Dongfanghong-1 was successfully launched, indicating that the China launch vehicle was launched by satellite?
The development and launch of the Dongfanghong-1 satellite is an important decision made by the first generation of the Party's leading collective with Comrade Mao Zedong at the core, and it is a heroic feat of the vast number of space science and technology workers' self-reliance and hard struggle. The successful launch of the Dongfanghong-1 satellite broke the monopoly of the superpowers on cutting-edge space technology, and showed the determination of the people of China to climb the peak bravely despite difficulties and obstacles.
Heart, strength, further laid the China's position as a big country in the world. The spirit of "loving the motherland, selfless dedication, self-reliance, hard struggle, strong cooperation and courage to climb" formed during the development and launch of Dongfanghong-1 satellite is the precious wealth of the Chinese nation and the source of strength for the people of all ethnic groups in China to explore bravely on the road to modernization.
Today, 35 years later, reviewing the history of that year is of great practical significance for carrying forward the spirit of space flight, the spirit of "two bombs and one satellite" and manned space flight, and for promoting the ongoing educational activities to maintain the advanced nature of Communist party member. Let's relive that exciting history, and let's create a new glory for China's space flight.
The prime minister devoted a lot of effort to this.
Narrator: Ji Dong (then Secretary to Premier Zhou Enlai)
Written by: China Aerospace News reporter Feng Chunping.
Premier Zhou Enlai made a lot of efforts for this launch. At every critical moment, Premier Zhou gave great support and encouragement to the developers. Just before the satellite launch, Premier Zhou specially listened to the report on satellite and rocket tests. In view of the problems found, he asked the participants to be modest and prudent, and further do all the preparatory work before launch. After the satellites and rockets were transferred to the launch site, Premier Zhou also told us to check carefully at the launch site and not to let go of a screw. Later, he proposed that satellite launch should meet the comprehensive requirements of "safety, reliability, foolproof, accurate orbit entry and timely forecast".
During the development of the satellite, during the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution, some major issues had to be decided by a special central committee. Before convening the special committee, Premier Zhou will listen to the special report extensively. The list of people who participated in the special report was personally examined and approved by Premier Zhou, and there were dozens of people each time, including representatives who participated in scientific research, production and launch. Premier Zhou is particularly good at listening to opinions from all sides to the maximum extent, paying special attention to listening to the opinions of front-line developers. Every meeting, he specially invited some ordinary technicians and workers to attend and asked them about the production and quality of satellites, such as the material of battery panels and the production of transponders, and he learned very carefully.
When a special report meeting is held, a meal is usually arranged. As long as you know that there are workers' representatives attending, Premier Zhou will specially remind you to order better food. At that time, the living conditions were difficult, and Premier Zhou always hoped to take this opportunity to improve the food for comrades from the grassroots. At that time, the better dish was "pot-stewed dish", which contained meatballs, ribs, vermicelli, cabbage and so on. It's very rich. The staple food is rice and some snacks. At dinner, Premier Zhou told the staff to take good care of the comrades coming from the front line, and specially invited experts such as Qian Xuesen, Zhu Guangya and Ren Xinmin to chat over dinner, talking about life and work, which was very easy-going.
On Labor Day that year, Premier Zhou introduced his familiar heroes who launched satellites to the president, and celebrated the festival with the people of the capital, listening to the music of "Dongfanghong" from the satellite with great interest. ...
Watching the satellite cross the night sky in Shuaifu
Narrator: Zhou Junlun (then secretary of Marshal Nie)
Written by: China Aerospace News reporter Feng Chunping.
1On the morning of April 25th, 970, Marshal Nie had just had breakfast, and his secretary, Zhou Junlun, reported a great news to him: Dongfanghong-1 satellite was successfully launched, and the music "Dongfanghong" played by satellite could be heard on the radio. Nie Shuai was very happy after listening, and said with emotion: "If it weren't for the influence of the current situation, the satellite would have been released long ago!"
As an outstanding leader and founder of China's space industry, Marshal Nie has been organizing the development of China's atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb since 1950s, and has visited the front line for inspection and guidance many times.
1965, Zhao Jiuzhang, director of Institute of Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Lv Qiang, director of Institute of Automation, jointly put forward a proposal for developing satellites to Chinese Academy of Sciences. At the same time, Qian Xuesen, vice president of the Fifth Academy of National Defense, also proposed to the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense and the Office of National Defense Industry that the development of satellites and their launch vehicles should be included in the national plan and carried out as soon as possible. Nie, then Vice Premier of the State Council, agreed to these two suggestions, made an instruction to actively build satellites as long as he had the power, and entrusted Comrade Zhang Aiping to organize relevant departments to conduct a detailed study.
During the Cultural Revolution, Nie Shuai was hit. Like ordinary people, he didn't know the news until the day after the satellite was successfully launched. During the Cultural Revolution, Nie Shuai was restricted from meeting guests casually. Even in this case, Nie Shuai is still very concerned about the development of satellites. Due to illness, he entrusted his secretaries, Gan and Zhou Junlun, to go to the Fifth Hospital for him to learn about the satellite being developed and tell him in detail when he came back. Nie Shuai worked as a locksmith when studying in France, so he emphasized the importance of craftsmanship. He said: "Without good craftsmanship, nothing can be done. Satellites are complex and highly integrated technologies, and this process must not be relaxed. "
1At 8 o'clock on April 25, 970, Nie Shuai looked up at the night sky with his family and secretary, waiting for the moment when the satellite flew over Beijing. At 8: 29, "Dongfanghong No.1" appeared in people's sight with bright brilliance. Under the guidance of his family and secretary, Nie Shuai witnessed the satellite crossing the sky, and the old man smiled with relief.
China's first star has a bright background.
Narrator: Tu Yuanji (secretary of Qian Xuesen)
Written by: China Aerospace News reporter Shi Lei.
Opening the photo album of memory, the past of Qian Xuesen and Dongfanghong-1 satellite 35 years ago is vivid. Tu Yuanji, Qian Lao's secretary, pointed to his book Qian Xuesen, a People's Scientist, and introduced me to one true story after another.
Qian Xuesen is actually the technical commander of the whole satellite, rocket and ground equipment, and he is always at the forefront on the most critical issues. Once, in order to solve the problem of nozzle control in rocket taxiing section, a semi-simulation test was carried out. As a result, the rocket body shook violently, and the designers were at a loss. Qian Xuesen came to the test site and listened carefully to the opinions of all parties. With rich knowledge, he firmly believes that the rocket taxiing section is in weightlessness, and the ground simulation test does not represent the actual situation of space operation. So "shaking" will not affect the flight. Qian Xuesen's word "Gankun" accelerated the development of rockets. In the development of the satellite, in response to the requirements of many technicians who want to use this rare satellite for various space explorations, Qian Xuesen repeatedly worked and pointed out that he should obey the overall situation. He said that China's first satellite is a political satellite in a sense. It is the mission of this satellite to let people all over the world "see" and "hear", and everything should be subordinate to the overall situation. When the satellite was overweight as a whole, he made a decisive decision to give way to anything that contradicted the music broadcast "Dongfanghong".
On the second day after the successful launch of Dongfanghong-1 satellite, Qian Xuesen spoke at the celebration meeting of Jiuquan launch site, and he praised this great initiative. Then, he said realistically that due to the delay of satellite launch, Japan became the fourth country in the world to launch a satellite before China. As a leader, I feel a little sorry that there is only a gap of two months between Japan and China, which makes ranked fifth.
On the evening of May 1, Chairman Mao met the heroes who launched the satellite at the gate of Tiananmen Square. At this time, Qian Xuesen quietly retreated from the front row to an inconspicuous place in the back row. Chairman Mao turned to talk to him, but he couldn't be found.
Thirty-five years later, the background color of the first star in China is still so bright. Because it was created by thousands of scientific and technological workers like Qian Xuesen in Qian Qian with sincere blood, it is bright and eternal.
Premier Zhou wished the satellite a safe journey.
Narrator: Ren Xinmin (chief designer of Long March 1 rocket)
Written by: China Aerospace News reporter Liu Siyan.
After the successful launch of Dongfanghong-1 satellite, Ren Xinmin and a dozen astronauts were cordially received by Party and state leaders such as President Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai on May 1 that year. "Comrade Ren Xinmin, please come to the front, don't always hide behind. Your seat is on my side. " Ren Xinmin was particularly excited when he heard Premier Zhou Enlai calling himself in the crowd. Later, Premier Zhou introduced Ren Xinmin to the present Prince Sihanouk, saying that he was "our man who put satellites" with pride in his tone. In fact, Premier Zhou's relationship with Dongfanghong-1 satellite and Ren Xinmin goes far beyond this.
As one of the commanders who launched the Dongfanghong-1 satellite, Ren Xinmin was the vice president of the First Branch of the Fifth Academy of Astronautics and the chief designer of the first and second liquid rockets of the Long March-1 rocket. 1On the evening of April 24th, 970, when the music of Dongfanghong echoed in space, Ren Xinmin remembered that 20 days ago, he and Qian Xuesen returned to Beijing from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, where the Dongfanghong-1 satellite was about to be launched, and reported the progress of satellite launch to Premier Zhou. After hearing this, Premier Zhou finally said to them, "I wish Dongfanghong-1 a safe journey." Ren Xinmin looked up at the starry sky and silently recited this sentence again and again.
However, what impressed Ren Xinmin even more was that when they told Premier Zhou that something extra had been found in the rocket, Premier Zhou, who was still calm, suddenly became very serious. He warned Ren Xinmin and other comrades in a critical tone: "Your products are dead. You can move them or clean them at any time. Nothing more than leaving the factory two days late. If you go to heaven with extra things, you can't forgive. " Premier Zhou's earnest words made Ren Xinmin suddenly feel a lot heavier on his shoulders. But later, when they returned to Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, Premier Zhou's two phone calls about satellite launch made Ren Xinmin feel that the burden on his shoulders had a stronger shoulder to share with him. Recalling Premier Zhou's concern for the space industry, Ren Xinmin will never forget it.
Space spirit casts China's first star.
Narrator: Sun Jiadong (chief technical officer of Dongfanghong-1 satellite)
Written by: China Aerospace News reporter Yang Jian.
On the eve of the 35th anniversary of the successful launch of China's first artificial earth satellite "Dongfanghong-1", the reporter interviewed Sun Jiadong, the chief technical director of Dongfanghong-1. Talking about the development process of "Dongfanghong-1", Sun Jiadong said that it was the aerospace spirit that made China the first star.
Sun Jiadong said that the team is the foundation for developing satellites. 1967, when the Fifth Academy of National Defense was first established, the staff mainly came from two aspects, one from the First Branch of the Fifth Academy of National Defense and the other from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The former has participated in missile development and has experience in systems engineering, but lacks the theoretical basis of satellites; The latter has a certain foundation of satellite theory, but lacks experience in engineering development. It is not easy to integrate the two teams as soon as possible. Under the care of Marshal Nie, astronauts have done a lot of work in team building, which enabled the satellite development team to quickly establish and form combat effectiveness, and sent the satellite to the sky in only three years.
In such a short time, the spirit of great cooperation and selfless dedication played a key role in achieving such a great event. Sun Jiadong recalled that the industrial base of our country was very weak at that time, taking small electrical connection plugs as an example. At that time, there were few domestic enterprises that could manufacture qualified plugs with more than 20 pins. In order to solve this problem, he had to take a letter of introduction from the Prime Minister's Office, and through the principal who was in charge of Shanghai at that time, he found several experienced teachers in Shanghai Radio No.5 Factory. After repeated discussions and experiments, the plug used in this satellite was finally made.
In order to develop this satellite as soon as possible, both technicians and workers, whether party member or ordinary people, have fully carried forward the spirit of selfless dedication. A worker in factory 529 can't handle the satellite surface well. When he learned that another factory had mastered this technology, he didn't even eat lunch, so he rode his bike to ask for advice. It was not until it was dark at night that he came out and found his bike lost. It turned out that he was too anxious to lock the car. At that time, bicycles were "big" and expensive, but for many days, he never told anyone about it. It is precisely because of this spirit that the success of "Dongfanghong-1" and the rapid development of China's space industry today have been achieved.
A milestone in the aerospace industry
Narrator: Qi Faren (technical director of Dongfanghong-1 satellite)
Written by: China Aerospace News reporter Yang
"The successful launch of Dongfanghong-1 satellite is a milestone for China's space industry and myself." Qi Faren, former technical director of Dongfanghong-1 satellite, said.
On may 1 day, 1970, qi faren, other representatives of the experimental team and former leaders of the commission of science, technology and industry for national defense were invited to attend the festival party with state leaders and arranged for them to return to Beijing from the launch base by special plane. But at that time, the requirement of "wearing the best clothes" at the festival party made Qi Faren feel very embarrassed, because he didn't have any "good clothes" under the conditions at that time. Fortunately, the fifth house is an army organization. Among all his clothes, he found that the best one was the military uniform. At the festival party, Qi Faren was greeted by Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and other party and state leaders in military uniform. After the party, Zhou Enlai specially stayed to take a group photo with members of the delegation 17. Premier Zhou asked Qi Faren to stand beside him, but Qi Faren did not dare to stand. Because there were some national leaders and technical leaders who took part in the group photo at that time, and Qi Faren was only 37 years old, Premier Zhou's amiable attitude finally dispelled his concerns.
In the safe of Qi Faren's office, there is also a brown paper envelope containing a thin old book "Artificial Earth Satellite" at a price of 0.20 yuan. This is a precious gift from Zhuo Lin, an ordinary worker in Harbin, to the chief engineer of the satellite. Turning to the title page of the book, there is a message written by Zhuo Lin to Qi Faren: "On August 3, 2002, I happened to see it on a bookstall near nangang district Zoo in Harbin, and now I give it to you."
Qi Faren told reporters that this book was published in the year when the satellite was launched, and the print run was not much. Receiving this book made Qi Faren very happy. Because he saw this book in those days, but failed to save one, I didn't expect to get such a memorable book more than 30 years later. Qi Faren said excitedly, "When I saw this book, I remembered everything of that year."
There is another little thing that Qi Faren has remembered for 35 years, and that is a promise made by Yang Nansheng, the third-level technical director of the Long March-1 carrier rocket. Qi Faren said humorously, "Yang Nansheng said that he would treat me to roast duck after the successful launch. I haven't eaten for 35 years! "
A lot of rice has been prepared for the satellite.
Narrator: Yang Nansheng (head of the third-stage solid engine of the Long March-1 rocket)
Written by: China Aerospace News reporter Liu Siyan.
1970 On April 24th, when China's first artificial earth satellite Dongfanghong-1 was successfully launched, Yang Nansheng, who was in charge of the third-stage solid engine of China's first carrier rocket Long March-1, was so excited that his eyes filled with tears.
As early as when he was the vice president of Shanghai Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Design, Yang Nansheng and his partners dreamed of building China's own satellite while developing China's first sounding rocket, and even drew a sketch of the satellite. However, limited by the conditions at that time, making stars can only stay in dreams. Fortunately, God gave Yang Nansheng a chance to realize his dream. Shortly after the successful launch of China's first biological rocket T-7A, Yang Nansheng was appointed as the vice president in charge of technology in the Fourth Branch of the Fifth Academy of Aerospace, a newly established solid rocket engine development base in China. 1In August, 964, the solid motor of the Fourth Branch was selected as the third stage of the Long March-1 rocket. Therefore, the hospital set up a project leading group, with Yang Nansheng as the team leader. From1August 1964 to1April 24, 1970, Yang Nansheng finally realized his early dream of making stars almost perfectly.
At that time, there was no on-orbit engine on Dongfanghong-1 satellite, and the third stage of the rocket naturally assumed the task of on-orbit engine. Before the satellite launch, Yang Nansheng was asked to report the data of the third stage of the rocket to the person in charge of the satellite launch to calculate the orbit of the satellite. Limited by the technical conditions at that time, Yang Nansheng reported relatively safe data. The calculation results show that the satellite will enter a near-circular orbit. On the day of launch, after the rocket was launched, the last push of the third-stage solid motor sent the satellite into a more elliptical orbit. This is the result that no one expected in the place. Up to now, Yang Nansheng still remembers a meaningful smile that Qian Xuesen gave him at the scene. When the launch team returned to Beijing, in the welcoming crowd, Tu Youyou, who had always been regarded as Mr. Yang Nansheng, humorously said to him, "You have prepared a lot of rice for the satellite.". What he said is, of course, that the satellite's near-circular orbit has become an elliptical orbit. The implication is that the thrust of the three-stage push satellite of the Long March 1 rocket is really not small.