What other seeds do you know how to spread? Choose one or two and write them down.
self propagation
The so-called autobiography is spread by plants themselves and does not depend on other media. The fruit or seed itself has weight, and when it matures, it will fall directly to the ground due to gravity, such as persimmons and olives. However, some capsules and pods will produce ejection force when the fruit is ripe and cracked, which will eject the seeds, such as five-core stone. The propagation distance of self-propagating seeds is limited, but some self-propagating seeds will spread twice after landing. Birds, ants and mammals are all possible secondary communicators.
wind dispersal
Some seeds grow appendages shaped like wings or feathers and fly in the wind. Most of the seeds with pinnate appendages are herbs, such as yellow quail in Compositae, and woody plants are willow and kapok. In addition, the ratio of surface area to weight of some tiny seeds is relatively large, so seeds can be scattered with the wind, such as orchids. The achene of Taraxacum mongolicum, a compositae plant, opens its crown like a parachute when it matures, and flies with the wind, spreading its seeds to far places.
Water transport
Water-borne seeds, whose surface wax is not in contact with water (such as water lilies), have air cells in their skins, whose specific gravity is lower than that of water, and can float on the water surface and spread through streams or ocean currents. The seed coat of such seeds is often rich in fiber, which can prevent the seeds from rotting or sinking due to soaking and water absorption. Coastal plants, such as chessboard feet, lotus leaves and olive seeds, have typical water-borne seeds.
Bird transmission
The seeds spread by birds are mostly fleshy fruits, such as berries, drupes, hidden flowers and hidden fruits. Birds peck at the seeds of Lauraceae and spit them out. After the fruit is eaten, the seeds pass through the digestive tract and are excreted at will. Plants that spread seeds by birds are a relatively advanced group, because birds spread seeds farthest in all ways.
Ant spread
Ants usually play the role of secondary disseminators in seed transmission. Some birds eat and spread seeds, but they don't consume all the nutrients. Some nutrients will be left on the surface of seeds that fall to the ground for ants to eat. At this time, ants become second-hand communicators. The above phenomenon also occurs in seeds spread by themselves or mammals.
Mammalian transmission
The spread of mammals mostly belongs to some medium and large fleshy fruits or dried fruits. Generally speaking, mammals are relatively large and need a lot of food, so they will choose some big fruits. For example, macaques like to eat the fruits of persimmons and bananas and help these plants spread. After the seeds mature, most of them will automatically fall near the plants, and their growth space will be affected to some extent. Therefore, they will spread the seeds to distant places in various ways, which can be divided into the following ways:
1. spread by wind:
Some seeds or fruits will grow hair, and when the wind blows, they will float far away, such as dandelion, blackboard tree, Showa grass and so on.
2. Using animals to spread:
If you walk in the grass, many plant seeds or fruits will stick to clothes or trousers, or to other animals, or to animal foods such as Bidens bipinnata, Ficus, Plantago, etc.
3. Use elastic expansion:
Ripe fruits will crack when touched lightly, and seeds will be ejected by the elasticity of pericarp, such as impatiens, bauhinia, bauhinia and so on.
4. Using hydraulic transmission:
Plants growing near the water usually use water power to spread seeds, such as water lilies.