Can you tell me the basic movements of China Tea Ceremony?
Tea ceremony is a traditional indoor art, and this kind of tea is a special place completely isolated from daily life. The artistic ceremony held at a specific time must be completed through extremely complicated procedures and specific techniques.
Tea ceremony not only pays attention to special techniques, but also emphasizes the connection between people. Tea for tea ceremony is not personal tea, but collective and shared by all. The core of tea ceremony is gathering tea. All participants in the tea party can get rid of the shackles of the real society through the exchange of tea, so that the relationship between people can be harmonious from the heart.
Japanese tea ceremony contains a kind of idealism, which emphasizes purity, quietness, harmony and silence. In the history of tea ceremony, many people with the same name and surname spent their whole lives looking for their hearts. Tea ceremony is based on isolation. Therefore, nature pursues a unique spiritual situation as its goal, which is called seeking Tao.
At the same time, the tea ceremony is also interesting and entertaining. Of course, it is not excluded that some people participate in the tea ceremony for entertainment purposes. In fact, the pursuit of Tao and interest in tea ceremony are not contradictory, they coexist in tea ceremony at the same time.
Camellia is the main part of tea ceremony. Generally speaking, holding a tea party requires three conditions. First of all, a tea party is a party for one person. When drinking tea, people openly express their feelings in order to unify their thoughts. The feeling of dialogue often determines the success or failure of a tea party. And the tea party is very particular about collocation. The host and guests put themselves in a harmonious teahouse space through the reasonable collocation of tea ceremony utensils and tea sets. Finally, the specific etiquette of tea ceremony. The host's skillful and quick action in receiving guests often leads to the climax of the tea party. Every serving of tea contains the host's mind.
The room where the tea party is held is called the teahouse, also called this seat, teahouse or simply this seat. There are niches and floor stoves in the teahouse. The location of the floor furnace determines the laying method of indoor floor mats. Generally speaking, the guest sitting on the left hand side of the operator (host) is called the convenience seat. The guest sitting on the operator's right is called the backhand seat. Guests enter the teahouse through a unique small exit. It is said that this small exit was designed by Masajiro Morino, the ancestor of the tea ceremony, imitating the window on the Dianchuan boat.
According to the etiquette of tea ceremony, the host holds the tea set and makes tea in a certain order at the designated place according to the rules. In order to make the tea party a success, the ritual performance of tea ceremony is very important. It is the ceremony of tea ceremony that artistically turns the ordinary daily life habit of drinking tea into a tea ceremony. There are three kinds of etiquette, namely charcoal etiquette, strong tea etiquette and light tea etiquette. The difference in etiquette is mainly based on the different procedures for determining whether there are shelves in underground stoves (indoor) and tea stoves (outdoor). The seemingly complicated and boring operation procedures, no matter the posture, movements, sequence and tools, are as reasonable as possible according to scientific arrangements to avoid waste in all aspects.
The process of preparing charcoal for the ground stove or tea stove where tea is boiled is called charcoal ceremony. Whether it is the front seat or the back seat, there are the first charcoal ceremony and the second charcoal ceremony respectively. The procedures of charcoal ceremony are divided into preparing charcoal burning tools, cleaning the ground stove (or tea stove), adjusting the temperature, removing charcoal ash, adding charcoal and lighting incense.
Strong tea is the most solemn ceremony in tea ceremony. You must mainly wear a black kimono with a white pattern. During the ceremony, there was almost no dialogue between the host and the guests. Learning tea ceremony generally begins with learning soft tea and thin tea. Thin tea is the most basic ceremony of tea ceremony. Except fine tea and strong tea, due to different schools, the preparation of related utensils, the use of round bamboo brushes (stirring tea powder to make it foam), the stacking method of small silk cloth, the treatment of tea spoon and the method of pounding tea powder are all different.
In the art of tea ceremony, the artistic appreciation of utensils occupies a large proportion. The statement of "visiting the equipment" itself can prove this point. Tea ceremony utensils can be divided into four categories: reception utensils; Tea table utensils; Hospital equipment; An appliance for washing tea. Among them, reception utensils and tea table utensils are utensils that meet guests directly, that is, appreciation utensils. Hospital appliances and tea washer appliances are consumer goods. Usually, the former is used as a tea set, while the latter is used as a miscellaneous device. Here is a brief introduction to the types and uses of these electrical appliances.
The reception uses Axis figures, Axis paintings, smoking utensils and tea bowls hanging in niches. Tea mat utensils include utensils for decorating niches. Charcoal etiquette related appliances, tea ceremony etiquette appliances. Shi Huai tableware.
Tea table utensils include niche ornaments, hanging shafts, vases, etc.
Charcoal ritual vessels include: kettle, tea stove, incense box, ash container and charcoal bucket.
Tea ceremony has shelves, water bowls, tea bowls, tea pots, etc. Tea set, tea spoon, lid, boiled water (container for excess water after washing the tea bowl). Most of them are pottery products, and some are round boxes made of thin wood chips.
Shi Huai's utensils include folding (a container made of thin wood chips to hold rice and miso soup), bowls (rice bowls, miso soup bowls and tea bowls), auspicious symbols (a small ceramic bowl for storing food) and eight inches (a square Chinese fir vessel about 24 cm). Used to hold wine and plates), baking bowls (a slightly larger ceramic vessel), wine vessels.
The water room with straw sandals, round pier, hospital handle spoon and bucket (at the tea washer in the corner of the teahouse) is used in the hospital. There are gongs, pots, tea towel pots, round bamboo brushes (brushes that stir tea powder to make it foam), tea towels, spoons and so on.
Japanese tea ceremony is divided into several schools, focusing on their family members (heads of households), so that their traditions can be passed down. Jia Yuan (Master) has many disciples. After his graduation, he obtained the certificate issued by Jia Yuan (Master). Those who obtained the certificate of quasi-normal school and normal school all received the enlightenment education of tea ceremony. There are many schools of tea ceremony in Japan today, from the oldest school with a history of 400 years to the new school born in recent years, each with its own characteristics. From the organic law of tea party to the etiquette rules of tea ceremony, each has its own merits. Here are a few schools.
The ancestor of a thousand schools is Mori no Rikyū. During the seclusion of Zongdan, the grandson of Mori no Rikyū, thousands of schools were divided into three systems. Look at thousands. The ancestor was Zongdan's third son, Jiangling Zongzuo. Jia yuan (master) is generally called "no trial nunnery" Table Qian inherited the teahouse and teahouse handed down by Mori Noriky and maintained the orthodox style of casual tea. Li Ganjia is a school initiated by Zong Dan's youngest son, Xian Sao's imperial clan. Li Ganjia inherited Zong Dan's seclusion in this temple. Because today's buddhist nun is in buddhist nun, buddhist nun is called Qian, and today's buddhist nun becomes Qian. Boxers have thousands of paths. The ancestor was Weng Zongshou, the second son of Zong Dan, who was called "Guan". This school is named after the ancestral home of Mushakoji. The ancestor's name is frugality. At that time, I was studying in Wu Ye Shaoou and Mori Norikyō. The school motto of Yaonei School is "Honesty and Quiet" and "Courtesy and Courtesy". It is good to grow university tea and small teahouse tea. Yuanzhou school The ancestor's name is Kobayashi Yuanzhou. Mainly college tea.
According to the rules of tea ceremony, you must drink strong tea after eating, so that tea may taste better. A formal tea party must have a simple meal before drinking strong tea, which is called Shi Huai meal. Legend has it that Shi Huai will tell an ancient story. According to legend, in order to forget hunger, Buddhist monks in the temple put a warm stone in their arms. Shi Huai food is vegetarian, so it is not a luxurious dish with delicious food.
The history of tea ceremony
Tea was first introduced to Japan in Nara era and brought back by the envoys of the Tang Dynasty. However, several centuries after Muromachi, the tea ceremony changed from "Tang-style tea ceremony" to "Japanese-style tea soup", that is, a beautiful tea ceremony was formed.
/kloc-At the end of 0/5th century, Zhuguang Murata, who was a tea man in Ashikaga Yoshimasa, absorbed the tea ceremony of Zen Temple, put simplicity first, abandoned the practice of blindly advocating porcelain and tea sets and pursuing luxury, and founded the Zen tea ceremony. After the perfection of Takeno Shaoou and others, the authentic Japanese tea ceremony was finally established by Morino Masajiro. Since then, tea drinking has developed from simple fun and entertainment to a cultural and artistic activity to express Japanese aesthetic taste and moral concepts. Since the16th century, this school has evolved into three schools, namely "Thousand Schools", "Thousand Schools" and "Thousand Fighters School".
Japanese tea ceremony spirit
Japanese tea ceremony originated in China, but it has Japanese national flavor. It has its own formation, development process and unique connotation.
Japanese tea ceremony is developed on the basis of "daily tea and rice", which integrates daily life behavior with religion, philosophy, ethics and aesthetics and becomes a comprehensive cultural and artistic activity. It is not only material enjoyment, but also learning tea ceremony through tea party, cultivating temperament and cultivating people's aesthetic and moral concepts. As Fu Sen Tian said, "Tea ceremony has evolved from simple fun and entertainment, and has become the norm and ideal for expressing Japanese daily life culture." /kloc-At the end of 0/6th century, Morino Rixiong inherited and absorbed the spirit of tea ceremony in previous dynasties and founded authentic Japanese tea ceremony. He is a master of tea ceremony. By analyzing the spirit of Li Xiu tea ceremony, we can learn something about Japanese tea ceremony.
Zhuguang Murata once put forward "respecting tranquility" as the spirit of tea ceremony, but Rixiong Morino only changed one word, taking "respecting tranquility" as the purpose, which was concise and rich in connotation. "Silence" also means "silence". It refers to aesthetics. This aesthetic feeling is embodied in the word "Wei". The Japanese pronunciation is wabi, which means loneliness, poverty, poverty and depression. The word "people" in peacetime refers to people who are frustrated, down-and-out, depressed and lonely. By the end of Ping 'an, the meaning of "Nuo" gradually evolved into the meaning of "silence" and "leisure", which became a beautiful consciousness appreciated by some people at that time. This aesthetic feeling has social and historical reasons and ideological roots: from the end of Heian to the Kamakura era, Japanese society was in a period of turmoil and reorganization. The former dominant aristocrats lost their power and the emerging samurai class stepped onto the political stage. The aristocrats who lost heaven felt impermanent and pessimistic, so the pure land Sect of Buddhism came into being. Frustrated monks regarded the society at that time as filth and called on people to "hate filth and seek pure land". Under the influence of this thought, many noble literati left home, or lived in seclusion in the mountains, or wandered in the wilderness, built thatched cottages in the mountains and lived in seclusion, and created so-called "thatched cottage literature" to express their nostalgia and catharsis for the past. This kind of literature has a gloomy tone and a mysterious style.
In the Muromachi era, commercial economy developed, competition was fierce, commercial activities were busy, and the city was luxurious and noisy. Many people hate this kind of life and pursue the aesthetic consciousness of "beauty". They find a secluded place in the suburbs or cities, live a secluded life, enjoy a little primitive rural life, seek spiritual comfort, and take coldness, calmness and idleness as beauty. Tea man Zhu Guang Murata and others introduced this aesthetic feeling into "tea soup", which made the beauty of "quietness" widely circulated.
The tea in the tea ceremony is called "Tuocha" (not Tuocha, _), which means "solitude" and "idleness". Invite some friends, sit in a quiet teahouse, chat while drinking tea, be indifferent to the world, be carefree, cultivate one's morality, purify one's mind and have a beautiful artistic conception. Keno Rixiong's views of "Zen with tea" and "Zen with tea" can be regarded as the true meaning of tea ceremony.
The ethical concept of "harmony and respect" is a moral concept derived from the hot period of possession of goods in Tang Dynasty. Since the Kamakura era, a large number of Tang Song products have been shipped to Japan. Especially tea sets and works of art, add luster to the Japanese tea party. However, there has also been a trend of extravagance, blindly advocating Tang things and despising Japanese tea parties. Zhuguang Murata, Takeno and other young men are keen on the art of tea ceremony, opposing extravagance and luxuries, and advocating poverty and simplicity. They think that the black pottery made in China is dark in color and has its simple and quiet beauty. Sincerely entertaining guests with this simple tea set is not only aesthetically pleasing, but also conducive to the cultivation of moral sentiments.
The tea ceremony in Japan has complicated procedures, such as carefully grinding tea leaves, cleaning tea sets, and choosing flower arrangements according to the season and the prestige, status, qualifications, age and cultural education of the guests. The host's movements should be standardized and agile, with a sense of rhythm and elegance like a dance, and be accurate. These are all respects to the guests and reflect the spirit of "harmony but difference".
Japanese tea ceremony, with the words "harmony, respect, purity and silence", has become a cultural and artistic activity integrating religion, philosophy, ethics and aesthetics.