Available data from the Amazon jungle
Located near the equator, it is hot and rainy all year round, with a vast tropical rainforest (more than 30,000 square kilometers) and typical development. Amazon Plain is the largest tropical rain forest area in the world, which contains one fifth of the world's forest resources. . Plants are lush and varied, with endemic species accounting for 1/3. Trees are mainly Myrtaceae, Rutaceae, Meliaceae, Lauraceae, Palmae and Apocynaceae. Rich in mahogany, ebony, Lvmu, Brazil fruit, clover gum, milk wood, ivory coconut and other economic tree species, rich in petroleum, tin and other mineral resources. The plain is vast and sparsely populated, with inconvenient transportation, and most areas have not been fully developed.
Ps: Amazon or Amazon?
Amazon or Amazon is translated from Amazon.
In the textbooks related to geography in universities, primary and secondary schools, they are all translated into Amazon. So academic circles generally translate it into Amazon. In fact, from the perspective of pronunciation, Amazon is also closer to the real pronunciation.
Amazon's translation is also common in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan publications. In some non-academic travel magazines, you can often see Amazon's translation. Therefore, spoken English is influenced by this, and it is called Amazon. In order to facilitate public understanding, many non-academic TV programs are often translated into Amazon, such as the mainland movie Out of Amazon.
Drought in the Amazon plain
The Amazon plain suffered the worst drought in 60 years, and water and medicine began to be sent to the towns in this area. The authorities extended the scope of the state of emergency to the downstream areas. At the same time, Greenpeace, an environmental protection organization, pointed out that they believed that the drought in the Amazon Plain was caused by cutting down trees and the greenhouse effect, and the relevant argument was recognized by some authoritative scientists. However, government researchers have different views. They blamed the drought on the unusually high temperature in the Atlantic Ocean.
In arid areas, countless lakes and rivers have become continuous gravel and dry soil. The ship ran aground and there were dead fish everywhere in the hot sun. Residents who rely entirely on river transportation and food can only wait for the government to airlift supplies.
The official priority is to transport fresh water to prevent the outbreak of diarrhea and other diseases. The Amazon state government has now extended the state of emergency to all 665,438+0 autonomous regions in the state, as the drought has further affected the towns further downstream.
Meanwhile, Greenpeace, an environmental organization, quoted scientists as saying that people thought that the drought in the Amazon Plain was caused by cutting down trees and the greenhouse effect. Greenpeace said that cutting down and burning trees raised the temperature of the whole Amazon region and hindered the formation of clouds.
Government forecasters pointed out that the unusually high temperature in the Atlantic Ocean is also the cause of the recent wind disaster, which they believe is a natural cycle; But some scientists hold different views that global warming has changed weather patterns.
Amazon Rainforest
Amazon rainforest is the largest rainforest in the world, with an area larger than that of Europe, with 7 million square kilometers. It extends from the low slopes of the Andes to the Atlantic coast of Brazil. Amazon rainforest is very important to the health of the whole world and all living things in the world. Forests can absorb carbon dioxide, which makes the earth warm, harms the climate and even melts the polar ice sheets, causing floods. Trees also produce oxygen, which is necessary for human beings and all animals to live. Trees in some rainforests grow very tall, more than 60 meters high. Their leaves form a "crown", like an umbrella, blocking the light. Few low plants grow under the tree.
There are many kinds of wild animals in the Amazon Plain. At the end of 19, according to a British naturalist, there are 147 12 species of animals, of which more than 8,000 species are unknown. At present, there are more than 65438+ million species of animals and birds, and at least 27 species of beetles. There may still be millions of species waiting to be discovered.
Indigenous people in the Amazon plain have lived here for centuries. But after Europeans came here about 500 years ago, many indigenous people became slaves, died of diseases or were forced to give up their traditional way of life. The rain forest here is now in serious danger, because people are cutting it down at an alarming rate to open up land to grow crops or raise livestock to supply the American meat market.
Amazon Plain is the largest tropical rain forest area in the world, accounting for 50% of the total tropical rain forest area on the earth, reaching 6.5 million square kilometers, of which 4.8 million square kilometers are in Brazil. It is rich in natural resources, rich in species, complex in ecological environment and well-preserved in biodiversity, and is called "a paradise for biologists".
However, the Amazon rainforest is not loved by human beings because of its wealth. People began to develop forests from16th century. 1970, in order to solve the poverty problem in northeast China, the Brazilian President made another saddest decision: to develop the Amazon region. This decision destroys about 80 thousand square kilometers of virgin forest in this area every year. 1969- 1975, forests in central and western Brazil and the Amazon were destroyed 1 10000 square kilometers. Compared with 400 years ago, the forest area in Brazil has been reduced by half.
The reduction of tropical rain forest is mainly due to burning cultivation, excessive logging, overgrazing and forest fires, among which burning cultivation is the primary reason, accounting for 45% of the total area of tropical forest reduction. In the process of reclamation, people drove heavy tractors into the Amazon forest, cut down trees and set them on fire.
The reduction of tropical rain forest not only means the reduction of forest resources, but also means the deterioration of the global environment. Because forests have the functions of conserving water, regulating climate, reducing pollution and maintaining biodiversity.
Tropical rain forest is like a huge throughput, swallowing a large amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted by the world every year and producing a large amount of oxygen, so Amazon rain forest is known as the "lung of the earth". If the Amazon forest is completely cut down, the oxygen on which human beings depend will decrease 1/3.
The tropical rain forest is like a huge water pump, which absorbs a lot of water from the soil and then discharges it into the air through transpiration. In addition, forest soil has good permeability and can absorb and retain a lot of precipitation. The fresh water stored in Amazon rainforest accounts for 23% of the total fresh water. Excessive logging will cause soil erosion, soil desertification and soil erosion. Some areas in northeastern Brazil have become the driest and poorest places in Brazil because of the destruction of large areas of forests. In Peru, due to the destruction of forest stumps, 4,300 major mudslides and 1993 landslides broke out between 1925- 1980, and the direct death toll reached 46,000. At present, 3000 square kilometers of land and 20 cm thick topsoil are still washed into the sea every year.
In addition, the forest is a huge gene pool. Among the100000 species on the earth, 2-4 million species live in tropical and subtropical forests. On the sampling plot of only about 0.08 square kilometers in the Amazon River basin, 42,000 species of insects can be obtained. There are more than 1, 200 different kinds of plants per square kilometer in the Amazon rainforest, and 1/5 of the animals and plants on the earth grow here. However, due to the deforestation of tropical rain forests, at least one species disappears there every day. It is predicted that with the decrease of tropical rain forests, at least 500,000-800,000 species of plants and animals will be extinct after the lunar year. The loss of rainforest gene bank will become one of the greatest losses for mankind.