How are the Buddhist temples in China laid out?
The general layout of China Temple, a famous Buddhist mountain in China (1), Shanmen Temple (2), Tennoja (3), Tibetan Temple, Three Sages of the East (4), Western Ancestral Hall (5), Daxiong Hall (6), other buildings of Buddhist temples (7), the correct methods and etiquette of worshipping Buddha, and the worshippers of China Buddhist temples are usually. The structural diagram is as follows:
* Worship targets of Buddhist temples are Wutai Mountain, the famous Buddhist mountain in China and the Bodhisattva Dojo among the four famous Buddhist mountains >> Putuo Mountain in Zhejiang >> Emei Mountain in Sichuan >> Jiuhua Mountain in Anhui >>0 1 A list of the four famous Buddhist mountains in China, China. Since the Han Dynasty, temples and monasteries have been built in China, and they have continued to this day. The four famous Buddhist mountains in China are Manjusri Bodhisattva Road. ...
Where are the ancestral temples of the top ten Buddhist sects in China and China? Religious belief is an inseparable part of many countries, and the development of various religions has emerged one after another for thousands of years. ...
The overall layout of the temples in China Through the layout and structural diagram of the Buddhist temples below, we can learn about the layout of the temples and the buddhas and bodhisattvas worshipped.
* The layout of Buddhist temples The distribution of Buddhist temples and bodhisattvas The difference between temples is very strict in China. Worship Buddha and Bodhisattva in the temple, and worship ghosts and gods in the temple. Most temples in China face south, but only a few temples face special directions, such as: ① the entrance of Jinshan Temple in Zhenjiang faces due west; ② Jokhang Temple in Tibet faces west and Jokhang Temple faces east; (3) The university hall in Beijing faces east.
From south to north, the central axis is the Shanmen, Tianwang Hall, Daxiong Hall (the main building), and the Tibetan Scripture Building.
There are affiliated halls on the east and west sides, such as THE TEMPLE OF JIALAN Hall (east side), Zushi Hall (west side), Guanyin Hall and Pharmacist Hall. Some big temples also have arhat hall, which is dedicated to 500 arhats.
On both sides of the main hall are cloisters, which are religious living areas composed of multi-storey courtyards, and on the east are monk rooms, department halls (warehouses), incense kitchens (kitchens), fasting halls (canteens) and tea halls (reception rooms). The western part is mainly the Yundian (Zen Hall), which is named after being visited by monks from all directions.
(1) The gates of Shanmen Temple and Bell and Drum Tower Temple are three doors standing side by side, one big and the other small. The middle door is an empty door, the east door is a non-phase door, and the west door is a non-power door. The middle one is often built in palace style. It is called Shanmen Hall or Sanmen Hall.
There are two statues of donkey kong Lux carved in Sanmen Hall, just like two gatekeepers guarding the temple. They looked dignified, glared at each other, and held diamond pestles to deter monsters. Lux on the left glared, opening his mouth like a general, while Lux on the right glared and closing his mouth like a general.
When entering the temple, the female guest takes the right foot first, and the male guest takes the left foot first. Be careful not to step on the threshold, the bigger the step, the better. At the same time, entering the temple should follow the principle that the left door enters and the right door exits.
After entering the gate, there are bells and drums on the second floor. As far as the orientation of the temple is concerned, the left (east) is the bell tower and the right (west) is the drum tower. According to the direction of entering the temple, the drum tower is on the left and the bell tower is on the right. Usually ring the bell first in the morning, corresponding to the drum; Drums are played first at night, and the bells correspond. Morning bell and dusk drum are the bells and drums that beat time in the morning and evening in the temple, which can be used to describe the life of monks in the temple.
Hong Zhong hangs from the bell tower, and some monasteries worship Tibetan bodhisattvas under the bell. Ming Dow is his left follower and Gong Min is his right follower.
There is a big drum in the Drum Tower. Some monasteries worship Guan Yu, the god of the Milky Way. Guan Ping is his left attendant and Zhou Cang is his right attendant.
(2) Tianwang Temple Tianwang Temple, also known as Maitreya Buddha Temple, is the first important Buddhist temple.
There is a statue of Maitreya in the center of the hall, four statues of heavenly kings on the left and right, and a statue of Wei Tuo Buddha on the back.
1, Maitreya Buddha (Maitreya Buddha)
After entering the mountain gate and the king's palace, the first thing that caught our eye was Maitreya (the Buddha of the future).
Maitreya Buddha, big-bellied Buddha, bare chest and abdomen. He often laughs and has a big belly.
What represents meaning is, first of all, generosity and tolerance; Second, be merciful and accept all sentient beings with joy. Therefore, Maitreya represents-life equals heart, showing joy.
What can I pray for to make me happy, to get rid of my pain, to let go of my obsession, to let go of my past, and to be free in this life and the next? See more >>
2. Four Heavenly Kings
The Four Heavenly Kings are the four guards of Maitreya. They are in charge of wind, governance, rain and smoothness respectively, and protect the country and the people.
In the East, the King of Heaven holds the Bao Hui Pipa in his hand. He is white and wearing armor. Oriental King Range Rover Oriental Shenzhou.
The growth king of the south holds a smart sword, blue, and wears armor to protect Buddhism from infringement. The king protects the South War Department.
Dai Long, the leader of the Western King with Wide Eyes, is wearing armor, grasping dragons or snakes with his right hand, holding a tower with his left hand, his body is red, his arms are on one side, and his eyes are round and prominent. This king protects Xi Niu Hezhou.
In the north, it is often heard that the heavenly king holds a treasure umbrella in his right hand and lies on the mouse in his left. He is green and wearing armor. It is used to subdue demons and protect the resources of all beings. This gentleman guards Luzhou, the northern capital. See more >>
3. Wei Tuo Bodhisattva
Wei Tuo Bodhisattva is the head of thirty-two generals of the four great kings. As a virgin, she practiced Brahma, was inspired by Buddha and Bodhisattva, and made a great wish to protect monks.
The weapon in the hands of Wei Tuo Bodhisattva is called Demon-reducing Baggage, which is used to suppress evil spirits and support the Buddhist Dojo. Wei Tuo, known as "the protector of Wei Tuo, the Buddha in the sky". Monks also call Wei Tuo the Master Bodhisattva.
On behalf of the meaning, Wei Tuo Bodhisattva especially protects people who believe in Buddhism. Therefore, we worship Bodhisattva Wei Tuo, essentially learning from his spirit of daring to uphold justice and Buddhism.
When reading and studying classics, what should you study Buddhism and Taoism to protect you? Sacrifice Wei Tuo Bodhisattva at home, and Bodhisattva can bless laymen to observe precepts, learn Buddhism and improve dharma. See more >>
(3) Tibetan Hall, Dongsan Temple and Tibetan Hall are located on the left front side of the Ursa Major Hall (east of the main hall), and there are Tibetan kings, bodhisattvas, Tibetan halls and ancestral halls.
1, Dizang Bodhisattva Hall
The Bodhisattva of Earth Treasure, Guanyin Bodhisattva, Manjusri Bodhisattva and Samantabhadra are also called the Four Great Bodhisattvas. Most of the statues of Tibetan bodhisattvas are bald heads or monks wearing pilu crowns and robes. One is holding Zhang Xi, the other is holding lotus flowers, or flag buildings, orbs and so on. The mount is a monster shaped like a lion, named Dezhen. Standing around the Bodhisattva Diksitigarbha are Gong Min and Ming Dow and his son. Every year, the 30th day of the seventh lunar month is the birthday of the Tibetan Bodhisattva. The Tibetan King and Bodhisattva can not only bless the living to live and work in peace and contentment, but also bless the soul after death. I hope they will turn back soon, repent, leave hell, stop suffering and board the western paradise as soon as possible. Dojo is Jiuhua Mountain in Anhui. See more >>
2. Three Oriental temples (Pharmacists' Hall)
The Three Sages of the East, also known as the Three Sages of Pharmacists, are the Three Buddhas and Three Bodhisattvas in the Pure Land of the East, compared with the Three Sages of the West. The Lord is the pharmacist Buddha (the pharmacist Tathagata), a combination of the left-sided sunlight Buddha and the right-sided moonlight Buddha. See more >>
3. Temple of Heaven
Galapagos Temple is the east wing of Ursa Mahayana Hall, dedicated to Galand Bodhisattva. Since modern times, the Buddhist circles in China have often regarded Guan Gong as the Bodhisattva of Galand, and together with the Bodhisattva of Wei Tuo, called Buddhism the two major protectors of temples.
Galand Bodhisattva holds a dragon crescent moon blade, wears a wide dark green robe, a round neck, and hangs armor on her chest. In addition to the dragon patterns on her abdomen and knees, her robe is also dotted with moire patterns, and there are petal patterns on her sleeves and hem, decorated with red and orange. The 13th day of the fifth lunar month is the birthday of Galand, a Buddhist bodhisattva. Galand Bodhisattva is the Bodhisattva Dharma who is in charge of managing temples. It is enshrined at home, which means keeping the house safe and preventing theft and thieves. Guan Yu is also a Wu Caishen. He can seek wealth. In addition, Guan Gong symbolizes loyalty and courage, which is suitable for business people to worship and guard against villains. See more >>
(4) The West Three Sages Hall and the Ancestral Hall are located on the right front side of the Ursa Major Hall (there is a hall on the west side of the main hall). Respectively dedicated to the three sages of the West, also known as Amitabha, with Amitabha in the middle, Bodhisattva on the left and Guanyin Bodhisattva on the right.
1, Guanyin Bodhisattva
Guanyin Bodhisattva is dignified and kind, with a clean bottle in her left hand and a willow sitting on the lotus in her right hand. February 19th of the lunar calendar is the birthday of avalokitesvara. Seeking Guanyin Bodhisattva can help you get rid of troubles and pains, eliminate disasters and take refuge, and relieve depression and troubles. Life is eight hardships and twenty difficulties, and all kinds of disasters and hardships encountered can be blessed and helped by Guanyin Bodhisattva, so Guanyin Bodhisattva is also very suitable for the general public to worship. See more >>
2. Amitabha
Amitabha sits with his hands like a lotus flower, his left hand stands like a lotus flower, and his right hand hangs down, thus attracting all beings. November 17th of the lunar calendar is Amitabha's birthday. Amitabha can live a long life and is suitable for the elderly and many patients. Seek the afterlife and pray to reduce the pain of death and afterlife after death; Eliminate diseases and disasters, save suffering, suffer less from illness, and reduce pain and trouble; Read more amitabha, and I will give you what you want. See more >>
3, the general trend to bodhisattva
Generally speaking, the Bodhisattva statue is similar to the Guanyin statue. The main difference is that there is a vase on the crown of the head and a lotus flower in his hand. Every year, the thirteenth day of the seventh lunar month is the birthday of the Bodhisattva. Bodhisattva can give you the light of wisdom, make you smooth sailing on the road of life and have a successful career. The Buddha's light will always shine, turn evil into evil, and be lucky, so that you can embark on the road of Buddha's light, give full play to all your wisdom and reach the ideal realm. See more >>
4. Ancestral Temple
The ancestral hall is the main hall on the west side of the Hall of Great Heroes, and the Zen Temple is the most common. Sacrifice to the ancestors of various sects, or ancestors who have carried forward the merits of their sects in past dynasties.
Dharma ancestral temple is the west side hall of Daxiong Hall, and Zen Temple is the most common. Sacrifice to the ancestors of various sects, or ancestors who have carried forward the merits of their sects in past dynasties. See more >>
(5) Daxiong Hall Daxiong Hall is dedicated to the Buddha, the founder of Buddhism. The main Buddha statues are usually one or three. Daxiong Hall is the core building of the whole temple, and it is also the place where monks practice in the morning and evening. The general hall is divided into three rooms, and the Ninth Five-Year Plan Heroes Hall is divided into nine rooms. In addition to Sakyamuni Buddha, there are also bodhisattvas, among which Manjusri Bodhisattva, Samantabhadra Bodhisattva, Guanyin Bodhisattva and Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva are the most famous.
In the center of the Hall of Great Heroes is the Buddha statue or the Buddha statue of III, and the eighteen arhats or twenty days on both sides of the Hall are three great men (twenty days and twelve round senses) or thousands of Guanyin statues or Guanyin statues on the island behind the altar.
The main Buddha statue ("Hua Yan San Sheng" or "Sanfen Buddha") is 1. Usually centered on Sakyamuni Buddha, there are two bodhisattvas on both sides of Sakyamuni Buddha, Manjusri Bodhisattva on the left and Samantabhadra Bodhisattva on the right, which are called "Hua Yan San Sheng" or "Three-point Buddha".
The major Buddha statues also worship one Buddha, three Buddhas, Five Dhyani Buddhas and seven buddha. One Buddha: sitting Buddha, lying Buddha and standing Buddha; Three Buddhas: "Three-body Buddha", "Horizontal Three" and "Vertical Three"; Five Dhyani Buddhas: For the Five Buddhas, they are collectively called East, West, North, South and Central Five Dhyani Buddhas; Seven buddha: Including the Six Buddhas before Sakyamuni.
Three-body Buddha interprets Muny Buddha with three bodies, that is, Buddha Pilu Jinna, Buddha Lu Shenna, Buddha Ying Shen (also known as incarnation), especially the living body of Muny Buddha.
Buddha III is the main worship object of Mahayana Buddhism, which is divided into horizontal Buddha III and vertical Buddha III according to space and time. Constant III Buddha: refers to the central worship of Sakyamuni Buddha, the eastern pharmacist Buddha on the right and the western Amitabha Buddha on the left. Vertical Three Buddhas: the central part is dedicated to the present Buddha-Sakyamuni Buddha, the left side is dedicated to the past Buddha-incense burning Buddha, and the right side is dedicated to the future Buddha-Maitreya Buddha.
The three scholars refer to the images of Manjusri, Pu Xian and Guanyin.
1, Sakyamuni Buddha
Sakyamuni Buddha, also known as Tathagata Buddha in the secular world, is the founder of Buddhism, the world leader of concubine in the third Buddha, and the present Buddha in the third Buddha. His birthday is the eighth day of the fourth lunar month. Those who wholeheartedly seek Sakyamuni Buddha should seek wisdom from the Buddha, be ignorant of life, understand the cause and effect of the three generations, live and die, and seek to jump out of the six divisions in the wheel of Mahayana, rather than worldly pleasures. This is what people on earth must pay attention to. See more >>
2. Manjusri Bodhisattva
Manjusri Bodhisattva holds a wisdom sword in her right hand and a Prajna lotus in her left hand. The mount is a lion. The fourth day of the fourth lunar month is the birthday of Manjusri Bodhisattva. Manjusri Bodhisattva is a wisdom Buddha, representing ingenuity, intelligence and wisdom, the embodiment of kindness and compassion, and the messenger of justice. Manjusri Bodhisattva generally seeks to increase fortune, wisdom, memory, eliminate ignorance and understand the reality of various dharmas. Can ask: smart, open-minded, smart-high IQ, excellent literary talent, good exam results, kindness and love, justice and courage. See more >>
3. samantabhadra bodhisattva
Bodhisattva Samantabhadra wears a five-Buddha golden crown and a cassock, with a satisfied hand and a solemn manner. The mount is a six-toothed white elephant. February 21st of the lunar calendar is Pu Xian's birthday. Bodhisattva samantabhadra can pray that her wishes can be successfully realized, her plans can be better implemented, and she can work tirelessly. She was virtuous, learned Buddhism successfully, and accomplished her merits. She is especially suitable for admirers, entrepreneurs and managers who plan to achieve great things. See more >>
4.eighteen arhats
Eighteen arhats are enshrined on both sides of the hall. Lohan is a disciple of the male monk Sakyamuni. Also known as arhat, it is translated as "killing thieves" and "not being born". And a smart person who should be polite. Some Buddhist temples have arhat halls, while others have separate arhat courtyards.
There are many kinds of arhats enshrined in temples: the most common ones are eighteen arhats, sixteen arhats and five hundred arhats. Only large-scale temples, such as Saiweng Temple in Suzhou, Biyun Temple in Xishan of Beijing, Baoguang Temple in Chengdu of Sichuan, Longhua Temple in Shanghai, Guiyuan Temple in Wuhan, and Zhu Qian Temple in Kunming, are often the most brilliant places in temples. See more >>
5. Avalokitesvara with thousands of hands and eyes, Avalokitesvara on the island (send Avalokitesvara)
Avalokitesvara, also known as avalokitesvara with thousands of hands and eyes and avalokitesvara with thousands of arms, is one of the four great bodhisattvas in Chinese folk beliefs.
Island Guanyin statue Some temples built an island behind the main hall, with Guanyin statue standing on the island in the north, Guanyin holding a willow in his right hand and a net bottle in his left hand. See more >>
Other buildings of Buddhist temple 1, four halls
Finger-pointing hall, Zhao hall, Jing hall and lecture hall. In some big jungles, there will be a dharma hall and a photo studio, which will be placed behind the Hall of Great Heroes.
Dharma hall is a place where Buddhism teaches Zen teachings. Buddha statues in Buddhist temples are no longer the main body. Many Buddhist temples don't have lecture halls, but generally recite scriptures or hold Buddhist ceremonies in Mahayana Hall.
Zhaotang is behind the Dharma Hall, and the two halls are actually the front and back parts of a building. The former is Dharma Hall and the latter is Zhaotang. It is also the first place where temple managers can release news to monks and handle affairs.
The lecture hall is also located behind the Hall of Ursa Major. The lecture hall is also a place to talk about Buddhist scriptures.
The Sutra Hall is a pavilion of scriptures, where monks recite scriptures. It is different from the Jing Lou, which is the temple library and is used to store all the books in the temple.
Two, four
Refers to the four major platforms, namely, band platform, worship platform, high platform and ring platform. They are all high platforms. The four sets have different names and overlapping functions. Generally, monasteries will only build one of them to serve several other functions.
Jietai Temple is commonly known as Tan Jie, Datura in ancient India and Altar in Chinese.
Music platform and worship platform are commonly known as "Taiwan", and some of them are also called "worship platform" when sending Buddha, which is the place where Buddhist music is played in the temple when religious ceremonies are held in front of the Buddha.
Gaotai is built in an independent place of the temple, usually in Zhang Er. It is mainly used to worship the main Buddha statues in the temple, such as Haibao Temple in Yinchuan and Baima Temple in Luoyang.
3. Luohantang
Lohan is a disciple of the male monk Sakyamuni. Also known as arhat, it is translated as "killing thieves" and "not being born". And a smart person who should be polite. Some Buddhist temples have arhat halls, while others have separate arhat courtyards.
4. Zen room
Also known as Zen Temple, Zen Temple and Zen Hall. Zen temple takes "Zen" as its purpose. "Zen" means "thinking" or "meditation", that is, you need to think quietly, which requires a quiet place to live, which gives birth to meditation. Zen rooms are generally located behind temples or near abbots' rooms, where practitioners live.
5. Prison and abbot's court
Prison is the main manager of the temple, second only to the abbot. The difference between early temples is that the abbot is a highly respected and knowledgeable monk and the spiritual leader of the temple; Prison is the chief executive of the monastery and the actual manager of the monastery. After the Tang Dynasty, the selection of prisons often emphasized monks with knowledge, understanding of Buddhism and being able to handle affairs seriously, and the responsibilities of prisons and abbots began to be confused.
6. Dazhaitang
Buddhism advocates the equality of all living beings, and monks can't eat separately regardless of their status, so many monks call the place where they eat "Da Zhai Tang". The cooking stoves and cauldrons in the Great Temple can cook more than one stone and more than one hundred kilograms at a time.
7. The Buddhist Scripture Building
Most of the famous temples have sutra depository, which is located in the last courtyard of the Buddhist temple, and is often a two-or three-story attic for storing Buddhist scriptures. On both sides of the sutra depository, there are ancillary buildings or pavilions.
9. Release the pool
Built in front of the temple, the size of the pool depends on the size of the temple. For example, the release pond in front of Yongquan Temple in Fuzhou is very large, so a low wall should be built around it to prevent tourists from falling into the water.
Jingzhuang 10
A stone sketch in a temple building generally consists of three parts: the base below, the building above the base, and the roof at the top. At the top of the eaves is the spire (floor brake). If the building is a two-story or three-story building, each floor is added with a flat seat, a building and an eaves, just like a three-story pagoda. The building is engraved with classics, so it is called classic building.
There are other monuments, pavilions, galleries and townhouses, tilted galleries and flying galleries, and support towers.
(7) The correct method and etiquette of worshipping Buddha There are many buddhas and bodhisattvas in the temple, and it is not necessary to worship every one, just as needed. Or simply put three incense sticks in front of Daxiong Hall, and other halls join hands to worship. But it can also be decided according to the regulations of the temple and the distribution of incense burners in the temple, but it is appropriate to have no more than three incense burners for each incense burner.
The significance of worshipping Buddha
Induction worship is to pray for the blessing of Buddha and Bodhisattva, to give good luck, to avoid disasters, to pray for the Buddha's crossing over and to thank him for his kindness.
Respect and worship is respect for the three treasures, or gratitude and reverence. This worship is spontaneous and sincere from the heart.
Confession worship is worship for repentance. Those who can repent and worship must be humble or learn humility. Therefore, the worship of confession can improve people's personality, change people's temperament and make people honest, gentle and modest.
There are three levels of worship: worship, worship, worship and worship. At first, I knew I was worshipping, experienced every movement I was worshipping, and ordered my body to worship; Entering the second floor is to know that you are worshipping and experience that you are worshipping, but the heart of command is gone; Finally reached the third level. I have neither command nor experience, but I clearly know that people are worshipping. I don't care who this person is, I only know that "he" is worshipping.
Buddha worship steps
* Correct posture of worshipping Buddha, and pay attention to the schematic diagram of kowtowing.
1, Buddha doesn't have to stand in the middle, just worship devoutly. When you know the Buddhism of Sanming, Liu Tong, Shili, Four Fearless and Eighteen Fearless, as long as all beings are motivated and all Buddhas know everything, as long as they are sincere and respectful, any place is a good place.
No matter how many Buddhas there are in the Buddhist temple, they usually worship the Buddha three times in the temple and then listen to his wishes. If the people in the temple have gathered, you can stand with the crowd and ask questions with your hands folded. Personal worship is not allowed, so as not to affect public order, and it is not dignified.
3. When you worship Buddha, you should bow down and stand up slowly, one action after another. Very clear and natural, slower, easier and softer. You should experience every movement and feeling of movement easily and slowly. Don't make the act of worshipping Buddha urgent and nervous. Otherwise, if you worship too fast, you will be flustered, busy, anxious and chaotic, but you will lose your peace and stability.
When you worship Buddha, your forehead touches the ground, your back stays straight, your body is soft, and even the ground you touch is soft and cool. After the worship, experience your two palms with your own heart. After standing up, experience the movements and feelings of your hands and feet.
4. When you worship Buddha, you must respect the three treasures in your heart, such as the first Buddha worship (there is no Buddha in the world? ); Second, pray for the opening of the scriptures (there is no esoteric and subtle method? ; Third, is it incredible to worship the monk's treasure? . Or worship all buddhas, dharmas and monks for the first time. In the endless void in the south, it is the third time to worship all the Sakyamuni Buddhas in the south. Worship Buddha is mainly based on sincerity, so it is not regular to observe or recite it by personal practice.
5. When worshipping Buddha, don't move your feet, lest you step on Christina. When you worship, put your hips on your feet and don't tilt up. This is the only etiquette. If the actions are not slow and urgent, and the memories are sincere and respectful, then the Tao can be sensed. When you worship Buddha, you should say to yourself: "There is no Buddha in heaven and earth, and there is no comparison in the ten worlds." I have seen everything in the world, and there is no Buddha bound to Japan. " Or the cloud says, "The king of France is supreme, the three realms are unparalleled, the teacher of heaven and man, and the loving father of four students. I want to convert now, and I can destroy three industries. This is called admiration.
6. Someone worships Buddha, so don't pass by.
7. If a monk is worshipping Buddha, he should not be parallel to the teacher, but behind him. See more >>
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