What is flat feet?
Question 2: What are flat feet? Flat feet mean flat soles, but not all flat feet are diseases. In fact, children aged two to three are flat feet, and then the arch of the foot slowly develops. Well-developed arches are also high and low. Even if the soles of adults are relatively flat, they are not sick. Only the arch of the foot is flat, accompanied by foot bone deformity and walking pain, is the disease. There are congenital and acquired reasons for flat feet. Congenital cause 1. The abnormal bones of the foot are mainly due to the oversized scaphoid and the oversized scaphoid tubercle, which leads to the weakness of the attachment of the posterior tibial muscle. 2. The first metatarsal is short, and as a result, the other metatarsals bear too much gravity, resulting in a flat arch. 3. Cartilage or fiber of foot bone. Acquired reasons 1, standing with heavy feet for a long time, gaining weight, fatigue after a long journey, etc. , can lead to the soft tissues such as muscles, ligaments, joint capsules and aponeurosis that maintain the arch of the foot gradually weaken, and finally the arch of the foot gradually becomes lower and flatter. 2. Patients who have been ill in bed for a long time, due to lack of exercise, cause muscle atrophy and weakened tension, and once they are loaded, their arches will sink. 3. Inappropriate shoes, such as high heels, will move the center of gravity forward for a long time, and the corresponding calcaneus will tilt back and forth, causing damage to the longitudinal arch of the foot and forming flat feet. 4, foot bone diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, bone and joint tuberculosis. It can also lead to foot bone deformation and flat arch. 5, polio sequelae lead to flat feet. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis Flat feet can be divided into variant flat feet and rigid flat feet according to the different changes of plantar soft tissue. Variant flatfoot is common, which shows that the soft tissue of the sole is still elastic, and the arch is flat only when standing, walking and other load-bearing States, but it can return to normal when sitting, lying and so on do not need load. Rigid flatfoot means that the arch of the foot disappears because the bones of the foot grow together, which is not easy to correct. The early symptom of flatfoot is pain in the anteromedial ankle joint, especially when standing and walking for a long time, and the pain is relieved after rest. There will be swelling at the painful joints, which will affect walking in severe cases. Flat feet have obvious appearance, which can be diagnosed by symptoms such as low arch, walking pain and pain relief after rest. When printing footprints on white paper, it is found that the vacant part of the longitudinal arch of footprints disappears, the middle of metatarsal bone widens, and sometimes the heel widens, which can also help diagnosis. In addition, diagnosis can also be made when the arch of the foot disappears and the angle between the longitudinal axis of calcaneus and the longitudinal axis of talus becomes larger during X-ray examination. For the prevention and treatment of variant flatfoot, functional exercise, wearing orthopedic shoes or orthopedic insoles can be used for treatment. Children before the age of 8, even with flat feet, usually don't need treatment. If the friction of shoes is too great, you can use orthopedic insoles. Functional exercises include walking with toes and toe flexion. Orthopedic shoes or orthopedic insole refers to putting something on the inside of heel to make the load-bearing line move outward, thus preventing and relieving foot fatigue. The common method is to put a wedge pad of two to three millimeters on the inside of the heel to restore the arch of the foot. The medial half of the heel extends to the navicular bone of the foot and is three to six millimeters thicker than the lateral half. Insoles can be made of aluminum steel, plastic or artificial leather, and the requirements are the same as those in orthopedic shoes. If you can't do functional exercise and wear orthopedic shoes or orthopedic insoles, you can do orthopedic surgery, one of which is to place a small round tube in the calcaneus joint. For stiff flat feet, rehabilitation and orthopedic shoes are useless. The arch of the foot can be straightened under general anesthesia and then fixed with plaster. After the fibula muscle is relaxed, the bone integration is removed and the deformity is corrected. Three-joint fusion can be used to correct the failure or serious deformity.
Question 3: What's the difference between flat feet and flat feet? Flat foot refers to congenital or postural deformities such as low arch of foot, soft tissue relaxation of foot, calcaneus valgus and so on.
The cause of disease
First, the pathogenic factors of congenital flatfoot are:
1. The accessory scaphoid and scaphoid tubercle of the foot are too large, and the attachment of the posterior tibial muscle is weak.
2. The metatarsal 1 is short, and other metatarsals bear too much gravity, resulting in flat arch.
3. Cartilage or fibrous joints between tarsal bones of the foot.
Second, the acquired pathogenic factors are:
1, standing on both feet with heavy load for a long time, gaining weight, being overtired after a long journey, maintaining soft tissues such as arch muscles, ligaments, joint capsules, aponeurosis, and flattening the arch.
2, long-term illness in bed, lack of exercise, muscle atrophy, weakened tension, arch subsidence when loading.
3. Inappropriate shoes, high heels, the center of gravity moved forward for a long time, the calcaneus tilted forward and downward, and the longitudinal arch of the foot was damaged.
4, foot bone diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, bone and joint tuberculosis.
5. Flat feet after polio.
pathological change
According to the pathological changes of soft tissue, flatfoot can be divided into the following two types:
1. Flexible flat feet: that is, postural flat feet. More common, although the soft tissue is loose, it still maintains a certain elasticity, and the foot is flat when loading. Can immediately return to normal without bearing gravity, and the long-term treatment effect is satisfactory.
2. Stiff flatfoot: namely spastic flatfoot. Most of them are caused by bone healing (including cartilage and fibrous healing), and the manipulation is not easy to correct. Often accompanied by peroneal muscle spasm. The metatarsal surface between the tarsal joints protrudes, the arch of the foot disappears, the calcaneus is everted, the bilateral achilles tendons are splayed, moving outward from the bone, subluxation, talus protruding inward, and sometimes accompanied by spasm of the peroneal longus muscle and the third peroneal muscle. In severe cases, the talus is extremely drooping, the longitudinal axis is almost parallel to the longitudinal axis of tibia, and the scaphoid of foot is located on the talus. The front of the foot extends backward, and the skin outside the calf joint is slack, forming skin wrinkles on the outside of the foot.
Question 4: What do you mean by flat feet? Suggestion: Hello, flat feet are flat feet, which means no arch. Humans are the only vertebrates with arches. If you have flat feet, you have no arch in appearance. Flat feet can be caused by congenital or acquired factors, and can be treated by surgery, or orthopedic shoes, arch pad and so on. I wish you a speedy recovery.
Question 5: What do you mean by flat feet? The explanation of flat feet:
Refers to the reduction or collapse of the arch of the foot, and the foot center gradually flattens. It also refers to such a foot disease. Also known as flat feet.