Which cities in China are the most polluted?
Zibo: Environmental Pain of Industrial Town
"National environmental protection model city assessment indicators, Zibo can reach a few? What is the most difficult indicator to achieve? " The reporter asked Zhang Jianguo, secretary of the Zibo Municipal Party Committee.
There is no cover-up, and there is no high-sounding irrelevant answer. Zhang Jianguo's answer is very frank. "Among the 25 indicators, most of the indicators related to environmental quality and construction basically fail to reach Zibo."
Why do you want to create an environmental protection model city when you know that the gap is so big?
"Zibo people are greatly stimulated. Zibo is a famous ceramic city. Many people come to invest in building ceramic factories, but they all go to Weihai and Qingdao to buy houses. Some people say that there are more telephone poles than trees in Dongying (it is difficult to plant trees because of the saline-alkali soil geology in Dongying-reporter's note), while there are more chimneys than telephone poles in Zibo. I have visited Houston in the United States, which is a big polluter in the United States, but people's environment still looks very good, not as bad as ours ... "Zhang Jianguo said:" Therefore, we are determined to improve the environmental quality and construction of Zibo, which is a good opportunity to create an environmental protection model city. Although we still have a considerable gap from meeting the standards, these gaps can't stop us from working hard, but they have given Zibo a great impetus. "
How to deal with the environmental pain of industrial towns
Xie Zhenhua, director of the State Environmental Protection Administration, mentioned in his speech on the Sixth Five-Year Environment Day this year that since 1997, the activity of "building a model city for environmental protection" has received positive response throughout the country, and 45 cities and districts in three municipalities have been awarded the title of "national model city or urban district for environmental protection", and more than 100 cities (districts) are being actively established.
Zibo is 1 in 100. Basically, it can be judged that Zibo is definitely one of the 100 people with poor congenital conditions.
Zibo is an important industrial city. The development of modern industry has a history of one hundred years, with rich petrochemical, ceramic, textile, medicine, electromechanical and other industries, as well as a number of large and medium-sized enterprises such as Qilu Petrochemical, shandong aluminum industry and Zibo Mining. Zibo's industrial fixed assets account for 1/4 of Shandong Province, and its industrial output value ranks second in Shandong Province for a long time.
The industrial system based on resources and heavy industry has also planted seeds of high energy consumption and heavy pollution. Zibo once circulated such a ballad: "The big chimney emits black smoke, but the stars can't be seen at night, and half a brick is sucked up a year"; People around the cement plant described the scene like this: "Walking squinting, eating with a bowl, pushing a mill and holding an umbrella." Before 200 1, Zibo's air quality was less than 100 days, and its annual emissions of sulfur dioxide, soot and waste gas from chemical processes all ranked first in Shandong, and it was once listed as one of the top ten polluted cities in China.
Make up your mind to move the cement production line
The hotel where the reporter stayed in Zibo is located in Zhangdian District, Zibo, just to the east of the hotel. According to local people, it was the residence of cement production line a few years ago, and people here are afraid of the wind. As soon as they blow, dust powder will cover their whole bodies, making it difficult to breathe.
In 200 1 year, Zibo's industrial dust emission reached 44,800 tons, mainly because Zibo is the largest cement city in Shandong Province, with more than 60 cement plants and 65,438+000 cement production lines. In 2002, the city's cement output reached 6.5438+0096 million tons, accounting for 654.38+02.5% of the province's cement output, ranking first in the province, while the output of Sibaoshan in the suburb of Zhangdian District reached 4 million tons, accounting for 36% of the city's cement output. It is the first producing area and the first polluted area in Zibo. It is estimated that the output of cement dust in Sibaoshan area reached 1.89 tons in 2002, accounting for 54% of the dust emission in Zhangdian area, which seriously affected the health of local people.
In 2002, Zibo made up its mind to relocate and transform 42 production lines of 15 enterprise in six years. Later, after investigation, the renovation plan was advanced by three and a half years. For this matter, the main leaders of the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government participated in 9 on-site meetings and dispatching meetings, and the coordination meeting 12 attended by the Planning Commission, finance, environmental protection and relevant districts and counties. They also introduced preferential policies such as subsidies, incentives and interest discounts for relocation and transformation. So far, they have cashed in 74.92 million yuan of various funds to enterprises.
According to Zou Guangping, director of Zibo Environmental Protection Bureau, not only did the 42 production lines of 15 complete the relocation and transformation three and a half years ahead of schedule, but also attracted two production lines that were not originally planned to take the initiative to request transformation. The enthusiasm for transformation is so high, precisely because Zibo took this opportunity to carry out the technical transformation of the production line while relocating the cement plant, and completed the annual production capacity construction of the new dry rotary kiln with 8 million tons.
After the transformation and relocation of the cement production line, Zibo can reduce the dust emission by more than 4,000 tons per year, increase the cement output value by 500 million yuan per year, and increase the ecological greening area by more than 65,438+100000 mu.
It's easier said than done. Zhang Jianguo, secretary of the municipal party committee, is the leader of this matter and has experienced many things that make him "scratch his head". "Around the cement production line, how many people are blasting stones and transporting stones nearby? Everyone has to live on this production line. Some people are desperate to keep the cement production line. You can imagine the resistance at that time, but we survived. We have properly placed nearly 10,000 employees and spent a lot of money. "
The reporter walked in the street of Zhangdian, and now he can't smell the cement factory. The effort behind this is worthwhile.
Adjust and cure, break through structural pollution
It is difficult for Zibo to engage in environmental protection and rely on industrial structure. Zhang Jianguo, secretary of the municipal party committee, knows this well. "Industrial structure determines income structure, and income structure determines financial structure. If the industrial structure of building materials, metallurgy and chemical industry in Zibo is not adjusted, how to protect the environment in Zibo? " This is the question he has been thinking about.
Qilu Petrochemical and Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Factory are both located in Zibo. The two companies have also spawned a number of related industries. In 2004, Xinhua Pharmaceutical Factory completed an output value of over 5 billion yuan, and Qilu Petrochemical's output value reached 34.3 billion yuan. Driven by these two companies, in 2004, the chemical and pharmaceutical industries in the city completed an output value of 68.3 billion yuan, accounting for 3.8 1% of the city, bringing another high proportion, 35% of Zibo.
In 2002, Zibo changed from an "industrial city" to an "environmental city", and the special rectification began immediately. In August 2003, some projects of seven enterprises, including Xinhua Pharmaceutical and Dongda Chemical, in the Eastern Chemical Industry Zone were managed within a time limit; In June, 2004, some production projects of enterprises in the chemical industry zone were limited and stopped again. Xinhua Pharmaceutical Group relocated its caffeine project to eradicate octanol odor and invested more than 40 million yuan to build a new sewage treatment plant. Dongda Group stopped the cationic resin project, alleviating the fishy smell ... At present, the scope and intensity of the "chemical smell" stimulation in the chemical industry zone have been significantly reduced, and the complaint rate of the masses has also dropped significantly.
Zibo is a famous hometown of ceramics, with a history of over 8000 years, 1400 years. A large number of ceramic kilns have been built in Zibo, and various kilns such as steamed bread kilns and inverted flame kilns are spread all over southern Zibo. According to statistics, there are more than 5,200 furnaces in Zibo, the density of which is rare in China. A large number of kilns have brought serious environmental pollution to Zibo.
Therefore, in recent years, Zibo has carried out large-scale kiln management. According to Zou Guangping, Zibo has invested nearly 500 million yuan to transform coal-fired industrial furnaces 1356, and 47 enterprises have switched to burning natural gas, shutting down and banning coal-fired industrial furnaces 1080, reducing the annual smoke and dust emission by 46,000 tons. At the same time, the qualified rate of ceramic products has been improved after this transformation.
Zhang Jianguo added, "I went to a gorgeous ceramic factory three times. The people reported it, so I went to say it. As a result, I passed by there a few days later and saw black smoke coming from the big chimney. I ran again and went there three times like this, and finally solved the problem. It's really difficult! "
Knowing the difficulty of creative mode, I still know the difficulty.
Zibo was the ancient capital of Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The ancestors of Qi paid attention to protecting the environment very early and put forward the idea that "heaven is the father and the earth is the mother, so everything opens", which means that we should take nature as our parents and respect the laws of nature when robbing resources.
Therefore, despite the great environmental pressure in Zibo, Zibo people are still unwilling to accept the inferior environment of high economic growth. At the end of 2004, the Zibo Municipal Government put forward the concept of "building an environmental protection model city" based on the concept of "establishing the city by environment" in 2002.
Zibo has formulated a strict planning for the establishment mode, which is divided into 9 major items 103, with an estimated investment of 3.6 billion yuan. It is a special environmental protection plan with the highest attention, the largest investment, the largest engineering quantity and the strictest standards in Zibo for more than 20 years.
And Zibo added a deadline to his "creative mode"-five years.
References:
Economic Daily on June 23, 2005