Handwritten newspapers on traditional culture, folk customs and folk customs with the theme of rural areas
There are many legends about the origin of the Spring Festival, among which the story of 10,000 years is the most popular. I chose this story for a deeper understanding. The outline of this story is: A long time ago, there was a small village under the beautiful Dingyang Mountain. On the hillside at the head of the village, there is a small stone house where a young man named Wannian lives. He was born in poverty and made a living by chopping wood and digging medicine. At that time, festivals were chaotic and farmers could not farm. Wan nian is a young man with calculation. He wants to set the festival accurately, but he doesn't know where to start.
One day, Wannian went up the mountain to cut firewood and sat down under a tree to rest. The movement of the shadow inspired him, so he made a sundial and measured the shadow to calculate the length of the day. However, cloudy, cloudy, foggy and rainy days affect the measurement. He wants to make another timer to make up for the sundial. That day, he went up the mountain to dig medicine and came to the spring to drink water. The spring on the cliff was ticking rhythmically, which caught his attention. He looked at the spring, thought for a while and then lost his mind. I went home, drew a picture, tried it, and made a five-story leaky pot. From then on, he measured the shadow of the sun, looked for loopholes and worked hard. Slowly, he found that every 360 days, the length of a day would be repeated from the beginning. The solstice in winter is the shortest day. At that time, the son of heaven was called Zu Ti, and the festival went wrong, so he was in a hurry. He called a hundred officials to discuss the difficulties of the festival. The name of the festival official is Aheng. If you don't know the laws of the sun and the moon, you can say that people are careless and have sinned against God. Only by kneeling devoutly can you get God's forgiveness. Zu Ti took a vegetarian bath, led hundreds of officials to the Temple of Heaven to offer sacrifices, and sent a message to the whole country to set up a platform for offering sacrifices to heaven. But the sacrifices come and go, with no effect, and the season is still very chaotic; People all over the country have to serve and donate money to build altars. It's really bile mixed with coptis chinensis, and the pain is even worse. After ten thousand years, I couldn't help it, so I took his sundial and clepsydra to visit the son of heaven. I met the son of heaven, talked about the winter solstice, talked about the cycle of the sun and the moon. Zu Ti was overjoyed at this. Even if he built a large-scale building, he built the Sun and Moon Pavilion, the sundial platform and the Leaky Pot Pavilion in front of the Temple of Heaven. Twelve boys were assigned to serve for 10,000 years, six boys kept the sundial and six boys kept leaky cauldron, carefully recorded and reported on time.
One day, Zuyi asked Ah Heng to go to Riyuege to inquire about calendar making. Wannian pointed to the calendar and said, "Sunrise and Sunset 360, start all over again. The vegetation is divided into four seasons and there are twelve laps a year. " Ah Heng was deeply sensible when he heard this, but his heart was uneasy. He thought to himself: If the festival is set at 10,000 years, and the son of heaven is happy, who will listen to me? Ah Heng thought and thought, bent on getting rid of Wan Nian. One day, A Heng found that he was a good shooter, so he sent someone to his house to hold a wine feast, explained the reason and promised him a heavy gift. The assassin promised to assassinate him that night. On the second drum of the day, the assassin left Aheng drunk and ran to Riyuege. But around the Temple of Heaven, Sun Moon's adult was guarded by guards, so the assassin couldn't get close, so he pulled out his bow and arrow and shot at Wannian who was watching the stars on the Sun Moon Pavilion. Who knows that the assassin drank too much, his eyes were dim, and the arrow only hit Wan Nian's arm. Ten thousand years fell to the ground with a sigh, and all the teenagers cried for the thief. Hearing the shouts, the guards went out together, caught the assassin and leaned forward to see the son of heaven. Zu Ti asked the truth, sent a command to put Ah Heng into prison, and made a meditation to visit the Sun Moon Pavilion for ten thousand years. Wan Nian was very moved and pointed to Shen Xing and said, "Shen Xing has caught up with silkworms and astrology has been restored. Giving children in the evening, the old year has passed, and it is spring again. Let's hope that the emperor will make a festival. " Zu Ti said, "Spring is the first year of a year, so let's call it Spring Festival. Ai Qing has been in the cabinet for three years, and she has the courage to make the lunar calendar based on the full moon. This is really a great achievement. Ai Qing was assassinated by a traitor today. Come with me to the palace to recuperate. " Wannian said: "Although the lunar calendar was originally created, it is still not accurate, and there are still a few hours at the end of the year. If you don't decorate the end of the year, the sun and the moon will fly, and it will be wrong to come and go. I failed to live up to the expectations of all beings, and I am deeply grateful to the emperor. I am willing to break my heart, be careful and make a calendar. "
In this way, in the Sun Moon Pavilion for 10,000 years, carefully observe the ups and downs of vegetation and wheat bran, carefully calculate and moisten the end of the year. In May of that year, Zu Ti went to the Temple of Heaven to offer sacrifices to the gods, and then boarded the Sun and Moon Pavilion to present the May Peach to the God of Ten Thousand Years. The lunar calendar is ten thousand years, and Zu Ti looks forward to ten thousand years of hard work day and night. His eyebrows are white and his beard is white. He was deeply moved, so he named the lunar calendar the perpetual calendar and the birthday star of the sun, the moon and the moon. Therefore, people later called the Spring Festival "Year". Every Spring Festival, Shou Xingtu is hung in the house, symbolizing the longevity of the new year and paying tribute to the great achievements of that year.
One of the folk customs-posting Spring Festival couplets. Sticking Spring Festival couplets is an indispensable part of a series of activities to celebrate the Spring Festival. As early as a few days before the Spring Festival, the streets were crowded with vendors selling Spring Festival couplets. The Spring Festival couplets placed on the stalls are even more dazzling, which makes people overwhelmed. Blessing words are written on each pair of Spring Festival couplets, but they are different and intriguing. Some Spring Festival couplets read: "The breeze blows the willows in the south of the Yangtze River, and the spring rain urges the flowers in the north of Saibei". Some Spring Festival couplets read: "Water, mountains and mountains are painted everywhere, and every household is rich every year". In just two sentences, I wrote the best wishes in people's hearts during the Spring Festival.
Grandpa said that Spring Festival couplets have a long history in China. Wang Anshi, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in "January Day": "The firecrackers are one year old, and the spring breeze sends warmth into Tu Su. Thousands of households always exchange new peaches for old ones. " The new peaches and old characters in this poem are the prototype of Spring Festival couplets. Spring Festival couplets are also a kind of couplets. As a unique literary form, it has developed for more than a thousand years since the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, but its heyday is still in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Legend has it that after the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty made Jinling his capital, before New Year's Eve, he sent a message to Jinling and other places: "Officials and scholars must add a pair of Spring Festival couplets to their doors." On New Year's Eve, he personally went out traveling incognito to show his true feelings. Once he found a family that didn't post Spring Festival couplets and asked the rear that it was a pig eunuch. He didn't know how to write the contents of his business into couplets. Zhu Yuanzhang thought for a moment and wrote a couplet for the eunuch: "Split the road of life and death with both hands; Cut off the roots with one knife. " It can be seen that Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor immediately, has made outstanding contributions to the promotion and development of Spring Festival couplets. In the prosperous period of Kanggan, the art of Spring Festival couplets is becoming more and more perfect. No matter from the content or form, there are certain levels. Kangxi is also a master of writing couplets. The title of his Zhenjiang Jinshan Qifeng Pavilion couplet is a good couplet: "Clouds sink in the morning and rain is coming." Nowadays, Spring Festival couplets have entered a brand-new era. As an ancient evergreen tree, Spring Festival couplets will surely show its attractive style in the new century.
Folklore II-Iron Gate God. Door gods are also the same as Spring Festival couplets, but with the development of culture, they are rare. Personally, I think its weakness should be due to the transformation of the gate by modern architecture. It is difficult for the portrait of the door god to find a place here, so it gradually dissipates. I looked for it in many ways and finally saw it. According to the painter's introduction, this is a portrait of Tea God and Lei Yu. They were very angry with Strafe in one hand and iron mace in the other. Through the information, I learned that in ancient times, there were two brothers, Nash Lei Yu, who lived in Dushuo Mountain. Pick wild fruit and peach trees to live. There is a peach tree on Dushuo Mountain, and its shade is like a cover. One day, the ghost king wanted to steal some peaches to eat here, so he asked the kid to pick them. As a result, he was beaten by two brothers. In a rage, the ghost king showed his true colors and broke into the homes of two brothers at night. The two brothers were calm, subdued the ghost king and threw him to the tiger, and all the ghosts obeyed. Every morning, they look back at the ghost under this peach tree. If an evil spirit harms the world, tie it up and feed it to the tiger. Later, people used two pieces of red wooden boards to draw pictures of God Tea and Lei Yu, and hung them on both sides of the door to ward off evil spirits.
The third folk custom-stick grilles. Chinese paper-cutting art is an ancient handicraft art and a beautiful folk art in China with a long history. It is rooted in the broad masses of the people and has always been loved by people. It has been circulating for nearly two thousand years. As a part of folk custom, paper-cutting art has survived and developed among the people with its tenacious vitality, and its vigorous vitality has been greatly demonstrated today. Whether ancient or modern, a pair of scissors and a small piece of paper can cut out paper-cut works with a strong flavor of life. Animals in the zodiac, such as puppies and lambs, are lifelike, just like the wonders of nature. On the festive day of the Spring Festival, we can see all kinds of paper-cut works on the windows of every household-window grilles.
Folk customs IV- new year pictures. Besides posting Spring Festival couplets and hanging door gods at the door, it is also a great event for the Spring Festival to enjoy New Year pictures in stick grilles by the window. These New Year pictures add a harmonious and quiet atmosphere to every household. In the old society, during the Spring Festival, from the gate to the hall, every household was covered with colorful New Year pictures, symbolizing good luck and wealth. The reason why the Spring Festival is full of joy and excitement has played a certain role. Generally speaking, people with rich families always like to hang birthday stars, purple stars, blessings, blessings and longevity characters in the hall. Flowers and birds such as plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum are naturally popular. At present, the more common ones on the market are Yuzilie Lotus (a fat doll is playing with a big goldfish on the lotus) and Phoenix Lion (there is a stone on the left of the picture, and two teenagers on the right are talking about the attached picture). For more than a year, they still describe the story lines in The Legend of the White Snake, Journey to the West and Water Margin.
The fifth folk custom-lucky money. In the final analysis, it is still necessary to return to one thing that children are most looking forward to during the Spring Festival, that is, giving lucky money. There is a very popular story about lucky money. In ancient times, there was a little demon named Chong. On New Year's Eve, he came out and touched the head of a sleeping child. The child often cried with fear, and then he had a headache and became a fool. Therefore, on this day, every family will turn on the lights and stay up late, which is called "keeping special".
There was a couple who had a son in their later years and regarded him as their favorite. On New Year's Eve, they were afraid that "worship" would harm their children, so they took out eight copper coins to play with them. When the child fell asleep playing, they wrapped eight copper coins in red paper and put them under the child's pillow. The couple dare not sleep. In the middle of the night, an evil wind blew the door open and blew out the lights. As soon as Chong reached out to touch the child's head, the pillow flashed all over the floor, scaring Chong away. The next day, the couple told everyone about wrapping eight copper coins in red paper to scare them away. After that, everyone learned, and the children were safe.
It turns out that these eight copper coins were exchanged by the Eight Immortals to secretly protect the children. Because "pilgrimage" and "old" are homophonic, it gradually evolved into "lucky money" In the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was called lucky money. What elders give their children is also called lucky money. "So some places call giving children lucky money' string money'. In modern times, it has evolved into a kind of red paper wrapped in 100 copper coins, which is given to the younger generation, meaning "long life". "For an adult mistress, put a silver dollar in a red paper bag, which means" one book is profitable ". After the currency is changed to paper money, the elders like to go to the bank to change their children into new paper money with face numbers, wishing them "promotion step by step". Although it is good to give lucky money, it follows the tradition and reflects the deep expectations of the elders for the next generation. Nowadays, parents are often lavish, spending 1200 yuan or even thousands, which will not only make their children spend money in improper places, but also make them develop the habit of wasting money lavishly. Therefore, when parents give their children lucky money, they should not give too much, but should guide their children to use the money in the right place.
The sixth folk custom-Chinese knot. Throughout the streets, Chinese knots can be seen everywhere. It is said that a Chinese knot is a whole knot woven by a monk with a rope in his spare time, and then he puts on precious Buddhist ornaments and weaves the word "Wang" on his buttons, which has been passed down to this day. At that time, in order to show his devotion to the Buddha, the monk made it up with thread, and also made up the word "Wang" in his ear to show his belief in "supreme". Later, it gradually flowed into the society, and the meaning of Chinese knot changed from faith to the symbol of China people's "single-minded" affection, friendship, love and their master's "supreme" status. From small to large, from coarse to fine, the red big Chinese knot reveals the profoundness of China culture.
Collect information:
First, the Spring Festival poems:
Gently click on the network, and a series of networks about Spring Festival poems suddenly come into view.
Seven laws of spring festival fashion
30 years of reunion dinner is a feast, fried in hot pot from south to north.
Children play games on New Year's Eve, while online adults stay up all night.
Mahjong sounds on the desktop, fireworks and butterflies fly on the curtains.
How fashionable is it to do nothing for seven days? Send the old and welcome the new.
This poem vividly depicts the Spring Festival in the hearts of modern people.
Five principles of New Year greetings
The golden monkey meets the red butterfly in spring.
At dawn the next day, I dressed up in front of the moon mirror.
I hope my hands are served and my mother smiles.
Children often cheer to celebrate the New Year.
Warm New Year's Eve with Seven Laws
The color line throws flowers and spits out the core frequency, and the boiled wine is full of people.
Pour a cup of laughter to celebrate the reunion and celebrate the New Year.
Sisters have the warmth of loving mothers, and brother-in-law Kang Tai is a treasure.
Peace is the most important thing, and spring comes through thick and thin.
These two poems enliven the happy atmosphere of family reunion during the Spring Festival.
Second, Spring Festival couplets:
Spring planting, everyone uses science and technology, spring blossoms, and Shenzhou Baihuiyan opens up and reforms Yang Chunqu
Every household has a good year in winter. The official and land are clean, the people are safe, and the three links of two systems are Bai Xuege.
Prosperity is as good as law. Bai Cui Cangsong Zhao Fushou Guoxing features Sanjiang warmth.
Selfless politics, Wan Li Spring Golden Zun Tan Ban celebrates the Spring Festival, can be Wan Li Spring, China.
Morning glow, three spring scenes, while flying while dancing, rose to the level of good governance, and the wind refers to the strait.
The rising sun is red, the sky is bright, the willows are green, the peaches are red, the plums are red and the spring is bright.
Fuzhou is rich, the wine is red, the song is light, and the breeze blows the green willows in the south of the Yangtze River.
Well-off years, music, thousands of silver Zheng bronze drums, spring rain, urging Saibei to bloom.
In the spring breeze, there are thousands of trees in the rain and the sun is shining. The spring breeze has shaken thousands of willow branches.
The descendants of Xiao Xianfu were full of dragons and dragons. When Shui was four years old, the rain poured ten thousand mu of new seedlings.
Summary: In the long history and culture of ancient China, different forms of folk customs, such as Spring Festival couplets, New Year pictures, paper-cutting and door gods, have been bred, which fully embodies the uniqueness of China traditional culture. As the inheritors of these precious cultures, we should carry them forward.