How did people evolve?

Since Darwin founded the theory of biological evolution, most people think that human beings are the product of biological evolution, and modern people and modern apes have the same ancestor. But when and where did this branch of human beings separate from the same ancestor? What is the sign of its separation? When and where did primitive people become real people ... paleoanthropologists have been trying to find the correct answers to this series of questions. Most paleoanthropologists believe that real people are marked by making tools. Before real people appeared, scientists called them "predecessors". Erection is a morphological sign that predecessors separated from the trunk of ape ancestors, and the area he separated from the trunk can be described as the earliest cradle of mankind. Real people constantly evolve and develop, eventually becoming modern people, and at the same time forming different modern races. The area that completed this evolution process is the last cradle of human evolution. When exploring the origin of human beings, we must first establish a premise that human beings are a biological species and can only have one ancestor, not multiple ancestors. It can't be said that black people have one ancestor and white people have another ancestor. Because although different species can intermarry, they can't have offspring, and only the same species can have children. If we advocate the multi-ancestor theory of human beings, we will make common sense mistakes in biology. It has been proved that human multi-ancestor or pluralism is contrary to scientific common sense. Where did humans separate from the trunk of apes? Is it in Africa and then into Asia, or in Asia? [Edit this paragraph] Exploring the road to the origin of mankind Africa is the cradle of mankind, which was first put forward by Darwin. He made bold speculation in the book "The Origin and Sexual Selection of Human Beings" published by 187 1. Haig, another evolutionist, advocated that human beings originated in South Asia in the book History of Nature Creation published in 1863, and also drew a picture showing the ways in which various races migrated from the center of South Asia today. In addition, there are Central Asia, North Asia and Europe. Because human fossils are constantly unearthed in the cradle of mankind, it swings on all continents. Europe, especially western Europe, was once considered as the birthplace of mankind. From 1823 to 1925, there are 1 16 individuals, including Heidelberg people in the ape-man stage. Neolithic human bones were found in more cases, with 236 cases. So, people open the map and see that Europe is full of ancient human sites. At that time, except for the Javanese ape-man, no ancient human sites were found anywhere in Asia and Africa. In addition, the earliest discovered ape fossils were also unearthed in Europe, that is, the forest ape fossils discovered in France in 1856. In addition, in the 1920s, "Birden" scam was raging (Birden was regarded as the earliest person by some scholars, and even called him "Shu Ren". Finally, it was revealed that the so-called "Schumann" was originally intended to make up a fake of a Neolithic human skull and a modern ape's mandible, so many people thought that the center of human origin was in Western Europe. However, with the discovery of more human fossils in Asia and Africa, the theory of Europe, the cradle of mankind, gradually withdrew from the stage. The discovery of "Beijingers" not only saved the Javanese Homo erectus, but also made the origin theory of Central Asia more popular. 1887, the Dutch anatomist Dubois, who was eager to find the remains of early human fossils, came to Java Island and found the fossils of primitive people. 1890, in a place called Trenier, mandibular fragments were first discovered, and a skull was discovered the following year, which is the famous "Javanese" No.1 skull. 1892, another femur was found not far away. After studying these materials, Dubois thinks that they belong to the same individual, which is the "missing link" between man and ape that people are looking for. The discovery of Homo erectus in Java made South Asia say it was an elevator. However, Dubois's discovery was opposed by many people, and the strongest opposition came from the church. The church insists that the ancestor of human beings should be Adam. How can it be an ape? 19 1 1 In his book Climate and Evolution, paleontologist Matthew listed various reasons to claim that the Central Asian Plateau is the cradle of mankind. The reasons are as follows: First, the natural environment in Central Asia has become unsuitable for survival because of the rise of the Himalayas, but for animal evolution, the response generated by stimulation is the most beneficial, so these external stimuli can promote the formation of human beings; Secondly, the migration law of mammals is often that the least progressive type is excluded from the dispersion center, while the most powerful type stays near the birthplace and continues to develop, so the most primitive humans can be found in areas far from home. Early human fossils discovered at that time, such as Heidelberg and Java Homo erectus, fit this hypothesis. 1927, the fossils of "Beijingers" were discovered in China, and then the tools made and used by "Beijingers" and the remains of using fire were discovered one after another. 1930, American paleontologist Lewis found a fragment of the maxilla in Mount Keshan, Seevali, on the India-Pakistan border. The specimen is close to human characteristics in morphology, so he borrowed the name of an Indian god "Rama" and named it "Rama Ape". However, this view was not recognized because he spoke softly at that time. In 1960s, when paleontologists Pierbim and Simmons made a comprehensive study of more than 50 species belonging to 26 genera of forest apes, they noticed the anthropomorphic characteristics of Rama ape, and thought that it might be the ancestor type of this branch of human beings, and transferred it from the family of Apes to the family of Anthropology, and the theory of human origin in South Asia rose again. However, with the emergence of a large number of early human fossils and cultural relics in Africa, the theory that human beings originated in Africa has resurfaced. When Darwin speculated that humans originated in Africa, there was little fossil evidence at that time. This situation changed in the 1920s. Near Kimberley, a diamond-rich town in South Africa, there is a place called Tarn. There are many quarries here, and mammalian fossils are often found in the process of quarrying. 1924, a young ape skull was found. After the research of anatomy professor Dart, he thought that its human form was between human and ape, so he named it "australopithecus africanus". 1936, an adult Australopithecus Australopithecus was found in Fontaine quarry in stech, Transvaal region. The following year, complete fragments of Australopithecus mandible and skull were found in Trey quarry in krom. Australopithecus has gradually attracted the recognition and attention of academic circles. But whether it is "the closest ape" or "the closest ape to man" is still controversial in academic circles. The key to solving the dispute is whether Australopithecus can make tools. Although stone tools have been found in caves and cracks where Australopithecus fossils were found, there are also advanced human fossils, so it is difficult to reach an agreement whether Australopithecus is the maker of tools. In addition, because the unearthed horizon of Australopithecus fossils is unclear, the exact age of Australopithecus remains unclear for the time being.