, January 20, 2006, became a landmark day in the history of Shanghai's water supply development: the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government made a scientific decision to "expand the development and utilization of Yangtze River water resources and build Qingcaosha water source "Land..." was officially written into the "Shanghai Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development" approved by the fourth session of the 12th Shanghai Municipal People's Congress.

In order to reflect the "hundred-year" strategy in the project

This is a kind of truth-seeking and pragmatism. The Municipal Government Executive Meeting on May 8, 2006 and the Municipal Standing Committee on May 15, 2006 respectively listened to the Municipal Development and Reform Commission's "Report on Promoting the Construction of the Yangtze Estuary Source Area".

This is a kind of far-sightedness. When planning the development and construction of the Qingcaosha water source, the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government specifically proposed: "The drinking water source must make full use of the Yangtze River water source and must have a 'hundred-year' strategy." Plan..."

Yes, the construction difficulty of the Qingcaosha Project is comparable to that of the Three Gorges. There are too many problems that need to be solved to turn the blueprint into reality. There is no precedent in the world for building a large reservoir in the middle of a river and its mouth. It is a great initiative full of fantastic ideas. To achieve such a great initiative, we need to work hard; to achieve such a great initiative, we need to work hard. If the 15 years of demonstration is difficult, then in the next five years of design and construction, the engineering problems that need to be studied are more realistic and the engineering difficulties that need to be overcome are more numerous, including whether to build the world's largest Jiangxin Hekou reservoir. Possible, including whether it is feasible to use shield tunneling method to promote large-diameter long-distance river bottom water pipelines, including the location of Asia's largest super-large water pumping station, and how to solve the problem of salty tide intrusion in the reservoir at the mouth of the river... …

All eyes are focused here, and all wishes are pinned here.

Under the leadership of the project headquarters with the deputy secretary-general of the municipal government as the general commander, with June 5, 2007 as the mark, a century project that will benefit people's livelihood began to be built, and a grand blueprint began to take shape. The Qingcaosha Water Source Area Raw Water Project consists of three main bodies and nine major engineering projects, namely the Qingcaosha Reservoir and water intake and transfer pump gate project, and the Yangtze River Raw Water Transfer Tunnel Project. , land water pipeline and booster pump station projects. After the completion of the project, the raw water from the Yangtze River will enter the Changxing Island Water Conveyance Tunnel through the water intake pump gate, reservoir, and water conveyance gate well. Then, it will flow automatically across the river through the Yangtze River Raw Water Crossing Pipe, and then be lifted from the Pudong Wuhaogou Pumping Station into each water transmission branch line. , and finally reached 14 water plants.

"Integrating intelligence into society", the Qingcaosha team has formed this kind of consciousness during project construction. Because everyone knows that in the huge project that will be fully rolled out next, we must rely on experts to check and break through the "bottlenecks" in the project. As a result, an expert committee led by academicians was established. The expert committee consists of 22 experts, involving many disciplines such as water conservancy, tunnels, basic engineering, automation control, water production, and environmental protection. In order to respect science, respect knowledge, and give full play to the guiding role of the expert committee, the engineering headquarters made a decision: all major decisions in the project must be reviewed by the expert committee.

If "Integrating intelligence into society" is likened to one leg of the Qingcaosha project, then "driven by innovation" is the other leg of the Qingcaosha project. After the establishment of the Expert Committee, a Technology and Management Innovation Committee was established. This industry-university-research science and technology innovation team, with Qingcaosha Company as the main body and the winning design unit, the winning construction unit, the winning consulting unit, relevant colleges and universities and research institutes as the backbone, has formulated the "Scientific Research Management Measures" and "Technology Management and Innovation Work Implementation Rules", and at the same time formulated the "Qingcaosha Water Source Raw Water Project Science and Technology Innovation Plan" that is consistent with the actual project, and compiled a science and technology innovation implementation plan, clarifying the Qingcaosha Water Source Raw Water Project's scientific and technological innovation tasks , goals and progress plans, building a platform to promote independent innovation and project construction. In the following time, Qingcaosha Company successfully applied for 3 scientific research projects of the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission and 1 scientific research project of the Municipal Construction Committee; it has cooperated with scientific research institutions to conduct experimental research on the longest consecutive unfavorable days for water withdrawal in Qingcaosha Reservoir, and reservoir engineering More than 30 scientific research projects, including research on the impact of river regime, experimental research on reservoir engineering anti-scouring and beach protection models, and experimental research on reservoir pump type selection, have applied corresponding scientific research results to effectively guide the construction of water source projects. Among them, the " The "Quality Inspection and Assessment Standards for Row Sewing and Laying of Qingcaosha Reservoir and Water Intake and Transfer Pump Gate Projects" also fills a gap in the engineering specifications.

To build a century-old water source project, there is no retreat. The only way is to gather wisdom, put in hard work, and find a path of scientific and technological innovation in practice. Despite the difficulties encountered and efforts made, it is It is unimaginable for ordinary people, but the Qingcaosha team has uniquely created several world-famous engineering projects: the 800-meter main tunnel has pioneered the best in Hekou Reservoir closure technology, and the 7.2-kilometer water conveyance tunnel has pioneered the medium-diameter shield tunnel. The one-time excavation technology is the best, the high-lift large-scale pumping station is the best in land and electricity saving, the reservoir scientific demonstration base is the best in lake and reservoir eutrophication pre-control technology... Especially the construction of the reservoir in the mouth of the river is Shanghai's first An initiative, an initiative of China, and a unique and great initiative in the world so far!

In order to realize the vision of "making life better"

Raw water is precious and nourishes the city silently.

Qingcaosha, Shanghai’s century-old strategic water source, has finally turned from a “fantasy” into a reality. After the Qingcaosha water source project officially entered the debugging and water supply stage on November 1, 2010, after a month of equipment debugging and pipeline flushing, the newly built Pudong Jinhai Water Plant took the lead in formally connecting to the grid on December 1, 2010. User water supply.

After the Jinhai Water Plant was opened, Qingcaosha Reservoir supplied water to Yangshupu, Nanshi, Jiajiaqiao, Lujiazui, Linjiang, Lingqiao and Changqiao Water Plant three times, and to Changning, Xuhui, Luwan, Jing'an, Huangpu, Hongkou, Shanghai, More than 10 million citizens in all seven administrative regions including Yangpu, as well as parts of five administrative regions including Pudong, Putuo, Zhabei, Minhang, and Qingpu, have all used high-quality Yangtze River water from the Qingcaosha Reservoir.

“The good water of the Yangtze River will be retained before flowing into the East China Sea to benefit the city of Shanghai and its people.” Shanghai finally allowed tens of millions of Shanghai citizens to drink the water from the center of the Yangtze River, and fundamentally Shanghai's severe shortage of qualified water sources has been reversed, with raw water from the Yangtze River accounting for 50% of the city's raw water supply.

In order to realize the vision of “making life better”, Shanghai has not stopped.

According to predictions, by 2020, the city’s total raw water demand will reach 14.28 million cubic meters per day, and Shanghai has built four major water sources: Qingcaosha of the Yangtze River, the upper reaches of the Huangpu River, Chenhang of the Yangtze River, and Dongfeng Xisha of Chongming land. Among them, the Qingcaosha water source supplies the central city, Pudong New Area, Changxing and Hengsha islands; the Chenhang water source supplies Jiading and Baoshan; the Dongfeng Xisha water source supplies Chongming Island; and the upper reaches of the Huangpu River supplies Qingpu, Songjiang, Jinshan and Fengxian. and Minhang, by then, the raw water from the Yangtze River will account for about 70% of the city's raw water supply.

Good water flows around us and in our hearts. Shanghai is lucky! The people of Shanghai are lucky