What is the main content of The coldest place in the world?
At present, the population of Hustniyala has exceeded 1 10,000, and most of them are miners. Their biggest problem is burying the dead. They must make a fire all night the night before and dig the ground as soon as the fire goes out the next day. Bodies buried in Yakutsk will not rot for a long time, just like the bodies of ancient mammoths. Their main course is frozen fresh fish from the indigenous Kahe River. Fish will freeze as soon as they leave water and touch cold air. Consumers don't need to cook, just cut the fish into long slices with a knife and dip it in seasoning. The fuel here is precious and the fish is eaten raw. Because the temperature is too low, bacteria can't reproduce, so you can eat it safely.
The policy of the Russian authorities is to try their best to make Siberian residents live and work in peace and contentment and make their lives attractive to immigrants. So they have all kinds of TV programs broadcast by satellite (not necessarily in other parts of Russia), wireless telephones for transmitting information are readily available, and fresh agricultural products are continuously transported by air, making life here not much worse than that in Moscow. Because Yeltsin knows that the future development of Siberia mainly depends on local residents. Of course, enjoying these benefits is not without cost. In addition, due to the influence of cold climate, many people suffer from colds, angina pectoris, influenza and mucositis. No matter how strong the immigrants are, they need to have a physiological and psychological adaptation process here.
After taking office, Yeltsin repeatedly appealed to the United States, Japan and some western European countries to jointly develop Siberia. In fact, this is a cliche. As early as Stalin's time, they tried their best to develop Siberia, but they stopped because of the Great Patriotic War. Khrushchev and Brezhnev also tried to develop Siberia, but they were all on paper. What is the reason? Bottom line: Siberia is too cold.
Yakutia is the largest administrative region in Russia, with a vast territory, and most of the land north of the Sea of Okhotsk at the northeastern end of Russia is within its territory. In Yakutia, the annual temperature difference is as high as 100 degrees Celsius, and the daytime temperature is above zero degrees Celsius in less than three months.
Outside, the steel of the machine is as fragile as ice and easily broken. Truck tires often crack when passing through potholes and grooves. People here wear leather boots or felt boots, and the soles of artificial leather will crack when exposed outdoors 10 to 15 minutes. In such cold weather, there are no other animals except wild wolves, so that people often catch little wolves as pets. Only in Yakutia can modern people have a chance to taste the meat of ancient mammoths. 1937+065438+ 10 The first batch of complete mammoth corpses were found in this area. The meat quality and freshness are almost the same, but it has been stored in the ice gap for at least 20 thousand years. The lowest temperature on the earth for which data can be found is -88.3 degrees Celsius recorded by the former Soviet Union at the Antarctic Soviet Science Station1August 24th, 960. But this is an uninhabited area. The coldest place to live on earth all year round is a small village in the northeast of Yakutia, with about 600 residents. Villager Ao Miaokang is located in a valley 700 meters above sea level. The temperature 1959 1 celsius recorded by the weather station in this village in June.
The extreme cold in Siberia is caused by the anticyclone in Siberia. Siberian anticyclone is a huge high-pressure system, which forms at 10 every year and does not dissipate until April of the following year. Anti-cyclone will make the weather dry and cold, and there is no wind force that can drive away the lower clouds, thus forming a very cold climate for a long time. Due to the influence of the Pacific warm cyclone, there is no such phenomenon in North America.
Since the Russian Empire, successive governments have encouraged people to emigrate to Siberia, because Siberia's rich natural resources are so important, but it is not an easy task to explore these resources. The following is an American reporter's description of the place: "I left Moscow on June+10/October 65438+May, and the weather was unusually mild that day. My Tu- 154 high-wing plane stopped in Irkutsk and arrived in Yakutsk at nearly 2 am. The temperature was MINUS 38 degrees Celsius. Photographer Jakovleff met me at the airport. He prepared a green Volga taxi, which bumped and screeched when crossing the crack in the road. Its "joints" are so stiff that they can hardly move unless they are coated with warm grease. The windshield is double-layered, with clay balls around it for children to play with. Sticked by hand, uneven. The double windshield gives the driver an unobstructed view, but other glass windows are covered with frost. When the driver wants to know the situation behind the car, he has to open the door and stick his head out to visit. As for the way to keep the house warm, the doors and windows I saw in Moscow were double-decked, while the doors and windows in Yakutsk were three or even four. "
The main problem of this land is permafrost. The summer here is very short and dry, and the temperature varies greatly, from MINUS 60 degrees Celsius in winter to 40 degrees Celsius in summer. If the spring is cold, the harvest will not be good, and if the autumn comes early, everyone should try to save agricultural products. The "permafrost" covering most parts of Siberia has caused many difficulties. Building houses and farming on them are not only troublesome, but also potentially dangerous. Its surface layer 1 to 2 meters "melting layer" melts in summer and cracks in winter, so the buildings built by traditional methods are not reliable. In Siberia, half-buried wooden houses are everywhere. Russians call it "swimming in the thawing layer". All the apartment buildings in Yakutsk are overhead, and these overhead buildings go deep into the ice and reach the permanent lower floor. The bottom of the house is about 1 m from the ground to avoid the thawing layer caused by the overflow of heating in winter.
It is not easy to supply tap water there. All the water pipes in Yakutsk are placed on the ground for a simple reason: if they are placed on the thawing layer, they will break sooner or later due to the freezing, expansion and melting of the layer. Water pipes installed on the ground are easy to reach and maintain, but they are also exposed to cold air. Therefore, when the water in the depth of the Lena River (the river surface is frozen, and the ice thickness is 4 to 6 meters) flows in the water pipe, it must be heated regularly to prevent freezing. As early as 1939, the former Soviet Union had established a frozen soil research institute in Yakutsk to study the "environmental danger" brought by frozen soil. The college is completely isolated from the outside world and has a series of blocked portals. Below the building is the main research place for scientists. It is a cylindrical deep well, which goes straight to the core of permafrost, so that we can observe permafrost and conduct various experiments. Under the irradiation of tungsten lamp, countless frozen crystals trapped in alluvial sand shine. The air here is very clean. No matter what the weather is like above, the temperature in the depth of the well is permanently maintained at -3 1.5 degrees Celsius.