Introduce the life course of American President Bill Clinton.
English full name: william jefferson clinton.
Chinese transliteration: william jefferson clinton (translated from Taiwan Province Province)
In English, William's nickname is generally Bill, so he can also be called Bill Clinton, Bill Clinton.
Birthday: 1946 August 19
Place of birth: Hope, Arkansas, USA
American lawyer and politician, a member of the Democratic Party of the United States, was the governor of Arkansas (1979- 198 1 year, 1983- 1992) and the 42nd president of the United States (1993-).
He served as the 42nd President of the United States for eight years (term1993 65438+1October 20th-2006 5438+0 65438+1October 20th). Together with his deputy, Albert Gore, he defeated George H.W. Bush who was re-elected at that time with 1992 and was elected president with 1996. By the time he left office at 200 1, he was one of the most recognized presidents in history.
He was the first American president born after World War II, the third president impeached by Congress, the youngest American president after theodore roosevelt and John F. Kennedy, and the only Democratic president who was re-elected after franklin roosevelt.
He is called the New Democracy Party, and his ruling idea is also attributed to the third way. Under his management, the United States experienced the longest peacetime economic development in history, achieving a fiscal balance and a surplus of $559 billion. During his presidency, he also encountered many challenges. Because of the failure of his health care plan reform and other policies, the Republican Party gained control of the House of Representatives for the first time in 40 years. During his second term, he was impeached by the House of Representatives for perjury and obstruction of justice, but was eventually rejected by the Senate and completed his term.
He ended his term with 65% public opinion support rate, setting a record for the highest support rate of the US president after World War II. Since then, he has been engaged in public speaking and humanitarian work, and established the William J. Clinton Fund, which is dedicated to preventing international issues such as AIDS and global warming. In 2004, the autobiographical novel My Life was published.
Madam: Hillary Clinton is a famous American lawyer and is now the US Secretary of State.
Daughter Chelsea Victoria Clinton.
Early life
Clinton was born in Hope, Arkansas and grew up in Hot Springs. Clinton's real name is William? Jefferson? William Jefferson Blyth IV, whose father William Jefferson Blyth Jr. was a salesman, died in a car accident three months before Bill was born. After Bill was born, his mother, Virginia Del Cassidy, went to New Orleans to study nursing alone, leaving Bill with her grandparents who owned a grocery store. At that time, the southern United States was still in a state of apartheid, but Bill's grandfather broke social customs and allowed people of all races to shop on credit. 1950, Bill's mother graduated from nursing school and returned to Hope, and soon married Roger Clinton, a car dealer in Hot Springs. Since then, Bill has lived in Hot Springs with his mother and stepfather. Clinton was raised by his mother and stepfather. /kloc-When he was 0/5 years old, he officially changed his surname to "Clinton". Clinton grew up in a violent family, and her stepfather was an alcoholic and gambler, who often abused Clinton's mother and his half-brother Roger Jr. (born in 1956).
Clinton did well in school and was an excellent saxophonist. He once wanted to be a professional musician. In high school, he went to the White House as a national student representative to meet with then US President John F.? Meet Kennedy. He is determined to become a civil servant during the exercise of the White House.
Born in poverty, Clinton received a degree in international relations from the School of Foreign Affairs of Georgetown University, a Rhodes Scholarship, and a law degree from Yale Law School. He met Hillary at Yale and they got married at 1975. They have a daughter Chelsea (born in 1980).
Early political career
After teaching law at the University of Arkansas for several years, Clinton was elected attorney general of Arkansas in 1976, and was elected governor of the state for the first time in 1978, when he was also the youngest governor in the United States. His first term as governor was spent in a difficult period, facing many difficulties and very strong opposition to various reforms. Including the unpopular motor vehicle tax and the successful escape of some Cuban refugees should be screened at 1980. On the issue of setting up refugee camps, President Carter of the Democratic Party rejected Clinton's proposal and insisted on setting up refugee camps in Arkansas, which caused resentment among voters and the popularity of the Democratic Party in the state plummeted.
In addition, Clinton's wife Hillary? As the governor's wife, Rodham refused to change her husband's surname, which also caused quite a controversy in conservative Arkansas. The education reform supported by state democracy has been criticized as the most vicious woman. 1980, Clinton was re-elected after the expiration of his first term, and was elected by Republican Frank? Dwarves? Frank Dward White took his place. White advocates the immediate abolition of motor vehicle tax and Clinton's reform.
After leaving office, Clinton reflected on the failure of his political career. He established new relations with powerful business interests and repaired relations with state government departments. Hillary also agreed to use Clinton as her surname and reinvent herself in public as the wife of a more traditional politician. At the same time, as a lawyer, she secretly established her own regime within the permitted scope. At the same time, White, the new governor, did the usual trick of Republican rulers, including the staff of power companies in the Committee that decided whether to raise the price of power companies, and passed a law stipulating that evolution should be taught in the classroom at the same time, and creativity should be taught in the classroom for the same number of hours (traditional Republicans insist that human beings are created by God). Moreover, the cancellation of Clinton's facilities for benefiting the people attracted the dissatisfaction of the state people.
1982, Clinton announced that he would run for governor again, and finally be re-elected as governor, and he would continue to be in power for 10 until 1992 when he ran for president.
Clinton's kindness to business groups made the Republican Party impeccable, but many transactions during his administration triggered subsequent whitewater investigations, which affected his reputation in the later period of his presidency.
[Edit this paragraph] Presidential career
International news
During his tenure as governor of Arkansas, Clinton has always been regarded as a rising star in the Democratic Party, and all parties believe that he will definitely run for president one day. His first step into the national political arena was at the Democratic National Congress in 1988. He was invited to give a speech and introduce Democratic presidential candidate Michael Dukakis. This speech, originally scheduled for 15 minutes, later became a famous10.5 hour boring conversation.
Activity flow
Despite being the first to bear the brunt, Clinton decided to take part in the presidential election with a vote of 1992, challenging Republican President George W. Bush who was seeking re-election. Bush, who had just experienced the Gulf War at that time, seemed to have been re-elected, and several other opponents in the Democratic Party, especially New York Governor Mario? Mario Coe Mo Ye is eager to try, and Clinton has little chance of being elected.
However, things developed unexpectedly. Bush's popularity after the war made many heavyweight warriors of the Democratic Party, including Guo Mo, lose ground. In the absence of a general in Shu, a long-established but inexperienced opponent has a chance. Although Clinton lost the first primary in New Hampshire to Massachusetts Senator John Zonggs, he came from behind and won the Democratic nomination.
1On July 9, 992, Clinton, who won the party's primary election, chose Senator Albert? Gore as his running mate. At first, many people criticized this unwise choice, because Gore came from Tennessee, which borders Arkansas, and both States are in the south, which violated the traditional election strategy that presidential and vice presidential candidates came from different regions. But in retrospect, many people think that Gore was also one of the key factors in Clinton's victory in the 1992 election, because their youthful qualities gave voters a refreshing impression.
Clinton finally won the election with 1992, mainly because his campaign strategy focused on domestic issues, especially the American economy at that time. His campaign headquarters once posted a very famous slogan: "Idiot, the problem is the economy!" " ("it's the economy, fool!") )。
Clinton's opponents mainly attacked his personality defects, including his evasion of military service during the Vietnam War, the problem of smoking marijuana, women's scandals and several suspicious business transactions. Although these accusations did not prevent Clinton from being elected president, they caused an anti-Clinton wave among conservatives.
Early in office
As soon as Clinton took office, he tried to transform society according to the ideal of liberalism. He raised taxes, launched various government plans, tried to openly be gay in the military, and tried to reform the medical care and medical insurance system in the United States, which caused a rebound.
The military's presidential decree on openly homosexuality was strongly opposed by the military, and it was not easy to implement it. Finally, it ended in a compromise plan of "don't ask, don't tell". Luxury tax was originally intended to tax the rich, but it backfired, resulting in a decline in sales of high-priced goods such as furs and yachts, which hurt the income of middle-class salesmen.
The most serious consequence is trying to reform the medical and health insurance system. The goal of medical and health insurance reform is to make everyone enjoy health insurance and medical services, which is lofty, but it is very difficult to achieve this goal.
Judging from the practice results of other countries and regions, even its feasibility is still controversial, let alone the method of reform. For example, Canada's national health insurance system emphasizes price control. As a result, there is almost no research and development of new drugs in the Canadian medical community, and the most advanced medical technology is not available in Canada. Affordable Canadians must go south to the United States to seek medical services. A few years ago, Taiwan Province Province also launched universal health insurance. In just a few years, problems have emerged: people enjoy medical services without restraint, and hospitals exploit the loopholes in the payment system for their own interests, resulting in a growing financial gap in the system, and the entire universal health insurance system is going bankrupt.
Clinton appointed his politically equally ambitious wife, Hillary Clinton, to lead a committee to plan health care reform. At that time, the Democratic Party controlled the Senate and the House of Representatives and the White House, and theoretically had the opportunity to pass any bill that the Democratic Party was willing to pass. However, the Committee led by Hillary Clinton did not consult the outside world, including other Democrats, but worked out a set of reform plans behind closed doors. Therefore, medical reform involves intertwined interests and losses. The health care reform bill finally put forward by the Committee did not even get the support of members of the Democratic Party. Not only did the whole reform plan fail completely, but the social rebound caused the Democratic Party to lose control of the Senate and the House of Representatives by 65,438 to 0,994 in the mid-term elections. Republican newt gingrich became Speaker of the House of Representatives.
1996 presidential election
The Clinton administration decided to return to the middle line after experiencing the chaos in the early days of taking office and the election defeat of 1994. Clinton hired David, a Republican consultant? As a consultant, Gergen also hired Dick, a Republican election strategist. Morris. Morris formulated a "triangle strategy" for Clinton, that is, the White House took a stand between the Democratic Party and the Republican Party in Congress and kept an equal distance from the members of both parties. This strategy proved to be very effective. With the coming of the 1996 general election, Clinton gradually restored the reputation of the centrist, maintained political stability, resumed economic growth, and Americans were generally satisfied with their lives. Clinton prevailed all the way in the re-election campaign.
On the other hand, on the Republican side, the nomination was made by Kansas senior senator Rob? Old Toure Toure is not only at a disadvantage in age, but also he can't propose an issue that can attract voters. Toure's hasty political view of 17% unified tax rate is rash. Without careful argumentation, voters are skeptical about this policy. Seeing that the tide was gone, Toure put all his eggs in one basket and resigned as senator and Senate majority leader. This strategy temporarily boosted the morale of the Republican Party, but failed to recover the decline. Clinton won re-election with 370-0/68 electoral votes.
Scandals were frequent during his tenure.
During Clinton's administration, political scandals occurred one after another, including:
Travel gate incident: In order to install Hillary Clinton's staff, Clinton fired Billy, the director of the White House Travel Office, as soon as he took office. Dell and six other employees. When the outside world raised questions, the White House ordered the FBI to investigate Dell and accused him of stealing public funds in an attempt to provide a reasonable excuse for dismissal. After two years of litigation, the jury only discussed it for two hours and then acquitted Dell. Memo documents show that the Clintons' Hollywood friend Harry? Thompson wants to take over the White House tourism business.
Baishui case: The incident was caused by a land development case called Baishui in which the Clintons participated. The case involved tax evasion, interest transfer and other illegal acts. In the initial investigation, the relevant personnel won? Foster committed suicide again, which led to the intervention of the Ministry of Justice. The investigation of Baishui case finally found no evidence that the Clintons violated the law, but it triggered a series of extra-case cases, which led to the conviction of 15 people, including the Clintons' business partner McDougall and lawyer colleague Webster? Lieutenant Governor of Hubble and Jim Clinton? Tucker.
Foster committed suicide: after the outbreak of the whitewater case, the procuratorate launched an investigation and the relevant people won the case? Foster committed suicide. Because of the sensitive timing, it is still controversial whether Foster's death is suicide or homicide.
Bilmen incident: 1994, the prosecutor asked for the bill records of Hillary Clinton's lawyer in Ross Law Firm, and several files were missing. Hillary claimed not to know, but two years later, these documents appeared in a small room next to Hillary's office in the White House. After investigation, Hillary's fingerprints and a memo written by White House legal adviser Foster were found on the file.
Futures Gate Incident: Hillary was exposed to trading live cattle futures at 1980, and the investment of 1000 yuan was fried to100000 yuan in a few months. Investment experts believe that it is impossible for experts to have such a transaction result without the money specially sent by others.
File Gate Incident: The Clinton administration has read more than 900 FBI files of the top Republican Party. After the incident was exposed, the White House declared that it was a careless mistake. According to Dick Clinton, then Clinton's adviser, who later broke up with Clinton? Morris broke the news that after he told Hillary about the worrying poll results, Hillary launched a dung scraping work against hostile party member.
Golf Gate Incident: White House Staff David? Watkins privately asked the presidential helicopter to play golf. Watkins was forced to resign after the incident was exposed.
Harper's Gate Incident: Webster, Hillary's former legal colleague, knows this very well? Hubble, it seems that abnormal people can always get help from noble people. While convicted Hubble was forced to resign from the Ministry of Justice and wait for five months in prison, Lippo Group of Indonesia hired him as a legal adviser and paid him $250,000.
Indonesia Gate Incident: An Indonesian couple from a middle-class family was able to donate $452,000 in political donations to the Democratic National Committee. The couple are related to Lippo Group. Republicans suspect an exchange of interests.
Paula. Jones incident: Paula, a former hotel employee? Jones accused Clinton of calling her to a secluded room and exposing her nakedness when she was governor. The investigation triggered by Jones' allegations led to the Monica Lewinsky incident.
Jennifer. Flowers incident: Jennifer announced that she had an eleven-year relationship with Clinton; Clinton insisted that the two of them had "not been in love for eleven years". A few years later, Clinton admitted that he and Buddha Rauls had been in love for ten years (not eleven years). This is one of Clinton's eloquent masterpieces.
Catherine? Willie incident: campaign volunteer Catherine? Willie accused Clinton of sexually harassing her.
Vanita? Broderick incident: People familiar with the matter accused Clinton of raping Vanita while serving as Arkansas attorney general; The parties are unwilling to come forward again, but they have not denied this statement.
Abuse of public funds by cabinet members: Minister of Energy Hai Ruo? According to reports, Austria uses public funds to hire image designers to serve her personally, and travels abroad frequently, and every trip is extravagant.
Cabinet members adopt mistresses: Henry, Minister of Housing? Cynthia Luo Nai was forced to step down after keeping a mistress, paying her to shut up and lying to FBI agents.
Conflicts of interest among cabinet members: Minister of Agriculture Michael? Esby was suspected of being entertained by Tyson Foods to watch the Super Bowl. Esby was forced to step down in the food industry where Tyson Food Company was in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture.
Lincoln suite incident: 1994, after the disastrous mid-term election of the Democratic Party, the Republican Party gained great momentum. Clinton was worried that 1996 would fail in his re-election, so he stepped up campaign funds and sold state organs at a clearly marked price. As long as you donate100,000 US dollars in political contributions, you can stay in the Lincoln bedroom of the White House for one night; There is also a price for drinking coffee with Clinton.
Monica? Lewinsky incident: 1998, the sex scandal between Clinton and Monica Lewinsky, a female intern in the White House, was exposed and investigated by the judicial department. The Republican Party also proposed an impeachment bill in Congress, but the conviction was not passed. This is the famous "zipper door" case, and it is generally believed that the political significance of this case is greater than the legal significance.
Amnesty: Clinton pardoned 140 people a few hours before leaving office, many of whom caused controversy, including his brother (drug crime), Marco? Ricky (tax evasion) and several people paid Hillary's brother Hugh $200,000? Rodin's drug dealers and fraudsters. A special prosecutor was appointed to investigate the Amnesty Gate incident.
Lewinsky incident:
Because of the emotional color of this incident, the Lewinsky incident may become the most disgraceful but crucial page in the history of the Clinton administration.
1996 After the general election, Clinton's White House was in a relaxed state after the election. The Republican Congress just got into a fight with the White House over the budget, freezing federal spending. Many government employees have been instructed not to come to work for the time being, leaving many government agencies, including the White House, empty. It is in such a big environment that Clinton and White House intern Monica? Lewinsky met, flirted and developed into a lover relationship.
The close relationship between Clinton and Lewinsky lasted for five months. Although the outside world doesn't know, it is an open secret among the staff on duty around the president. 1April 1997, Lewinsky's boss was worried that she was too close to the president, so she was transferred to the Ministry of National Defense.
Lewinsky met Linda at the Department of Defense? Tripp, they became good friends. Lewinsky began to reveal to Tripp the contents of his contact with the President. She didn't know that the telephone conversation about this terrible secret was secretly recorded by Tripp.
1998 1 month, Paula? The plaintiff's lawyer in Jones' sexual harassment case began to collect evidence of the president's philandering, trying to prove the president's lewd character. Lewinsky submitted a written testimony, claiming that he had no contact with the President, and tried to persuade Tripp to help her lie, but Tripp didn't want to risk perjury, so she gave her tape to Kenneth, the special prosecutor of the Whitewater case. Starr. Therefore, Starr intervened in the investigation of this incident.
Clinton initially denied that Genlewinsky was having an affair. In public and under oath, he categorically stated that he had no sexual relationship with Lewinsky. The logic on which Clinton confidently lies is, "Because he is only the party receiving the service, he is not considered to have sex."
But the tape and Lewinsky's detailed diary forced her to tell the whole truth, and the evidence provided by Lewinsky proved that the president had lied. The most crucial evidence is a blue dress stained with the president's semen. Lewinsky wanted to keep it as a souvenir, but he left DNA evidence of the president. After the test results came out, the president had to address the nation, apologize to the people, and admit that he and Lewinsky had proper relationship.
Republicans caught Clinton by the balls, accused him of perjury and impeached him. Obviously, Republicans took an extreme stance because of their hatred of Clinton, which made a big deal out of small problems; Their behavior has not been recognized by voters; During the period of 1998, the Republican Party, which should have gained something in the election, suffered a slight defeat. But Clinton also admitted that he asked for it. According to his own account, he "gave his political opponents a knife and they stabbed him in the heart."
Clinton became the second president to be impeached in American history. According to the constitution of the United States, the charges against the president are tried by the Senate, and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, William? Rehnquist served as a judge, all senators served as juries, and the House of Representatives sent 15 members as prosecutors. Two-thirds of senators must vote for the charge. As a result, not even more than half of the senators voted in favor; The president's accusation is not valid. The whole thing is finally over.
Economic prosperity in the 1990s.
The greatest achievement of the Clinton administration is the prosperous economy. Thanks to the maturity of Internet technology, a brand-new technology industry began to develop from 1996 to 1998. The internet revolution has created new industries with huge output value, as well as high-paying job opportunities, which has promoted the operation of the economy.
The rapid expansion of the stock market has allowed investors to enjoy the book wealth for several years. However, in the last year of Clinton's term, the technology bubble has begun to burst. After reaching an all-time high in April 2000, the Dow Jones Industrial Average began to decline for two years, with a drop of 40%. The Nasdaq market, where technology stocks gather, fell by more than 80%.
[Edit this paragraph] After leaving office
1999, the Clintons moved their legal address to the suburbs of new york. In 2000, Hillary successfully ran for the Senate of new york. President Clinton published his memoir My Life after leaving office, and now lives in new york. After the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004, Clinton served as the United Nations special envoy for tsunami recovery. On May 19, 2009, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon announced the appointment of former US President Bill Clinton as the UN Special Envoy for Haiti, responsible for promoting and coordinating the international community to help Haiti recover and rebuild.
On August 4, 2009, former US President Bill Clinton visited North Korea and successfully won the release of two American female journalists who were sentenced to reeducation through labor. This is Clinton's first visit to Pyongyang after leaving office and the second former US president to visit North Korea after Carter.
[Edit this paragraph] Evaluation
Clinton is from Franklin? The first Democratic president to be re-elected since President Roosevelt, his election also ended the history of the Republican Party in power 12 years. The election of 1992 also enabled the Democratic Party to completely control various agencies and departments of the federal government for the first time since President Carter, including the two houses of Congress and the White House. Although a series of scandals involving Clinton occurred during his term of office, including the Whitewater case and the zipper case, Clinton made some achievements during his term of office, especially during his term of office, he created a long-term economic prosperity in the United States for eight years, which made the high-tech industry in the United States develop rapidly and established the status of a high-tech power in the United States today. So Clinton is one of the most recognized presidents in history.
How many people have recognized his achievements, and there are objective evaluation data. From 65438 to 0999, American public cable TV station C-SPAN interviewed nearly 60 historians, and asked them to rate all previous American presidents from ten items, such as leadership, economic achievements, relations with Congress and moral appeal, and calculate their comprehensive rankings. Clinton's comprehensive ranking is 2 1, just in the middle of 42 presidents, ranking behind his predecessor, George H.W. Bush (No.20). This evaluation result is roughly consistent with other subsequent evaluation activities; In the six presidential evaluation and ranking activities including Clinton, Clinton's average ranking was 20.67.
Eight years of gold
During President Clinton's administration, the American economy was unprecedentedly prosperous. During President Clinton's administration, the United States was not plagued by war, and there was no economic recession. During President Clinton's entry into the White House, the three major stock indexes on Wall Street hit record highs several times. President Clinton is one of the most successful presidents in the United States, and his eight years in power is known as the golden eight years.