The bottleneck of economic development in Shanghai lies in the following reasons. The solution is.

Since the reform and opening up, Zhejiang's economic development has been at the forefront of all provinces. According to statistics, during the period of 1978-200 1, the average annual growth rate of Zhejiang's GDP reached 13.3%, from1240 million yuan to 670 billion yuan. The ranking of the national economic aggregate rose rapidly from the original 12 to the fourth, and the per capita GDP rose from the national 65438+. It is particularly gratifying that after 1997, China's economic growth rate declined year by year, and Zhejiang's economy also declined, but it still maintained a double-digit high-speed growth (10. 1% in 1998, 10.0% in/kloc-) In 200 1 year, the GDP of Zhejiang province has reached about 670 billion yuan, and the per capita GDP in 2002 is expected to reach 2000 US dollars, nearly twice the national average. Nowadays, the vigorous vitality of Zhejiang's economy has aroused widespread concern in all aspects. Some people call it "Zhejiang phenomenon". From the perspective of economics, the economic development of a country or region is ahead of other regions, which is inevitably the result of its better comparative advantage. This paper attempts to explore the causes of "Zhejiang phenomenon" from the perspective of comparative advantage analysis.

After a lot of empirical analysis, the author thinks that Zhejiang has obvious comparative advantages in labor force, environment, market expansion, characteristic industries and enterprise management mechanism compared with neighboring developed provinces and the whole country. The specific analysis is as follows:

First, the comparative advantage of Zhejiang's labor resources.

Labor resources, also known as human resources, are the basic elements of the national economy and the basic premise of social and economic operation. In modern society, the improvement of labor quality is a decisive factor to promote economic growth, so it has also become an important indicator to measure the comparative advantages of various regions. It is true that Zhejiang is rich in labor resources, but it does not have a comparative advantage in the context of abundant labor resources in the country. Zhejiang's comparative advantages in human resources are mainly reflected in two aspects, namely, the low natural population growth rate and the high comprehensive quality of the population. From 65438 to 0989, the natural population growth rate of Zhejiang was 8.79‰, only slightly higher than that of Shanghai and Beijing, and the lowest among all provinces. 1999 was 4.29‰, which was higher than that of Shanghai (negative growth), Beijing, Tianjin, Liaoning and Jiangsu, ranking sixth in the country and third in the provinces. The natural population growth rate is low, which reduces the population burden and employment pressure and is conducive to economic development. Although Zhejiang's per capita education level is lower than the national average, Zhejiang has an early history of development, profound cultural accumulation, and the comprehensive quality of the labor force is at a high level in the country. Compared with mainlanders, Zhejiang people have more excellent qualities, such as learning-worship, daring, intelligence, diligence, mutual assistance and pragmatism. Its advantages are highlighted in Zhejiang people's strong adaptability to the real environment and their courage to innovate. Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai have always been the areas with the densest scientific and technological talents in China. More than 40% of scientists in China are not included in this list. According to the statistics of Biographical Dictionary of Scientists in China, the number of famous scientists per million people is 4.22 times of the national average, 4. 15 times of Zhejiang and 3.49 times of Jiangsu. Ningbo, in particular, is not only famous for its business tycoons, but also the "hometown of academicians" in China. At present, Ningbo academicians account for116 in China, ranking first among cities in China. Only one effective middle school has produced 13 academicians, which is unheard of in China. In the tide of market economy, Zhejiang people who are willing to use their brains, endure hardships and take risks learn by doing, and their quality improvement depends more on "learning outside the classroom". In the practice of reform, a large number of well-known entrepreneurs have emerged, such as Teng Zengshou, Feng Gensheng, Yan Along, Lu Zong, Nan Cunhui and Chen Jinyi, who are brave in innovation, capable and good at grasping opportunities. The existence of these entrepreneurs is one of the most important factors for Zhejiang's economic take-off.

Second, the comparative advantage of Zhejiang environment

Environmental resources directly affect people's choice of residential areas and enterprises' choice of location, which is the basic condition for a regional economic development. It is generally believed that location, resources, economy and ecological environment are the hard environment for economic development, while social, political, policy and legal environment are the soft environment for economic development. The following is just a brief analysis of the hard environment in Zhejiang. (A) Location environment, Zhejiang's location advantage is very obvious. First of all, the central location of Binhai is conducive to external exchanges and internal expansion. And close to Shanghai, the largest economic center city in China, the "five streams" of goods, capital, technology, information, talents and industrial diffusion are naturally the advantages of "getting the moon first". In addition, Jiangsu and Fujian, which are adjacent to the north and south, are the leading provinces of national economic growth, which can give full play to the agglomeration effect, support each other and develop together. (2) Resources and environment