What is going over mountains and mountains in Northeast China?
Brief introduction of mans solar terms
Mang Zhong Zhong Zhong
Miscanthus means that the crops are ripe. Mango is the ninth of the 24 solar terms. On June 5th, every year, when the sun reaches 75 degrees, it is a kind of awn. "Twenty-four solar terms": "The May Festival means that there are awn crops in the valley". It means that the seeds of crops with awns, such as barley and wheat, are ripe and it is very urgent to grab the harvest. Summer sowing crops such as late rice, millet and millet are also the busiest season for sowing, so they are also called "awn seeds". Spring competes for the sun, and summer competes for time. "Race against time" refers to the busy farming season at this time. It is often said that "three summers" is a busy farming season, that is, summer management is busy with summer harvest, summer sowing and spring sowing crops.
So "awn seed" is also called "busy planting" and "busy planting", which is the sowing of farmers' friends. The arrival of "Mangzi" indicates that farmers have started their busy field life.
Ancient division
In ancient China, mango seeds were divided into three stages: "One stage was when mantis was born; Second, wait for Peng to start singing; The third-class tongue is silent. " In this solar term, the eggs laid by mantis in late autumn last year, because they felt the birth of Yin Qi, broke their shells and gave birth to little mantis; Shrike, who likes yin, began to appear on the branches, singing because of yin. On the contrary, mockingbirds, who can learn from the songs of other birds, stop singing because they feel the appearance of Yin.
Representative significance
The awn seed is a symbol of the maturity of awned crops such as wheat and a solar term reflecting agricultural phenology. At this point, the wheat harvest season in Sichuan basin has passed, and the transplanting of mid-season rice and sweet potato is coming to an end. In most areas, the mid-season rice has entered the green stage, and the seedlings are green and full of vitality. The poem "The east wind dyed 3,000 hectares, and the herons kept coming and going" vividly described the beautiful scenery of the field at this time. In the awning season, the medium rice that has not been transplanted in the basin should be planted quickly; If it is postponed again, the vegetative growth period of rice will be shortened due to the increase of temperature, and the growth period will be easily affected by drought and diseases and insect pests, and the yield will inevitably be low. Osmunda japonica should be transplanted before summer at the latest; If sowing is too late, not only the drought will worsen, but also the temperature will drop in Qiu Lai, which is not conducive to the expansion of potato chips and the yield will be significantly reduced. This is the truth of the agricultural proverb "busy planting".
Local conditions
Mango is a very busy solar term. Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia are "busy planting seeds and breeding them in the summer to the valley of the sun". Guangdong is "the awn seeds are heavy in summer (referring to transplanted plants again)". Jiangxi is "no seedling three days before planting, no seedling three days after planting". Guizhou is "it is useless to plant awns if you don't plant them." Fujian is "planting awn, good indica rice, super awn and good glutinous rice". Jiangsu is "the mountain is the treasure, and the summer solstice is the grass". Shanxi is "mango, mango, everything". "Millet is urgently planted in the valley". Sichuan and Shaanxi are "busy farmers in front of the tent and busy planting beans behind the tent". As can be seen from the above farming, China is busy planting crops from south to north through the ear planting festival, and the busy farming season has reached a climax.
Main cultivation of awn seeds
By type
Mango seed shows that wheat and other summer crops are the busiest season for maturity and cultivation, and it is the ninth solar term in the twenty-four solar terms of the lunar calendar. After the awning, it entered the rainy season in early summer, with abundant rainfall and obvious temperature rise. Common weather disasters include tornadoes, hail, strong winds, heavy rains and droughts. In normal years, plum blossom begins in mid-June. The period from awn seed to summer solstice is the busy climax of sowing, transplanting, seedling management of autumn harvest crops and all-round entry into summer harvest, summer sowing and summer sowing. The main farming activities are as follows: First, timely harvest crops, such as wheat, broad beans and peas. Mature in summer to achieve high yield and harvest. Second, re-apply corn fruit fertilizer in the first half and the second half of the year, and do a good job in preventing root fall and corn borer. Third, spraying medicine on the middle rice seedling field and transplanting it in the middle and late stage; Direct seeding rice and seedling throwing rice are used to control rice weevil, and early field planting is used to control Chilo suppressalis and leaf blast. Fourth, weeding in intertillage cotton, managing bud stage well, preventing and controlling pests such as blind stinkbug, cotton aphid and red spider, topdressing organic fertilizer and striving for more peaches; Transform the drainage system of cotton field to prevent rain and waterlogging. Fifth, summer soybeans, peanuts and spring soybeans should be planted in the first and second half of the year. Spring sweet potato topdressing, intertillage weeding, ridging and replanting; Cut summer sweet potato. Apply mint brake fertilizer. Sixth, sow cowpea, amaranth, Chinese cabbage and other vegetables; Strengthen the field management of eggplant, melon and bean vegetables, control pests and diseases, harvest and market, and keep seeds. Seventh, strengthen the epidemic prevention of livestock and poultry in summer, raise and manage adult fish, cut mulberry fields and apply summer fertilizer in summer, overhaul river and sea dike projects and irrigation and drainage machinery, and pay attention to flood control and drought prevention.
Overview of vegetable cultivation
1. Management measures for greenhouse vegetables.
(1) Increase ventilation and reduce the shed temperature. On sunny days, the shed door can be opened day and night, and the film on the east and west sides is ventilated; Cover the ventilated place with film in rainy days to prevent rainwater from leaking into the shed, and ventilate in time after rain.
(2) Continue to fertilize and water, remove diseased old leaves, prune and tie vines, and strengthen pest control.
(3) After harvesting, clean the garden in the shed in time. Clean the plants and branches of fruits and vegetables out of the shed and burn or pile them up.
4. Management measures for open-field vegetables.
There are many varieties of melons and vegetables cultivated in the open field, most of which are at the peak of harvest and vegetative growth. According to the cultivation technical requirements of different melon and vegetable varieties, fine cultivation management is carried out. Fruits and vegetables entering the harvest period should be topdressed every 7- 10 days, watered in time during drought, drained in time after rain, pruned, tendrils tied, old diseased leaves removed, and pest control strengthened.
3. Do a good job in the seedling cultivation of Kandelia candel and autumn pepper.
Overview of fruit tree cultivation
1. Citrus fruit trees
Continue to pay special attention to fruit preservation, beware of abnormal high temperature fruit drop. Erase the summer shoots, and thin out some slender branches and over-dense branches. Strengthen the prevention and control of scale insects, whiteflies, mites, black spot disease and anthracnose, artificially kill longicorn beetles and scrape off eggs and larvae. Farming and weeding, shallow digging garden soil.
4. Myrica rubra
(1) Pest control and disease prevention: spray 800 times of 25% chlordimeform, 3000 times of 20% pyrethroid, 800 times of Tobezin or 0/000 times of carbendazim at the beginning of each month to control brown spot, leaf roller and fruit fly. When the fruit is ripe, the adults of Drosophila melanogaster are trapped and killed to prevent fruit worms. Began to scrape the eggs and larvae of longicorn beetles at the bottom of the trunk.
⑵ Branch management: In summer, sprout young trees, remove the heart and cut off dead branches.
3. grapes.
Continue to drain stagnant water and improve disease resistance. Continue to do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests such as black pox, anthracnose, downy mildew and moths. Skillfully apply strong fruit fertilizer and topdressing outside the roots. Strengthen branch management.
4. Take a nap.
Take timely measures. Ditch cleaning and drainage. Fertilize after harvest. Trim. Control pests, such as yellow caterpillar and horned moth.
5. pear tree
Continue to control scab, black spot, ring rot, pear net stinkbug, aphids and moths. Continue bagging, which should be completed before the beginning of June. Continue to combine foliar fertilization when spraying. Topdressing with quick-acting fertilizer after rain will make fruits and branches strong. Strengthen ditching and drainage. Strengthen pruning in summer, and cut off long branches, overlapping branches, over-dense branches and dead branches.
peach
The middle and late maturing varieties continue to bag at the beginning of the month. Harvesting early-maturing varieties, and topdressing after harvesting; Look at the middle and late maturing varieties of topdressing trees. Summer pruning, mainly to tie the heart and prune long branches, needs to end in mid-June. Control moths, armyworms, scab and catch longicorn adults. Combined with pest control, topdressing outside the root. Ditching and drainage to improve disease resistance.
Overview of animal husbandry and agriculture
The temperature of awn seeds gradually rises and enters the rainy season. During the rainy season, livestock and poultry management should do a good job in four aspects:
1. Keep the cages of livestock and poultry clean and sanitary, and enhance the disease resistance of livestock and poultry in rainy season. The excrement in the cage is cleaned and transported outside. Cattle should be kept in captivity when it rains to prevent getting wet and lowering body temperature from causing colds; Cows that have not prepared seeds should prepare seeds before summer comes. It is a good time to raise sheep and promote fattening; Don't let sheep graze and rest in wet and muddy places, so as not to cause rheumatism.
2. Long-haired rabbits and meat rabbits are more afraid of the humid climate in May. First, the rabbit house should be dry and clean, and the ground of the rabbit cage should be sprinkled with a layer of plant ash or lime. Second, the forage must be dried, and the grass with muddy water cannot be used. Third, put some hard charcoal in the trough for rabbits to eat, so as to absorb the water in the gastrointestinal tract and prevent diarrhea. Fourthly, young rabbits are easy to be infected with coccidiosis in rainy season, and gram ball powder can be added to the compound feed to prevent it; I'm not ashamed. The house is dirty and invincible.
3. Strengthen the prevention and control of influenza virus, dysentery and other diseases.
4. Free-range poultry should be purchased in time and kept warm at night.
By region
Northeast China: winter and spring wheat irrigation topdressing. After transplanting. Millet, corn, sorghum, cotton seedlings. Soybean and sweet potato finished the first shovel. Sorghum, millet and corn were shoveled twice. Cotton threshing, rice weeding, topdressing preparation, pest control, hail suppression.
North China: Generally, wheat fields begin to harvest. Summer harvest and summer sowing are carried out simultaneously. Strengthen cotton field management, control aphids, water and topdressing. Northwest China: Winter wheat control pests and diseases. Water, intertillage, weed and topdressing spring corn. Millet cultivation and weeding, thinning seedlings, millet sowing, seedling inspection and seedling supplement.
In southwest China, spring crops should be planted and transplanted in time. Harvest summer crops on sunny days. There is harvest, cultivation and sowing. Central China: grab and harvest wheat, select seeds and keep them. Rush to plant summer corn, summer sorghum, summer soybean, sesame and so on. Topdressing mid-season rice, combined with ploughing and drainage, baked the field at the end of tree growth. Strengthen the management of single-season late rice and carefully remove impurities.
In the northern region, single-season late rice was planted between wheat stubble rice and Jianghuai. Seedling raising of double-cropping late rice. Control pests and diseases in rice fields. Soil tillage and weeding in woodland.
South China: Top dressing for early rice and top dressing for middle rice. Sow late rice, harvest early corn, harvest early soybeans and sow late soybeans. Planting sugarcane in spring and winter, cultivating ratoon sugarcane in the middle and topdressing, and cultivating soil in a small area to prevent aphids.
Mango: one of the 24 solar terms. It starts every year around June 6th when the sun reaches 75. "Tongwei Filial Piety Helps the Gods": "On the fifteenth day after the full moon, the bucket refers to C, which is a kind of mango, May Festival. It is said that there is a mountain valley where seeds can be planted. " The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China will enter the rainy Huangmei season.