Why did Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty build his mausoleum on Bailuyuan?
Time did not have any scruples about Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty because of his kindness and wisdom. This may be the charm of time. No matter you are an emperor or a slave, you are all equal in the face of time. Time came to 157 BC, and Emperor Wen of Han was only forty-six years old. Now that we are in our forties and at the end of our golden age, we are still an age with great potential. However, the long-term labor and intrigues consumed Emperor Wen of Han's not too old body. After entering middle age, Emperor Wen of Han's health became worse and worse day by day, and he gradually felt that his end had come.
The mentality of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty was the same as that of his father Liu Bang, and he was very concerned about life and death. He felt he had accomplished his mission. Now that the mission has been completed, we should withdraw from the stage of history. When death came, he had no fear, he welcomed it calmly. Perhaps the world lacks Emperor Wen of Han's ability to see through life and death. To grow old but not die is to be a thief, to grow old but not to die is to be a monster, to die but not to decay is to be a corpse. Dust returns to dust, earth returns to earth, and peaches return to the Queen Mother. The metabolism of all things is a natural cycle.
In June 157 BC, Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty closed his eyes forever in Weiyang Palace. Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty walked very peacefully and felt more at ease. He had no worries or regrets before he died. He was not like Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty who was still worried about his empire and the fate of his descendants before his death. When Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty was dying, he didn't have to worry about where his empire would go. He knew he had a bright and smooth path planned for the empire. He knew he had chosen an absolutely qualified successor. As long as the successors follow their own ideas, Dahan should have long-term peace and stability.
Before his death, Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty had prepared a posthumous edict. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty's edict was both very simple and very sincere. To sum up, there are nothing more than the following points:
1. Be indifferent to life and death, not afraid of death;
2. Advocate light burial and oppose thick burial;
3. Funeral All forms should be kept simple, and funerals should not be extravagant or wasteful;
4. People should not be disturbed during the state funeral;
5. No graves can be afforded and a mausoleum should be built on the mountain.
The edict of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty can be said to be unprecedented, but of course there will be others later. Ancient China always valued death as much as life and took death very seriously. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty lived in that ignorant era, but he was able to break away from the shackles of the times and took life and death very lightly, and was not afraid of death at all. Since the ancients regarded death as life, when the emperor died, he would often leave many burial objects in his tomb for his enjoyment in the underworld. Qin Shihuang wished he could move the entire Qin Empire underground. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty did not allow rare treasures to be placed in his tomb, which is really rare. Generally, during a state funeral, the whole country needs to mourn and wear mourning. This is the emperor's standard equipment, this is the emperor's basic specifications, and it is worthy of the emperor's status. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty made a special exception, allowing the people to mourn for only three days. During the national mourning period, normal production and life could be carried out as usual. Anyone who must attend a funeral should not wear a lot of linen and mourning. The width of mourning on the head and waist should not exceed three inches. Do not use cloth to cover the hearse and send Yulin troops to protect the spirit. Do not send people to the palace to mourn the spirit. Those in the imperial court who should attend funerals can only weep and mourn in the morning and evening and during great ceremonies. Stop when the ceremony is over. It is forbidden to cry without permission unless it is morning or evening or when a funeral is held. After the coffin is placed, the mourning clothes are worn for fifteen days, the small ones are worn for fourteen days, and the fine cloth clothes are worn for seven days. After thirty-six days, all mourning clothes are taken off.
Before his death, Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty had already chosen the cemetery site for himself. The Ba Mausoleum of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty did not choose to be located in Xianyangyuan, the emperor's tomb area designated by Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, but chose to stay away from Bailuyuan.
The reason why we are familiar with Bailuyuan may not be because of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty's mausoleum, but because of a book and a TV series, both of which have the same name - "White Deer Plain".
Bailuyuan is located in what is now Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, which was near Chang'an at that time. The general geographical location is located in the area between the Bahe River and Chanhe River to the east of Chang'an. It is connected to Zhushan Mountain to the east, Chang'an to the west, Qinling Mountains to the south, and Bahe River to the north. Legend has it that when King Zhou Ping moved east to Luoyang, he once saw a white deer cruising in this plain, so he named this plain White Deer Plain.
Because it originally lived on the Ba River, it was also called Bashang in ancient times. You may be familiar with it. It is the place where Liu Bang stationed during the Hongmen Banquet. Later, the Ba Mausoleum of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty was built here, so it was also called Balingyuan.
It stands to reason that Liu Bang had already planned the royal tomb park, and Emperor Wen of Han only had to bury himself in Xianyangyuan according to his father's plan. Emperor Wen of Han found another way to choose his mausoleum in Bailuyuan, which is far away from Xianyangyuan. Why did Emperor Wen of Han choose to stay away from the original royal tomb area in Xianyang?
Maybe it was because Emperor Wen of Han hated the wars of swords and shadows and the intrigues and intrigues, so he hoped to stay away from these hateful battles after his death. It is also very simple to stay away from fights and live in peace forever. It would be good to find a place far away from Xianyangyuan. He left Changling and Anling, which meant he could stay away from their fights and lie quietly in his tomb forever.
If we only consider this aspect, Emperor Wen of Han would be too willful. Emperor Wen of Han was not a willful person. Judging from the deeds of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, he was a very stable person. Then the fact that he did not choose the mausoleum site in the royal garden mausoleum area designated by Liu Bang may be related to the ancient Zhaomu system.
The Zhaomu system is one of the ancient ancestral temple systems in my country. According to the ancestral temple system, the emperor established seven temples, the princes established five temples, the officials established three temples, the scholars established one temple, and the common people had no temples. According to the Zhaomu system, the tablet of the ancestor is placed in the middle, with Zhao on the left and Mu on the right. The father who lives on the left is called Zhao, and the son who lives on the right is called Mu. The second generation is Zhao, the third generation is Mu; the fourth generation is Zhao, the fifth generation is Mu; the sixth generation is Zhao, the seventh generation is Mu; the 246th generation is Zhao, the 357th generation is Mu; the first generation is Zhao, the later generation is Mu ; The elder is called Zhao, the young is called Mu; the direct descendant is called Zhao, and the concubine is called Mu. The son of the founder is Zhao, and the grandson of the founder is Mu; the son of the grandson of the founder is Zhao, and the grandson of the grandson is Mu. In this way, in Zhaomu's arrangement, father and son are always in different rows, while grandparents and grandchildren are always in the same row. In addition, the burial places in the cemetery are also divided into left and right order based on this. During sacrifices, descendants must also be arranged in order according to such regulations to distinguish the seniority within the clan.
Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty was the son of Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, and should be Zhao Juzuo. Liu Bang was the ancestor of the Han Dynasty. As Liu Bang's son, Emperor Wen of Han should be the second emperor. But in fact, there was another Han Hui Emperor Liu Ying before Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty Liu Heng. Liu Ying was also the son of Liu Bang, and should be regarded as the second emperor, and should be Zhao Juzuo. So here comes the question. Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty should be Zhao, and the mausoleum site is already on the left side of Changling. Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty Liu Heng could no longer place his mausoleum on the left side of Liu Bang. In this way, there would be two "Zhao", which would not be asymmetrical. Emperor Wen of Han could not place his mausoleum on the right side of "Mu". This does not mean that Emperor Wen of Han was the son or son of Emperor Hui of Han. The best way to solve this problem is to find another cemetery, so that this problem can be effectively avoided.
In addition to the Ba Tomb of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty no longer in Xianyang Plain, the Du Tomb of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty is no longer in Xianyang Plain. Coincidentally, these two emperors were both later elected emperors, not inherited emperors. They both faced the problems of the Zhaomu system.
Emperor Wen of Han was a very filial emperor. Emperor Wen of Han's "personally inspecting decoctions and medicines" was also listed as one of the twenty-four filial piety. Emperor Wen of Han had not been valued by Liu Bang since he was a child, so he could only depend on Bo Ji for life. After Liu Heng was established as acting king, he also faced persecution from Empress Lu. No matter how difficult it was, Bo Ji always silently supported Emperor Wen of Han behind his back. The relationship between Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty and Bo Ji was also very deep. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty may have considered his mother, Queen Mother Bo, when she chose Bailuyuan as the new mausoleum site. Liu Bang's Changling Mausoleum did not open a mausoleum for Bo Ji at all. You can't let Empress Dowager Bo and Empress Lu squeeze into the same mausoleum. That's not putting your mother in the same place as a shrew. You can get rid of Empress Lu by enduring a few decades at most when you are alive. If you are buried together after death, you will not let Empress Dowager Bo stay with Empress Lu for hundreds of thousands of years. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty did not want his mother to be buried in Changling as an ordinary concubine, nor did he want his mother to be involved in trouble again after her death. Emperor Wen of Han hoped that he and his mother would stay away from disputes and find peace after death.
Before Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, the tombs of emperors were basically dug into the ground as a tomb, and then a tall tomb was built on top of the tomb.
Ba Mausoleum is the first emperor's mausoleum built on a mountain in the history of our country. Since it is built on a mountain, there is no tomb and no seal to be found. As for the internal structure of Baling, there are very few records in history books, and it is impossible to know because there is no formal excavation. It is said that Ba Ling dug a hole into the cliff of Bailuyuan Yuantou as Xuan Palace. The interior was piled with stones and there should be a complete drainage system inside. If Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty wanted to build a tomb close to a mountain, he would have to find a place with hills. The small hills on Bailuyuan were just right for Emperor Wen of Han to choose the site for his mausoleum. This is also an important reason why Emperor Hanwen chose to leave Xianyang Plain.