Why do I have a lot of static electricity? What a shame!

Any substance is composed of atoms, and the basic structure of atoms is protons, neutrons and electrons. Scientists define protons as positively charged, neutrons as uncharged and electrons as negatively charged. Under normal circumstances, an atom has the same number of protons and electrons, and the positive and negative charges are balanced, so it is not charged.

However, due to external effects such as friction or in the form of kinetic energy, potential energy, thermal energy and chemical energy, the positive and negative charges of atoms will be unbalanced. Friction in daily life is essentially a process of constant contact and separation. In some cases, static electricity can be generated without friction, such as induced electrostatic electrification, thermoelectric and piezoelectric electrification, Helmholtz layer, jet electrification and so on.

Any two objects with different materials will generate static electricity after being separated, and the common method of generating static electricity is friction electrification. The better the insulation of the material, the easier it is to generate static electricity.

Because air is also composed of atoms, it can be said that static electricity may be generated at any time and place in people's lives. It is almost impossible to completely eliminate static electricity, but some measures can be taken to control static electricity so that it does not cause harm.

Static electricity is formed by the redistribution of charges caused by friction and the mutual attraction of charges. Generally speaking, the positive charge of the nucleus is equal to the negative charge of the electron, so it does not show electricity. ?

However, if the electrons are out of orbit by external force, the distribution of electrons is unbalanced. For example, triboelectrification is essentially a process that causes the imbalance of positive and negative charges. When two different objects touch and rub against each other, the electrons of one object are transferred to the other object, which is positively charged due to the lack of electrons, while the other object gets some residual electrons and is negatively charged, which is electrostatic.

Extended data

Life common sense

In daily life, people sometimes accumulate static electricity because of clothes, climate, friction and other reasons. And when they suddenly come into contact with metal, they will suffer the pain of electric shock, even when it happens frequently at a certain stage, it will cause certain psychological pressure. If you avoid contact with iron for a while, you may accumulate more charges and get a bigger electric shock sooner or later.

1. indoors, static electricity may be generated after the carpet rubs the sole, and the wind outside may make the body charged. Be careful to touch the iron gate when entering and leaving at this time, and your hands may get an electric shock. After repeatedly encountering such a situation, you can take the following measures to avoid electric shock:

When touching the iron gate, don't touch the iron gate directly with your hands. Instead, grab a bunch of keys in your pocket with your hand (usually it won't get an electric shock), and then touch the iron gate with the tip of the key, so that the electricity on your body will be discharged without getting an electric shock.

Principle: The pain of hand discharge is caused by high-voltage discharge. When discharging, the hand suddenly touches the iron gate very little, resulting in instantaneous high voltage. If you take the key out of your pocket, first press the key in a large area (a string of keys itself can't transfer much charge, so it won't get an electric shock at this time), and then use the key tip to touch the big conductor. At this time, the contact point of discharge is not a certain point on the skin of your hand, but the tip of the key, so your hand will not feel pain.

2. You often get an electric shock when you get off a taxi. It is mainly the static electricity accumulation caused by the friction between the body and the seat when getting off the bus. When closing the door after getting off the bus, the hand suddenly touches the iron gate and will get an electric shock.

When this often happens, it is best to pay attention to: when you get off the bus, that is, when your body rubs against the seat, you can hold the metal door frame in advance, so that static electricity can be discharged from your body at any time when it is generated by friction, so as to avoid discharging when you suddenly hit the iron gate after getting off the bus.

Baidu encyclopedia-anti-static

Baidu encyclopedia-static electricity