Why do you live in a cave?
After it rains in hilly areas, water will flow away quickly and will not penetrate, so it will not affect the underground soil layer. Choose a place with good soil, and the cave is strong enough. If there had been no earthquake, it should not have collapsed.
Now the cave has also made progress. Some are made of bricks and cement, while others are made of bricks on the roof, making the caves stronger, safer and more beautiful.
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Cave dwelling is a unique living form in the Loess Plateau. There used to be a saying that there was no one in the village. So why is this kind of house in this place?
One is that the soil is good, it is easy to dig caves and generally does not collapse. There is also a cave that has been passed down to our ancient times, and it is also a continuation of that ancient culture. Third, before liberation, especially from feudal society to liberation, the peasants were poor and couldn't afford to build houses, so they dug holes and caves without spending money. I think there are three main reasons why it produces this residential style.
Locals say that the benefits of cave dwellings are not only low cost, but also warm in winter and cool in summer because they are underground.
Now the cave has also made progress. Some are made of bricks and cement, while others are made of bricks on the roof, making the caves stronger, safer and more beautiful.
There are three main forms of cave dwellings: one is called Kaoshanyuan in our local dialect, which is dug by a mountain and a cliff head. There are many such forms.
The most distinctive local folk caves are open-air caves. Generally, a square pit is dug on the flat ground, several caves are dug around the pit field, and an inclined hole is dug in the corner of the pit field to reach the ground as a doorway. In the pit, a deep seepage well will be dug to collect rainwater. Jing Kai Kiln is a physical witness to study the evolution history of human primitive "caves", and it is also a great landscape to understand the rural folk customs in the Loess Plateau.
Question 2: Why do people on the Loess Plateau like to live in caves? The temperature of the cave does not change in winter and summer. Because of its good thermal insulation performance, it is warm in winter and cool in summer. The cave was dug on the hillside, so its roof and walls are quite thick. When people dig caves, they choose places with hard soil. This thick and hard wall doesn't transfer heat easily. Therefore, the top and wall of the cave can neither directly absorb heat from the atmosphere nor directly dissipate heat to the atmosphere, only the hole is in direct contact with the outside world. Therefore, the temperature change in the cave always lags behind the external temperature change, and the temperature difference changes little.
Tuyaodong in northern Shaanxi
Long, long ago, the wind brought the loess from the far north to the northwest plateau of China, day after day, year after year, thus forming the vast and thick yellow land of northern Shaanxi. Since there are people in this land, there are caves. These caves are places where the descendants of the Chinese people thrive and create splendid cultures.
Yan 'an, located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and in the gully region of the Loess Plateau, is still the most important life form for people, whether in towns or villages. I have known caves since I was a child, but I didn't really know them until I went to Yan 'an recently and stayed in the most primitive earth cave for a few days.
Most human rooms are built according to local conditions, especially in the Loess Plateau. The bank of the earth cliff on the Loess Plateau is the natural terrain for digging caves. The earth cave is warm in winter and cool in summer, which is very suitable for living. As early as the Neolithic Age, clan tribes in the middle reaches of the Yellow River built simple caves and shallow caves with wooden frames and grass mud on the earth caves, and gradually formed settlements.
There are many kinds of caves in northern Shaanxi, including back mountain earth kiln, crevice earth kiln and flat stone kiln. In general, there are mostly brick kilns in cities, and most of them are earthen kilns or stone earthen kilns in rural areas. The most typical cave in northern Shaanxi is the backer kiln. They cut horizontal holes in the natural earth wall, often several holes are connected together, or several floors up and down. Some add brick coupons or stone coupons in the cave to prevent landslides, or build brick walls outside the cave to protect the cliff surface. Large-scale houses are built outside the cliff to form a courtyard, which becomes a cliff kiln.
When I came to Luozishan Township, Yanchang County, I met a family building a new cave. At first glance, a row of four-hole earth holes has basically taken shape. The cave is backed by loess and faces the highway, and two earth caves have been excavated on it. The soil dug out of the cave just covers the earth kiln below and becomes a flat roof. Several young people took part in building the kiln. They told me that the winter slack season is the best time to build caves, which is hard to meet at ordinary times. I'm glad to meet such a good opportunity to start a dialogue with the boys. They say there is great pressure to build new caves. The first thing is to find someone to see Feng Shui and choose the terrain. It is very important to choose the soil for digging caves. It must be clay. The cave should face the sun, the back of the mountain and the open area.
The newly-built caves are still in the traditional form. From the outside, the four holes should be separated. When you walk in, you will find that they have tunnel-like doors to communicate with each other and become a whole, connecting all members of the family. The cave is about 4 meters wide, 5 meters deep and 3 meters high, and the loess surfaces on both walls are very flat and smooth. The dome is semicircular. This makes the already spacious cave look very high and has a lot of space. From the inner wall of a cave kiln in the middle, there is a tunnel-like door leading to a completely dark cave with a warehouse for storing food and other items.
The kang and stove in this newly-built cave have been repaired, and some square concave holes have been dug in the wall to put things. The boys built brick windowsills and doors outside the cave. They said that when the last brick was placed in the middle of the arched door of the cave, it was all finished. After the completion, a grand celebration ceremony will be held. The host will stick red paper-cuts inside and outside the kiln, put couplets at the door and set off firecrackers. Relatives and friends in the village will come to congratulate them, and the host will invite them to drink and eat meat, which will be a lively event.
In front of several caves, I saw several women making zongzi. There were pots and stoves outside the door. I asked them if they were all cooking outdoors. One of the women in her thirties told me that most caves have two stoves, and only hot people can cook outdoors. She invited me into the house, and I walked into the cave with the dust and sweat of my journey, feeling cool. This cave is more than 20 square meters in size, and there is a big kang against the wall in the depth of the cave. This > & gt
Question 3: According to the natural environment of the Loess Plateau, why do local people like to live in caves? Because the cave wall is deep, it has good thermal insulation performance, exposure in summer and freezing in winter, and it has good sound insulation effect and less interference. These characteristics are suitable for the loess area where fuel resources are scarce. The building has long service life and low cost, and the floor can bear higher load than the floor of the above-ground building. There is no need to consider the invasion of wind, hail, rain, snow or other natural factors. The cost of heating or cooling is half to two-thirds lower than that of ordinary houses. Whether it is arson or not, the fire is less likely to spread to neighboring houses; Strong seismic performance, but also to resist the harm of radioactive substances to the human body. The "architectural forest" formed by the above-ground buildings destroys the natural appearance, while the underground buildings can maintain the natural beauty.
Question 4: Why do most people in the Loess Plateau live in caves? The biggest feature of cave architecture is that it is warm in winter and cool in summer. Although the traditional cave space looks like a circular arch, it is very common, but in the case of monotonous loess as the background, the arc is more light and lively. This natural form not only embodies the traditional concept of circular place, but more importantly, the high arch and high window at the entrance can further penetrate the cave in winter, so that the sunlight can be fully utilized.
Because it is arched, it increases the vertical space inside, which makes people feel scared, open and comfortable. My tutor, Mr. Liu Jiaping, once commented on cave architecture: the cave is warm in winter and cool in summer, comfortable and energy-saving, while the traditional space is full of harmony with nature, and the simple appearance is also unique in architectural aesthetics.
Question 5: Why do people in northern Shaanxi live in caves? These caves are warm in winter and cool in summer. Northern Shaanxi belongs to the plateau mountainous area. Cave dwellings can be built according to the mountain situation and gradually develop into the present caves!
Please adopt it if it helps!
Question 6: Why are caves in Shaanxi called "Shenxian Cave"? It is called Shenxian Cave because it is warm in winter and cool in summer.
An important reason why caves are warm in winter and cool in summer is that they have a thick roof. On the top of the cave in northern Shaanxi, pedestrians can ride horses and even take trucks. Even the brick kiln should be covered with a thick layer of soil, so that the cave can be insulated, just like air conditioning. "
In addition, the top and wall of the cave can neither directly absorb heat from the atmosphere nor directly dissipate heat to the atmosphere, only the hole can directly contact with the outside world. Therefore, the temperature change in the cave always lags behind the external temperature change, and the temperature difference changes little.
On the northern Shaanxi plateau, a farmer worked hard all his life, and his basic wish was to build several caves. In their view, how caves are built is related to the rise and fall of future generations. Cave dwelling is different from earth, brick and stone, and there are also differences such as hanging brick surface and stone interface. How much it costs can be seen from the family economic background. In the past, before a man married a woman, a woman went to a man's house to "see the place", that is, to see how many caves and what materials the other person had, and the other person's home was clear at a glance.
It's easy to repair and dig holes in the soil. In front of a hillside, cut a cliff, cut a hole, install doors and windows, and it becomes a hole-by-hole kiln.
Usually, the life of an earth hole can last for two generations, and then people can't live any more because the loess layer is gradually peeling off. You may wonder, is it dangerous to live in a cave, and will it collapse?
On the Loess Plateau, thousands of gullies have been formed due to thousands of years of rain erosion. Clay and minerals make the soil here very hard. The loess, which is as deep as one or two hundred meters and extremely difficult to seep, can be excavated at will without collapsing, which provides a good architectural premise for caves.
Most of the kiln roofs of earth caves are tied with wicker to prevent the soil from collapsing. However, in the case of flood or landslide, the danger of collapse is always devastating. Therefore, when building caves, it is very important to choose the location of caves.
Question 7: I think there are three main reasons why people in the Loess Plateau live in caves: 1 topography and soil quality. There are many mountainous areas in the Loess Plateau, so it is time-saving and labor-saving to dig caves. Loess is upright.
Good sex, suitable for digging holes
2 climatic reasons. The loess plateau is relatively dry, the climate is dry, and the cave life time is long.
Small investment, suitable for human habitation. Although it takes a long time to dig a cave, the cost is much lower than that.
Building a building is warm in winter and cool in summer.
Of course, with the development of society, many people moved out of caves and lived in spacious and bright tile houses.
Question 8: Why does Qingshuihe live in a cave? Because it is convenient to build caves. There are mountains everywhere, so we can't build bungalows or buildings. Building caves is the most convenient.
Question 9: Why do some places live in caves and don't build houses? If you can afford a villa, who wants to live in a commercial house ... If you can afford a commercial house, who wants to live in a cave ... Well, it's all money.