Is there anyone in green in China?
According to historical records, Chuanqing people were called "natives" in the early stage and "Li Minzi" in the later stage. Therefore, they are called "natives" because they have lived in the soil for a long time and are indigenous peoples in Guizhou, which is called by the historical situation of their place of residence; So they are called "Li Minzi" because their ancestors are related to the early "Li Minzi" (also known as "Liao"), which is called by its historical origin; Therefore, it is called "wearing green", named after "clothes are still green" and named after its color characteristics. These appellations were first coined by him, and later "Qing Chuan" was accepted by Chuanqing people and became their own names. This name first appeared in the annals of Weining Prefecture in Qianlong, and later in Guangxu Annals of Pingxuan Prefecture, Dading County, Zhenning County and Pingba County in the Republic of China. Both the Chronicle of Pingyuan County and the Chronicle of Dading County mentioned the peasant uprising in the early years of Tongzhi, while the Chronicle of Zhenning County recorded "Qing Chuan" as the fourth ethnic group in the county. In addition, the woodcut song "Biography of Shuixi", which was circulated among the people after Wu Sangui's Pingshui Westward in the third year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, also recorded "Qing Chuan", juxtaposing him with Shuiwest eight ethnic groups, including Yi, Miao, Gelao, Long, Cai, Yi, Bai and China and Canada, collectively referred to as "nine barbarians". It can be seen that the name "wearing green" existed in the early Qing Dynasty at the latest.
There have been many opinions about the origin of Chuanqing people in academic circles: some people advocate the indigenous theory, and think that Chuanqing people, like historical servants, originated from the primitive ethnic groups in Guizhou. This view is represented by some experts in ethnic studies in Guizhou, and now some people with higher education in Chuanqing also hold this view. Some scholars, represented by Mr. Song Shuhua, a famous expert on ethnic identification, believe that Chuanqing people are a branch of the Han nationality and migrated to Guizhou with the army from Jiangxi and Jiangsu provinces when Zhu Yuanzhang sent Fu Youde and Mu Ying to conquer Yunnan in the Ming Dynasty. After the war, the army withdrew its troops on the spot, and this part of the Han people (including soldiers and their families) stayed in the local area and intermarried with local aborigines. Over time, they became today's Chuanqing people.
The ancestral home of Chuanqing people in my village and nearby villages is Jiangxi, which proves that this statement has certain credibility. As for who is right or wrong in these two statements, it will take time and the research of relevant scholars to prove it.
If Chuanqing people are indeed hybrids of Han and ethnic minorities, it is indeed a very interesting phenomenon, that is, the formation process of Chuanqing people is the process of Han ethnic minorities, which is in sharp contrast with the sinicization of ethnic minorities today. The fundamental reason is probably that at that time, the indigenous people were the local leaders, occupying an advantageous position in the means of production and the number of people. It is also natural that the Han nationality, with a small number and few means of production, is assimilated by them.
Chuanqing people's folk customs are distinctive, especially the wedding and funeral customs, which are introduced below.
First, marriage:
There are many rules in the marriage customs of Chuanqing people. From matchmaking to returning home after marriage, there are usually eighteen kinds of etiquette among the people. For example, relatives are matched by cousins, betrothed by chickens, courted by geese, beaten by relatives, married by straw sandals, exposed by water clothes and rain hats, driving away relatives, asking nurses for money to send hair oil, the bride standing flowers, carrying water to try the bride, and returning to the door by the well. In the village where the author lives, marriage is the most solemn thing in the village. It will take several years from the initial proposal to the date of marriage. When a wedding is held, it takes more than a month from preparation to marriage, which is a complicated process:
1, the "point gift" in picking up the bride is to count all the clothes, hats, shoes and socks sent by her husband's family when picking up the bride. The afternoon before the wedding day is chosen at the man's house, dozens of young men and women will be invited to carry sedan chairs, play suona, carry colorful flags, beat gongs and drums to greet the bride's in-laws. Before receiving the gift, the host and guests will hold a "three visits" ceremony in the room where the in-laws burn incense. In other words, to worship the bodhisattva's in-laws in heaven and earth three times, each time, you should say a compliment to your ancestors, parents, brothers and sisters at home. Entering the gate, he bowed. "In-laws, ZuGong, etc. Raise your hand and worship. " Goodbye, "In-laws, Gaotang, Gaotang, I raise my hand." . Sanbai said, "Tang Di, my in-laws, my uncle, don't wait to raise your hand to meet me."
After three worships, please accept the gift from your in-laws. The recipient entrusted by her in-laws will inevitably have a dispute with the recipient when she opens the gift and looks at it carefully. The reception guests take a concession attitude, admit that they are reconciled after marriage, and ask their in-laws to understand. When arguing endlessly, the respected elders in the in-laws said, "Forget it! It's all his family's, which is indisputable. " In this way, the ceremony is over.
2. "perfection". On the morning of the auspicious wedding, a group of people who went to pick up relatives carried the bride in a sedan chair to a place more than 0/0 meters away from the groom's house and put it on the ground. The perfection began immediately. The first step to perfection is to enter the car. The groom held a big cock and pointed it at the sedan chair where the bride was sitting. The Yin and Yang division commanded the yogi to slaughter the cock afterwards and ordered the five gods of chariots and horses to return to their original positions. Second, worship heaven and earth. The bride-to-be helped the bride into the groom's house and hinted that her feet were kneeling on the straw mat. At this time, the groom made four worships according to Mr. Yin Yang's "one worships eternity, two worships eternity, three worships prosperity and four worships children and grandchildren"; Then enter the bridal chamber.
After the worship of heaven and earth, the bride will still help her, follow the groom into the bridal chamber, and carry out activities under the leadership of Mr. Yin and Yang. After entering the bridal chamber, I began to do "ritual sprinkling". The teacher of Yin and Yang sprinkled clear water and read, "One sprinkles splendor, the other sprinkles longevity, the third sprinkles wealth of children and grandchildren, and the fourth sprinkles grain storage. ..... The account has been spilled, and everything is fine. Forever and ever, the couple is sitting on the bed. If someone else invites you out, you get promoted. When marriage combines, everything will flourish. " This is a happy ending. Weddings usually last three days. That is, the first day to respect relatives, the second day to serve wine, the third day to send guests home. Wealthy families with good families will stay for four days, that is, on the third day, and send guests home on the fourth day.
If you have a chance to go to the area where people in green clothes live, you will definitely see many girls with long nails on their left hands. This is an ancient custom: girls in green should put their nails on the hands of people they like and let their blood stay on their nails. If you cut your hand with a girl's fingernail in Chuanqing residential area, hehe, then I think I should congratulate you.
Second, the funeral.
There is also a set of special procedures for the funeral of people dressed in green: the old man dressed in green died, and there are seven customs, such as straw sandals to recommend him to die, bamboo sticks to pay homage, buying a corpse in a bath pot, placing a cock crow pillow, burying him in a fire, hiding a magpie in a well, and pulling teeth. Take buying a bath corpse as an example, that is, after the old man died, the dutiful son took incense, paper and metal coins to the well or the river to buy water. Then burn incense and cry paper, then throw metal coins into a well or river, and bring a bucket of water home from the well or river. First, put a bowl on the shrine, and then use it to clean the dead body. The dutiful son should also drink some body wash water. In the evening, the filial daughter and daughter-in-law sprinkled the deceased with wicker soaked in water on the shrine, crying and telling the deceased: "Drink the cold water of the deceased, not the ecstasy soup of the underworld."
These are not records that exist in ethnography, but the real life of people who wear youth now. In my hometown, such weddings and funerals are often staged.
Third, the characteristics of people wearing green clothes.
In the past, women who wore green clothes were different from the Han nationality in that they didn't bind their feet, preferring to wear thin-eared sandals or anti-cloud-hook nose shoes, blue suspenders on their feet, a three-piece suit, two sleeves rolled with lace sleeves, tied with belts, hooked earrings and combed three heads. The so-called three-piece suit and two-sleeve flowered clothes. That is, the clothes are blue-green cloth, and the upper section is blue to the waist. The lower leg is blue. The hem is edged with white cloth, and the skirt is edged with cloud hook lace. The sleeve main sleeve has two layers of movable sleeves, one layer is shorter than the other, the cuff is larger, and the outer cuff is larger, which looks like the shoulder pad armor of ancient warriors. Each layer of cuffs is embroidered with cloud hook lace, which looks like three sections connected together; Sleeves are movable and have two or three layers. Nail it when you wear it, turn it over and leave one or all over your shoulders, so it's called anti-shoulder or external shoulder.
The clothes of the girl in green are different from those of the woman in green: blue is not connected with blue, but all blue or blue, with white cloth edge, cloud hook lace with skirt, white cloth or cloud hook lace with cuffs and sleeves without sleeves. Because of the ethnic discrimination policy in the old society, the above-mentioned clothes were forced to be modified, so the clothes worn by people wearing green clothes after liberation are not much different from those of Han people in most areas.
This is what I know about the origin and cultural characteristics of my ethnic group-Chuanqing people. As an uncertain nation with hundreds of thousands of people living in remote areas, we have our own unique national cultural customs, and we have a national history that has been passed down for thousands of years. In the process of integration with other ethnic groups, we Chuanqing people have always adhered to our own culture and traditions and adhered to our spiritual home. We are proud to be Sichuan youths. This deep-rooted national complex will inevitably exist forever with the history of Chuanqing people. This complex is also the reason why Chuanqing people become Chuanqing people, and it is also the reason why we are based on the big family of the Chinese nation.