The sun rises in the Eastern Liao Dynasty and it rains in the west. The Tao is a ruthless rhetorical technique.
"The sun rises in the east and rains in the west, the Tao is ruthless but affectionate" uses a rhetorical device of pun. , "Qing" refers to both the sunny weather and the emotional "qing". It expresses the protagonist's beautiful and pure love.
Original text:
"Bamboo Branch Ci"
Liu Yuxi of the Tang Dynasty
The willows are green and the river is level, and I hear the sound of Lang stepping on the bank and singing.
The sun rises in the east and rains in the west. There is no sunshine but there is sunshine.
Appreciation:
This is a poem describing the love between young men and women. It describes the inner activities of a girl in first love who hears her lover's singing on a clear spring day when the willows are green and the river is as flat as a mirror.
The first sentence, "The willows are green and the river is level," describes the scene in front of the girl's eyes, using the Qixing technique. The so-called "Xing" means touching things to arouse emotions, which is related to the emotions to be expressed in the following text. There is no direct relationship, but it is indispensable in the poem. The willows in the Spring River described in this sentence are the most likely to arouse people's emotions, so it naturally leads to the second sentence: "I heard the singing on the Langjiang River." This sentence is a narrative, describing the ups and downs of the girl's heart when she heard her lover's singing. The last two sentences, "The sun rises in the east and rains in the west, the road is sunny but sunny" are two clever metaphors that use semantic puns. "Sunrise in the east" means "sunny", while "rain in the west" means "no sunshine". "Qing" and "qing" are homophonic, and "youqing" and "wuqing" are code words for "affectionate" and "ruthless". "The sun rises in the east and rains in the west", on the surface it means "sunny" or "not sunny", but in fact it is a metaphor for "sentiment" or "ruthless". This made the girl feel really elusive and uneasy. But she is a smart woman, and she discerned clearly from the last sentence that her lover was in love with her, because of the two words "you" and "no" in the sentence, the emphasis is on "you". Therefore, she couldn't help but feel happy in her heart. This sentence uses a pun, which not only describes the rainy weather on the river, but also cleverly depicts the girl's confusion, attachment and hope, a series of psychological activities.
This poem uses the changeable spring weather to create a pun, and uses "clear" to express "emotion". It has implicit beauty and is very appropriate and natural for expressing a woman's shy inner feelings. The last two sentences have always been favorite and quoted by people in later generations.
This kind of expression based on the characteristics of Chinese phonetics is common in folk love songs of the past dynasties. They are harmonious puns and at the same time vivid metaphors based on active associations. They are often based on familiar scenery, expressing subtle emotions explicitly but implicitly. For example, some Wu Sheng songs from the Southern Dynasties used this kind of homophonic pun to express love. For example, "Midnight Song" says: "I moved to my hometown because of my love for Huan. The tung tree grew in front of my door, and I saw Wuzi when I came in and out." (Huan was the pet name of women for their lovers at that time. Wuzi is a pun on my son, that is, my person. ) And: "I think of Huan's, the child's movement is due to Yu's feelings. The mist and dew hide the hibiscus, and the lotus cannot be seen clearly." Pity.) "Seven Days and Nights Girl Song": "The beautiful love never ends, the anniversary of the farewell, the silkworm does not make a cocoon, the day and night are long." (Because there will be less and more, so I miss you day and night. The hanging thread is the hanging thread. (Thinking puns.)
This kind of folk love songs that use harmonious puns to express feelings has a long history and has always been loved by the people. If a writer occasionally imitates something, it will appear novel and gratifying and attract attention. This is one of the reasons why Liu Yuxi's poem is loved by readers.
About the author:
Liu Yuxi (772-842), a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. The courtesy name was Mengde, a native of Luoyang (now part of Henan Province), who said he was from Zhongshan (which governs present-day Dingxian County, Hebei Province). During the Zhenyuan period (the reign of Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty, 785-805 AD), he was promoted to the rank of Jinshi and entered the Bo Xue Hong Ci Department. Granted the title of Supervisory Censor. He once participated in Wang Shuwen's group and opposed the eunuchs and the separatist forces of feudal towns. He was demoted to Sima of Langzhou and moved to Lianzhou as governor. Later, Pei Du strongly recommended him to serve as a guest of the prince, and also inspected the school's Minister of Etiquette. He is known as Liu Guest in the world. His poems are popular and fresh, and he makes good use of Bixing techniques to convey political content. The poems such as "Bamboo Branch Ci", "Willow Branch Ci" and "Field Song" are full of folk song characteristics and are unique works in Tang poetry. There is "Collected Works of Liu Mengde".